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Distinguishing between recruitment and spread of silent chromatin structures in Saccharomyces cerevisiae [II]

ABSTRACT: The formation of heterochromatin at HML, HMR, and telomeres in Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves two main steps: Recruitment of Sir proteins to silencers and their spread throughout the silenced domain. For the following datasets, we created a fusion protein between the heterochromatin protein Sir3 and the non-site-specific bacterial adenine methyltransferase M.EcoGII. We mapped sites of Sir3-chromatin interactions genome-wide using long-read Nanopore sequencing to detect adenines methylated by the fusion protein. We also used a temperature-sensitive allele of SIR3 (sir3-8) fused to M.ECOGII to induce m6A methylation over time. Time courses involved a switch from restrictive temperature (37°C) to permissive temperature (25°C).

ORGANISM(S): Saccharomyces cerevisiae

PROVIDER: GSE190136 | GEO | 2022/01/17

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Distinguishing between recruitment and spread of silent chromatin structures in Saccharomyces cerevisiae [I]

Project description:The formation of heterochromatin at HML, HMR, and telomeres in Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves two main steps: Recruitment of Sir proteins to silencers and their spread throughout the silenced domain. For the following datasets, we created a fusion protein between the heterochromatin protein Sir3 and the non-site-specific bacterial adenine methyltransferase M.EcoGII, with or without a 3xV5 epitope at the C-terminus. We performed ChIP-seq experiments (immunoprecipitated Sir3-M.EcoGII-3xV5) and MeDIP-seq experiments (immunoprecipitated m6A methylated DNA). We also used a temperature-sensitive allele of SIR3 (sir3-8) fused to M.ECOGII to induce m6A methylation for MeDIP-seq.

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Project description:In budding yeast, telomeres and the mating type (HM) loci are found in a heterochromatin-like silent structure initiated by Rap1 and extended by the interaction of Sir (Silencing Information Regulator) proteins with histones. Binding data demonstrate that both the H3 and H4 N terminal domains required for silencing in vivo interact directly with Sir3 and Sir4 in vitro. The role of H4 lysine 16 deacetylation is well established in Sir3 protein recruitment, however that of the H3 N terminal tail has remained unclear. In order to characterize the role of H3 in silent chromatin formation and compare it to H4 we have generated comprehensive high resolution genome-wide binding maps of heterochromatin proteins. We find that H4 lysine 16 deacetylation is required for the recruitment and spreading of heterochromatin proteins at all telomeres and HM loci. In contrast the H3 N terminus is required for neither recruitment nor spreading of Sir proteins. Instead, deletion of the H3 tail leads to increased accessibility within heterochromatin of an ectopic bacterial dam methylase and the decreased mobility of an HML heterochromatic fragment in sucrose gradients. These findings indicate an altered chromatin structure. We propose that Sir proteins recruited by the H4 tail then interact with the H3 tail to form a higher order silent chromatin structure.

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γH2A is a component of yeast heterochromatin required for telomere elongation

Project description:Histones of heterochromatin are deacetylated in yeast and methylated in more complex eukaryotes to regulate heterochromatin structure and gene silencing. Here, we report that histone H2A phosphorylated at serine 129 (γH2A) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a conceptually new type of heterochromatin modification that functions downstream of silent chromatin assembly. We show that γH2A is enriched throughout yeast telomeric and silent mating locus (HM) heterochromatin where γH2A results from the action of kinases Tel1 and Mec1. Interestingly, mutation of γH2A has no apparent effect on the binding of Sir (silent information regulator) complex or on gene silencing. In contrast, deletion of SIR3 abolishes the formation of γH2A at heterochromatin. To address the function of γH2A, we used a ∆rif1 mutant strain in which telomeres are excessively elongated to show that γH2A is required for the optimal recruitment of Cdc13, a regulator of telomere elongation, and for telomere elongation itself. Thus, a histone modification that parallels Sir3 protein binding is shown here to be dispensable for the formation of a silent structure but is important for a crucial heterochromatin-specific downstream function in telomere homeostasis.

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