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Differences in RNA polymerase II complexes and their interactions with surrounding chromatin on human and cytomegalovirus genomes [ChIP-seq]

ABSTRACT: To investigate the chromatin structure surrounding human RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription on host and viral genomes, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was performed following digestion of HCMV infected primary human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) with DNA Fragmentation Factor (DFF). DFF is a human endonuclease responsible for cleaving between nucleosomes during apoptosis. We found that utilizing DFF as the front end for ChIP-Seq in place of sonication or Micrococcal nuclease (MNase) offered new insights into the connections between active transcription and the local chromatin on the host and that these connections were completely absent on the HCMV genome.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE185618 | GEO | 2022/02/17

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) is a highly prevalent pathogen that, upon primary infection, establishes life-long persistence in all infected individuals. Acute hCMV infections cause a variety of diseases in humans with developmental or acquired immune deficits. In addition, persistent hCMV infection may contribute to various chronic disease conditions even in immunologically normal people. The pathogenesis of hCMV disease has been frequently linked to inflammatory host immune responses triggered by virus-infected cells. Moreover, hCMV infection activates numerous host genes many of which encode pro-inflammatory proteins. However, little is known about the relative contributions of individual viral gene products to these changes in cellular transcription. We systematically analyzed the effects of the hCMV 72-kDa immediate-early 1 (IE1) protein, a major transcriptional activator and antagonist of type I interferon (IFN) signaling, on the human transcriptome. Following expression under conditions closely mimicking the situation during productive infection, IE1 elicits a global type II IFN-like host cell response. This response is dominated by the selective up-regulation of immune stimulatory genes normally controlled by IFN-gamma and includes the synthesis and secretion of pro-inflammatory chemokines. IE1-mediated induction of IFN-stimulated genes strictly depends on tyrosine-phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and correlates with the nuclear accumulation and sequence-specific binding of STAT1 to IFN-gamma-responsive promoters. However, neither synthesis nor secretion of IFN-gamma or other IFNs seems to be required for the IE1-dependent effects on cellular gene expression. Our results demonstrate that a single hCMV protein can trigger a pro-inflammatory host transcriptional response via an unexpected STAT1-dependent but IFN-independent mechanism and identify IE1 as a candidate determinant of hCMV pathogenicity. We used a total of 18 microarrays for analyzing triplicate samples each of IE1-negative control fibroblasts (TetR cells) without induction (3 arrays), fibroblasts containing inducible IE1 (TetR-IE1 cells) without induction (3 arrays), TetR cells induced for 24 h (3 arrays), TetR-IE1 cells induced for 24 h (3 arrays), TetR cells induced for 72 h (3 arrays), and TetR-IE1 cells induced for 72 h (3 arrays)

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Differences in RNA polymerase II complexes and their interactions with surrounding chromatin on human and cytomegalovirus genomes [ChIP-seq]

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