Viral and Host Small RNA Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE189920 | GEO | 2022/10/08
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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2023-09-22 | E-MTAB-13308 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Very few live attenuated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines are currently in pre-clinical or clinical development. We rationally attenuated SARS-CoV-2 (isolate WA1/2020) by removing the polybasic cleavage site within the spike protein and the open reading frames (ORFs) 6-8, and by introducing a pair of mutations into the non-structural protein 1 (Nsp1). The derived virus (WA1-DPRRA-ORF6-8-Nsp1K164A/H165A) became severely attenuated in both the K18-human ACE2 (hACE2) transgenic mice and in Syrian hamsters. Transcriptomic profiling of nasal turbinates and lung tissues of infected Syrian hamsters confirmed that WA1-DPRRA-ORF6-8-Nsp1K164A/H165A attenuated the upregulation of proinflammatory pathways. A single intranasal immunization of just 100 PFU of the WA1-DPRRA-ORF6-8-Nsp1K164A/H165A elicited binding and neutralizing antibody responses in Syrian hamsters and completely protected against SARS-CoV-2-induced weight loss and pneumonia. These data demonstrate the feasibility of rational attenuation of SARS-CoV-2. WA1-DPRRA-ORF6-8-Nsp1K164A/H165A represents a promising live attenuated vaccine candidate.
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Project description:A recombinant SARS-CoV lacking the envelope (E) protein is attenuated in vivo. Here we report that E protein PDZ-binding motif (PBM), a domain involved in protein-protein interactions, is a major virulence determinant in vivo. Elimination of SARS-CoV E protein PBM by using reverse genetics led to attenuated viruses (SARS-CoV-mutPBM) and to a reduction in the deleterious exacerbate immune response triggered during infection with the parental virus (SARS-CoV-wt). Cellular protein syntenin bound E protein PBM during SARS-CoV infection. Syntenin activates p38 MAPK leading to overexpression of inflammatory cytokines, and we have shown that active p38 MAPK was reduced in lungs of mice infected with SARS-CoVs lacking E protein PBM (SARS-CoV-mutPBM) as compared with the parental virus (SARS-CoV-wt), leading to a decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines and to viral attenuation. Therefore, E protein PBM is a virulence factor that activates pathogenic immune response most likely by using syntenin as a mediator of p38 MAPK induced inflammation. Three biological replicates were independently hybridized (one channel per slide) for each sample type (SARS-CoV-wt, SARS-CoV-mutPBM, Mock). Slides were Sure Print G3 Agilent 8x60K Mouse (G4852A-028005)
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Project description:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) causes lethal disease in humans, with viral E protein promoting the exacerbated inflammatory response. By deep sequencing RNAs from the lungs of infected mice, we have addressed the relevance of small, non-coding RNAs in SARS-CoV pathology. Host microRNAs (miRNAs) expressed during infection by a virulent virus encoding the E protein were significantly enriched for cytokine-mediated inflammatory pathways when compared with attenuated SARS-CoV-∆E, suggesting contribution of miRNAs to E protein-induced inflammation. The discovery of three 18-22 nt small viral RNAs (svRNAs) derived from the nsp3 and N genomic regions of SARS-CoV in mouse lung and cell cultures is also described. Depletion of these svRNAs significantly reduced viral titers and genomic RNA levels, indicating their positive contribution to virus growth. Remarkably, svRNA-N antagomirs significantly reduced in vivo lung pathology and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, indicating that svRNAs contribute to SARS-CoV pathogenesis and highlighting the potential of these antagomirs as antivirals.
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Project description:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected millions of individuals worldwide, causing a severe global pandemic. Mice models are wildly used to investigate viral infection pathology, antiviral drugs, and vaccine development. However, since wild-type mice do not express human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2), which mediates SARS-CoV-2 entry into human cells, they are not susceptible to infection with SARS-CoV-2 and are not suitable to simulate symptomatic COVID-19 disease. HACE2 transgenic mice could provide an efficient model, but they are expensive, not always readily available and practically restricted to specific strain(s). Since additional models are needed to study the disease at varying genetic and immune backgrounds, there is a dearth of mouse models for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here we report the application of lentiviral vectors to generate hACE2 expression in mouse lung epithelial cells (LET1) as well as in interferon receptor knock-out (IFNAR1-/-) mice. Lenti-hACE2 transduction supported SARS-CoV-2 replication both in vitro and in vivo, simulating mild acute lung disease1. Gene expression analysis revealed two modes of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection: one in response to the exposure of mouse lungs to SARS-CoV-2 particles in the absence of productive viral replication, and the second in response to a productive infection. This approach expands our knowledge on the role of type-1 interferon signaling in COVID-19 disease, and can be further implemented for a range of COVID-19 studies and drug development.
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