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A Fungal Effector Suppresses the Nuclear Export of AGO1-miRNA Complex to Promote Infection in Plants

ABSTRACT: Communication between interacting organisms via bioactive molecules is widespread in nature and plays key roles in diverse biological processes. Small RNAs (sRNAs) can travel between host plants and filamentous pathogens to trigger trans-kingdom RNA interference (RNAi) in recipient cells and modulate plant defense and pathogen virulence. However, how trans-kingdom RNAi is regulated has rarely been reported. Here, we show that the secretory protein VdSSR1 (secretory silencing repressor 1) from Verticillium dahliae, a soil-borne phytopathogenic fungus that causes wilt diseases in a wide range of plant hosts, is required for fungal virulence in plants through the suppression of trans-kingdom RNAi.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE190467 | GEO | 2022/03/02

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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microarray_VD

Project description:The soilborne fungus, Verticillium dahliae, causes Verticillium wilt disease in plants. Verticillium wilt is difficult to control since V. dahliae is capable of persisting in the soil for 10 to15 years as melanized microsclerotia, rendering crop rotation strategies for disease control ineffective. Microsclerotia of V. dahliae overwinter and germinate to produce infectious hyphae that give rise to primary infections. Consequentially, microsclerotia formation, maintenance, and germination are critically important processes in the disease cycle of V. dahliae.

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2023-07-13 | GSE236729 | GEO

Verticillium dahliae Vta3 promotes ELV1 virulence factor gene expression in xylem sap, but tames Mtf1-mediated late stages of fungus-plant interactions and microsclerotia formation

Project description:Verticillium transcription activator of adhesion 3 (Vta3) is required for plant root colonization and pathogenicity of the soil-borne vascular fungus Verticillium dahliae [Bui et al., 2018]. In this study, we discovered that Vta3 contributes to the virulence of V. dahliae on tomato plants by promoting ELV1 gene expression, which is not necessary for vegetative growth or production of conidiospores. Gene expression of the transcription factor Mtf1 is reduced in the presence of an intact VTA3 gene. The presence of an intact MTF1 gene triggers the expression of fungal effector genes and plant immune responses (transcription of tomato pathogenesis-related protein genes, and levels of pipecolic and salicylic acids functioning in tomato defense signaling against (hemi-) biotrophic pathogens), and is required for disease symptoms similar to those seen in tomato plants infected by the V. dahliae wild-type. Mtf1 promotes the formation of resting structures at the end of the infection cycle, which allows the fungus to survive in the soil and later to re-infect host plants. Protein pull-downs were performed with GFP-fused Vta3 to investigate whether there is evidence for a direct interaction of the regulators Vta3 and Mtf1. In this study, ribosomal proteins predominantly co-enriched with Vta3, and our data set did not give evidence that Mtf1 directly interacts with Vta3. Bui T-T, Harting R, Braus-Stromeyer SA, Tran V-T, Leonard M, Höfer A, et al. Verticillium dahliae transcription factors Som1 and Vta3 control microsclerotia formation and sequential steps of plant root penetration and colonisation to induce disease. New Phytologist. 2019;221: 2138–2159. doi:10.1111/nph.15514

2023-01-18 | PXD039123 | Pride

RNA-seq analyses of gene expression in the microsclerotia of Verticillium dahliae

Project description:Verticillium dahliae is a soilborne fungus that causes wilt disease in plants. The microsclerotia of V. dahliae produce infectious hyphae that give rise to primary infections. In this study, RNA-seq libraries were prepared from microsclerotia (MS)-producing cultures of V. dahliae (ave = 52.23 million reads), and those not producing microsclerotia (NoMS, ave = 50.58 million reads) and analyzed for differential gene expression.

