Targeted nanopore DNA sequencing of mouse naive CD4 T cells activated under Treg polarizing conditions
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE190409 | GEO | 2021/12/08
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Targeted nanopore DNA sequencing of mouse naive CD4 T cells activated under Treg polarizing conditions
| PRJNA786966 | ENA
Project description:An imbalance of T helper (Th17) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The endogenous metabolite itaconate (ITA) is a regulator of macrophages; however, its role in T cells regulation is unclear. Here, we show that ITA inhibited Th17 cell differentiation and promoted Treg cell differentiation via metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming. Mechanistically, ITA suppressed glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in Th17 and Treg-polarizing T cells. In Th17 cells, the S-adenosyl-L-methionine/ S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio was decreased following ITA administration in vitro, subsequently altering the epigenetic status. Further, ITA inhibited RORγt binding at the Il17a promoter, resulting in reduced IL-17A expression. In Treg cells, ITA reduced 2-hydroxyglutarate levels, which suppressed Foxp3 expression. The adoptive transfer of ITA-treated Th17-polarizing T cells ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Collectively, these results indicate that ITA serves as a crucial metabolic regulator for Th17/Treg cell balance and a potential therapeutic agent against autoimmune diseases.
2023-01-18 | GSE182895 | GEO
Project description:An imbalance of T helper (Th17) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The endogenous metabolite itaconate (ITA) is a regulator of macrophages; however, its role in T cells regulation is unclear. Here, we show that ITA inhibited Th17 cell differentiation and promoted Treg cell differentiation via metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming. Mechanistically, ITA suppressed glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in Th17 and Treg-polarizing T cells. In Th17 cells, the S-adenosyl-L-methionine/ S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio was decreased following ITA administration in vitro, subsequently altering the epigenetic status. Further, ITA inhibited RORγt binding at the Il17a promoter, resulting in reduced IL-17A expression. In Treg cells, ITA reduced 2-hydroxyglutarate levels, which suppressed Foxp3 expression. The adoptive transfer of ITA-treated Th17-polarizing T cells ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Collectively, these results indicate that ITA serves as a crucial metabolic regulator for Th17/Treg cell balance and a potential therapeutic agent against autoimmune diseases.
2023-01-18 | GSE207941 | GEO
Project description:The tumor suppressor TP53 is mutated in the majority of human cancers, including over 70% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Wild-type p53 accumulates in response to cellular stress and regulates the expression of genes that alter cell fate and constrain tumorigenesis. p53 also modulates several cellular metabolic pathways, though it remains unclear whether particular p53-regulated metabolites contribute to tumor suppression or whether metabolic alterations driven by p53 mutation sustain cancer progression. Here, we show that restoring endogenous p53 function in cancer cells derived from a murine PDAC model driven by oncogenic Kras and a regulatable p53 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) rewires glucose and glutamine metabolism leading to the accumulation of α-ketoglutarate (αKG), an obligate substrate for several chromatin modifying enzymes. p53 induces transcriptional programs characteristic of premalignant differentiation, an effect that can be partially recapitulated by addition of cell permeable αKG. Similarly, enforcing αKG accumulation in p53-deficient PDAC cells though the inhibition of oxoglutarate (αKG) dehydrogenase (Ogdh), the enzyme that consumes αKG in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, reduces tumor-initiating capacity and promotes tumor cell differentiation. Decreases in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), an αKG-dependent chromatin modification, are associated with the appearance of p53 mutations in the transition from premalignant to de-differentiated malignant lesions, whereas increases in 5hmC accompany tumor cell differentiation triggered by either p53 restoration or Ogdh depletion. Together these data nominate αKG as an effector of p53-mediated tumor suppression whose accumulation in p53-deficient tumors can drive tumor cell differentiation and antagonize malignant progression.
2019-05-10 | GSE114342 | GEO
Project description:We found that aspects of the IL-2-sensitive effector gene program in CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ Tc1 cells are regulated by glutamine and alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG)-induced events, in part through changes in DNA and histone methylation states. We further identified a novel mechanism by which IL-2- and αKG-sensitive metabolic changes regulate the association of CTCF with select genomic sites. αKG-sensitive CTCF sites were often associated with loci containing IL-2- and αKG-sensitive genome organization patterns and gene expression in T cells. Surprisingly, IL-2- and αKG-sensitive CTCF sites in T cells were also associated with genes from developmental pathways that had αKG-sensitive expression in ES cells. The data collectively support a novel mechanism wherein CTCF serves to translate αKG-sensitive metabolic changes into context-dependent differentiation gene programs.
