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IL-9 is required for multi-cytokine producing tissue-resident memory CD4+ T cell-dependent allergic airway recall responses

ABSTRACT: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease with intermittent flares predominately mediated through memory T cells. Yet, the identity of long-term memory cells that mediate allergic recall responses are not well defined. In this report, using a mouse model of chronic allergen exposure followed by an allergen-free rest period, we have characterized a sub-population of Th2 cells that secretes IL-9 as an obligate effector cytokine. IL-9-secreting cells have a resident memory T cell phenotype and blocking IL-9 during a recall challenge significantly diminishes airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity. T cells secrete IL-9 in response to allergen recall and secretion is amplified by IL-33. Using scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq, we define the cellular identity of a distinct populations of T cells with pro-allergic cytokine patterns. Thus, in a recall model of allergic airway inflammation, IL-9 secretion from a multi-cytokine producing cell population is required for an allergen recall response.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE190795 | GEO | 2022/01/31

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Memory helper T cells provide long-lasting host defeMemory helper T cells provide long-lasting host defense against microbial pathogens, while distinct subpopulations of memory T cells drive chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma. Asthma is a chronic allergic inflammatory disease with airway remodeling including fibrotic changes. The immunological mechanisms that induce airway fibrotic changes in allergic inflammation remain unknown. We found that Interleukin-33 (IL-33) enhanced Amphiregulin production by the IL-33 receptor, ST2hi memory T helper-2 (Th2) cells. Amphiregulin-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated signaling directly reprogramed eosinophils to an inflammatory state with enhanced production of Osteopontin, a key profibrotic immunomodulatory protein. IL-5-producing memory Th2 cells and Amphiregulin-producing memory Th2 cells appeared to cooperate to establish lung fibrosis. The analysis of polyps from patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis revealed fibrosis with accumulation of Amphiregulin-producing CRTH2hiCD161hiCD45RO+CD4+ Th2 cells and Osteopontin-producing eosinophils. Thus, the IL-33-Amphiregulin-Osteopontin axis directs fibrotic responses in eosinophilic airway inflammation and is a potential target for the treatment of fibrosis induced by chronic allergic disorders. against microbial pathogens, while distinct subpopulations of memory T cells drive chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma. Asthma is a chronic allergic inflammatory disease with airway remodeling including fibrotic changes. The immunological mechanisms that induce airway fibrotic changes in allergic inflammation remain unknown. We found that Interleukin-33 (IL-33) enhanced Amphiregulin production by the IL-33 receptor, ST2 hi memory T helper-2 (Th2) cells. Amphiregulin-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated signaling directly reprogramed eosinophils to an inflammatory state with enhanced production of Osteopontin, a key profibrotic immunomodulatory protein. IL-5-producing memory Th2 cells and Amphiregulin-producing memory Th2 cells appeared to cooperate to establish lung fibrosis. The analysis of polyps from patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis revealed fibrosis with accumulation of Amphiregulin-producing CRTH2hiCD161hiCD45RO+CD4+ Th2 cells and Osteopontin-producing eosinophils. Thus, the IL-33-Amphiregulin-Osteopontin axis directs fibrotic responses in eosinophilic airway inflammation and is a potential target for the treatment of fibrosis induced by chronic allergic disorders.

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IL-9 is required for multi-cytokine producing tissue-resident memory CD4+ T cell-dependent allergic airway recall responses

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