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Transcriptome-wide analysis of the genome regulation and pathogenicity mechanisms of a fungal pathogen

Project description:Transcriptome sequencing is a powerful approach to globally delineate both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional genome regulation in human and other higher eukaryotes. This study sequenced the transcriptomes of two pathogenicity-differential strains of the plant wilt pathogen Verticillium dahliae. Although they showed no growth difference in vitro, hundreds of V. dahliae genes including those synthesizing aflatoxin were preferentially expressed at in the high-virulence strain. Using both the Pfam and GO annotation strategies, some of these putative virulence genes were ambiguously clustered into several known pathogenic mechanisms including hydrophobins secreted from fungal cells and acting as phytotoxin, biosynthesis of melanin protecting the fungal pathogen against host immune responses, membrane proteins of CFEM and major facilitator superfamily MFS1 with known functions in pathogenesis and multi-drug resistance, respectively. These results suggest that some pathogenicity pathways are pre-activated at the transcriptional level prior to the fungal infection of host plants. We developed two algorithms to confidently identify 1518 alternative splicing events in 1,259 Verticillium genes, representing 15.1% of multi-exonic genes. Among the events, 43.5% involving in novel splice sites were classified into nine AS types, the others belong to intron retention. Verticillium AS genes were exclusively enriched in the regulatory biological processes such as mycelium development, reproduction, morphogenesis, cell communication and signal transduction, predicting a primary function of AS regulation when the pathogen infecting its host. This work presents a transcriptome-wide approach for identifying the fungal virulence genes and pathogenicity mechanisms; both the methodology and mechanisms could be generally applicable to other fungal pathogens.

2015-04-10 | GSE45936 | GEO

Transcription profiling time series of tomato leaves after infection with a foliar and a vascular fungal pathogen

Project description:Time course of Cladosporium fulvum and Verticillium dahliae infected tomato.

2009-04-14 | E-MEXP-1844 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Verticillium dahliae-Arabidopsis interaction causes changes in gene expression profiles and jasmonate levels on different time scales

Project description:Verticillium dahliae is a soil-borne vascular pathogen that causes severe wilt symptoms in a wide range of plants. Co-culture of the fungus with Arabidopsis roots for 24 hours induces many changes in the gene expression profiles of both partners, even before defense-related phytohormone levels are induced in the plant. Both partners reprogram sugar and amino acid metabolism, activate genes for signal perception and transduction, and induce defense and stress responsive genes. Furthermore, analysis of Arabidopsis expression profiles suggests a redirection from growth to defense. The plant and fungal genes that rapidly respond to the presence of the partner might be crucial for early recognition steps and the future development of the interaction. Thus they are potential targets for the control of V. dahliae-induced wilt diseases.

2018-02-08 | GSE104590 | GEO

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RNA-Seq study on root samples from Olea europaea cultivars

Project description:Cultivated olive tree (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. europaea) is one of most relevant worldwide-extended crops. Since this plant has a huge effect on the economy of several regions, especially in those located in the Mediterranean basin, all efforts focused on its protection have a great relevance in agriculture sustainability. As all extended crops, olive tree cultivars are under the threat of a wide range of pathogens. Among them, Verticillium dahliae has been in the spotlight in the last decades because the disease caused by this soil-borne fungus (Verticillium wilt) is easily spread and can eventually kill the tree. In this line, many different factors have been studied in order to shed some light on the molecular/genetic mechanisms underlying the Olea europaea-Verticillium dahliae interaction, some of them focused on the gene expression pattern of the host. In this study, the expression pattern of roots from thirty-six O. europaea cultivars with different resistance/susceptibility degree to Verticillium wilt has been analyzed by RNA-Seq. As a result, processes involved in plant defense, transcription and root development have emerged as potential players in the differential response to Verticillium wilt of these cultivars. Additionally, a quite interesting set of 421 genes with an opposite expression pattern in those cultivars showing extreme resistance/susceptibility to Verticillium wilt has been discovered, establishing a solid group of candidates to take into account in future genetic improvement programs.

2021-04-07 | GSE152236 | GEO

High-throughput sequencing of eggplant small RNAs

Project description:MiRNAs are a class of non-coding, small RNAs that play important roles in the regulation of gene expression. Although plant miRNAs have been extensively studied in model systems, less is known in other plants with limited genome sequence data, including eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). To identify miRNAs in eggplant and their response to Verticillium dahliae infection, a fungal pathogen for which effective cure methods and a clear understanding of its mechanisms are currently lacking, we deep-sequenced two small RNA (sRNA) libraries prepared from mocked and infected seedlings of eggplants. Specifically, 30,830,792 reads produced 7,716,328 unique small RNAs have been identified.

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