2017-08-15 | GSE89038 | GEO
Project description:We found that aspects of the IL-2-sensitive effector gene program in CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ Tc1 cells are regulated by glutamine and alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG)-induced events, in part through changes in DNA and histone methylation states. We further identified a novel mechanism by which IL-2- and αKG-sensitive metabolic changes regulate the association of CTCF with select genomic sites. αKG-sensitive CTCF sites were often associated with loci containing IL-2- and αKG-sensitive genome organization patterns and gene expression in T cells. Surprisingly, IL-2- and αKG-sensitive CTCF sites in T cells were also associated with genes from developmental pathways that had αKG-sensitive expression in ES cells. The data collectively support a novel mechanism wherein CTCF serves to translate αKG-sensitive metabolic changes into context-dependent differentiation gene programs.
2017-08-15 | GSE88857 | GEO
Project description:We found that aspects of the IL-2-sensitive effector gene program in CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ Tc1 cells are regulated by glutamine and alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG)-induced events, in part through changes in DNA and histone methylation states. We further identified a novel mechanism by which IL-2- and αKG-sensitive metabolic changes regulate the association of CTCF with select genomic sites. αKG-sensitive CTCF sites were often associated with loci containing IL-2- and αKG-sensitive genome organization patterns and gene expression in T cells. Surprisingly, IL-2- and αKG-sensitive CTCF sites in T cells were also associated with genes from developmental pathways that had αKG-sensitive expression in ES cells. The data collectively support a novel mechanism wherein CTCF serves to translate αKG-sensitive metabolic changes into context-dependent differentiation gene programs.
2017-08-15 | GSE88829 | GEO
Project description:We found that aspects of the IL-2-sensitive effector gene program in CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ Tc1 cells are regulated by glutamine and alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG)-induced events, in part through changes in DNA and histone methylation states. We further identified a novel mechanism by which IL-2- and αKG-sensitive metabolic changes regulate the association of CTCF with select genomic sites. αKG-sensitive CTCF sites were often associated with loci containing IL-2- and αKG-sensitive genome organization patterns and gene expression in T cells. Surprisingly, IL-2- and αKG-sensitive CTCF sites in T cells were also associated with genes from developmental pathways that had αKG-sensitive expression in ES cells. The data collectively support a novel mechanism wherein CTCF serves to translate αKG-sensitive metabolic changes into context-dependent differentiation gene programs.
2017-08-15 | GSE89676 | GEO
Project description:Increased metabolic activity usually provides energy and nutrients for biomass synthesis and is indispensable for the progression of the cell cycle. Here, we found an unexpected role for α-ketoglutarate (αKG) generation in regulating cell cycle gene transcription. A reduction in cellular αKG levels triggered by malic enzyme 2 (ME2) or isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) depletion leads to a pronounced arrest in G1 phase, while αKG supplementation promotes cell cycle progression. Mechanistically, αKG directly binds to RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), increasing the level of RNAPII binding to the cyclin D1 gene promoter, consequently enhancing cyclin D1 transcription. Notably, αKG addition is sufficient to restore cyclin D1 expression in ME2- or IDH1- depleted cells, facilitating cell cycle progression and proliferation in these cells. Therefore, our findings reveal a previously unappreciated function of αKG in gene transcriptional regulation and cell cycle control.
2023-06-25 | GSE221723 | GEO
Project description:The inflammasome initiates innate defense and inflammatory response by activating caspase-1 and pyroptotic cell death in myeloid cells1,2. It is comprised of an innate immune receptor/effector, pro-caspase-1 and a common adaptor molecule, ASC (apoptotic speck-containing protein with a CARD). Consistent with their pro-inflammatory function, inflammasome components including caspase-1, ASC and NLRP3, are known to exacerbate autoimmunity during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by enhancing IL-1 and IL-18 secretion in myeloid cells3-6. Here we show an unexpected function of a DNA-binding inflammasome effector, AIM2 (Absent in Melanoma 2)7-10, in restraining autoimmunity by performing EAE in both whole body and Treg-specific deletion of Aim2–/– mice. AIM2 is highly expressed by human and mouse Treg cells and it is essential to attenuate EAE. RNA-seq, biochemical and metabolic analyses revealed that AIM2 attenuates mTOR, Myc and immune-metabolic functions in both Treg cells isolated in vivo and Treg cells induced in vitro with TGF-. Importantly, we found AIM2 physically interacted with RACK1 in Treg cells to facility the PP2A/RACK1/Akt-mTOR signaling, which is identified as a central component downstream of AIM2 that controls Treg cell function and stability. While AIM2 is generally accepted as an inflammasome effector in myeloid cells, this report reveals a previously unappreciated T cell-intrinsic role of AIM2 in maintaining Treg cell function to restrain autoimmunity. This is achieved by diminishing Akt-mTOR signaling to regulate Treg stability under inflammation, and altering immune-metabolism in Treg cells.
2021-01-27 | PXD018638 | Pride