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Topoisomerase IIA in Adult NSCs Regulates SVZ Neurogenesis by Transcriptional Activation of Usp37 (RNA-Seq)

ABSTRACT: Topoisomerase IIA (TOP2a) has been traditionally known as an important nuclear enzyme that resolves entanglements and relieves torsional stress of DNA double strands. However, little is known about its function in genomic transcriptional regulation, especially during adult neurogenesis. Here, we show that TOP2a is preferentially expressed in neurogenic niches in the brain of adult mice, such as the subventricular zone (SVZ). Conditional knockout of Top2a in adult neural stem cells (NSCs) in the SVZ significantly inhibits their self-renewal and proliferation and ultimately reduces neurogenesis. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms by which TOP2a regulates adult NSCs, we perform RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) and identify ubiquitin-specific proteases 37 (Usp37) as a direct TOP2a target gene. Importantly, overexpression of Usp37 is sufficient to rescue the impaired self-renewal ability of adult NSCs caused by Top2a knockdown. Taken together, our proof-of-principle study illustrates a TOP2a/Usp37-mediated novel molecular mechanism of adult neurogenesis, which will significantly expand our understanding of the function of topoisomerase in adult brain.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE192398 | GEO | 2022/09/20

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Topoisomerase IIA in Adult NSCs Regulates SVZ Neurogenesis by Transcriptional Activation of Usp37 (ChIP-Seq)

Project description:Topoisomerase IIA (TOP2a) has been traditionally known as an important nuclear enzyme that resolves entanglements and relieves torsional stress of DNA double strands. However, little is known about its function in genomic transcriptional regulation, especially during adult neurogenesis. Here, we show that TOP2a is preferentially expressed in neurogenic niches in the brain of adult mice, such as the subventricular zone (SVZ). Conditional knockout of Top2a in adult neural stem cells (NSCs) in the SVZ significantly inhibits their self-renewal and proliferation and ultimately reduces neurogenesis. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms by which TOP2a regulates adult NSCs, we perform RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) and identify ubiquitin-specific proteases 37 (Usp37) as a direct TOP2a target gene. Importantly, overexpression of Usp37 is sufficient to rescue the impaired self-renewal ability of adult NSCs caused by Top2a knockdown. Taken together, our proof-of-principle study illustrates a TOP2a/Usp37-mediated novel molecular mechanism of adult neurogenesis, which will significantly expand our understanding of the function of topoisomerase in adult brain.

2022-09-20 | GSE192397 | GEO

Single-cell transcriptomics characterizes cell types in the subventricular zone and uncovers molecular defects impairing adult neurogenesis.

Project description:Neural stem cells (NSCs) contribute to plasticity and repair of the adult brain. Niches harboring NSCs regulate stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. We used comprehensive and untargeted single-cell RNA profiling to generate a molecular cell atlas of the largest germinal region of the adult mouse brain, the subventricular zone (SVZ). We characterized > 20 neural and non-neural cell types and gained insights into the dynamics of neurogenesis by predicting future cell states based on computational analysis of RNA kinetics. Furthermore, we applied our single-cell approach to document decreased numbers of NSCs, reduced proliferation activity of progenitors, and perturbations in Wnt and BMP signaling pathways in mice lacking LRP2, an endocytic receptor required for SVZ maintenance. Our data provide a valuable resource to study adult neurogenesis and a proof-of-principle for the power of single-cell RNA-sequencing to elucidate neural cell type-specific alterations in loss-of-function models.

2018-11-26 | GSE111527 | GEO

Dual and separable roles for Ezh2 in neurogenic astroglia

Project description:The epigenetic mechanisms that enable specialized astrocytes to retain neurogenic competence throughout adult life are still poorly understood. Here we show that astrocytes that serve as neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult mouse subventricular zone (SVZ) express the histone methyltransferase EZH2. This Polycomb repressive factor is required for neurogenesis independent of its role in SVZ NSC proliferation, as Ink4a/Arf-deficiency in Ezh2-deleted SVZ NSCs rescues cell proliferation, but neurogenesis remains defective. Olig2 is a direct target of EZH2, and repression of this bHLH transcription factor is critical for neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, Ezh2 prevents the inappropriate activation of genes that specify non-SVZ neuronal subtypes. In the human brain, SVZ cells including local astroglia also express EZH2, correlating with postnatal neurogenesis. Thus, EZH2 is an epigenetic regulator that distinguishes neurogenic SVZ astrocytes, orchestrating distinct and separable aspects of adult stem cell biology, which has important implications for regenerative medicine and oncogenesis. Examination of histone modifications (H3K27me3 and H3K4me3) in subventricular zone neural stem cells

2014-05-02 | E-GEOD-56394 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Dual and separable roles for Ezh2 in neurogenic astroglia

2014-05-02 | GSE56394 | GEO

Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 supports adult hippocampal neural stem cell self-renewal.

Project description:Within the adult mammalian dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, glutamate stimulates neural stem cell (NSC) self-renewing proliferation, providing a link between adult neurogenesis and local circuit activity. Here, we show that glutamate-induced self-renewal of adult DG NSCs requires glutamate transport via excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1) to stimulate lipogenesis. Loss of EAAT1 prevented glutamate-induced self-renewing proliferation of NSCs in vitro and in vivo, with little role evident for canonical glutamate receptors. Transcriptomics and further pathway manipulation revealed that glutamate simulation of NSCs relied on EAAT1 transport-stimulated lipogenesis, likely secondary to intracellular Ca2+ release and glutamate metabolism. Our findings demonstrate a critical, direct role for EAAT1 in stimulating NSCs to support neurogenesis in adulthood, thereby providing insights into a non-canonical mechanism by which NSCs sense and respond their niche.

2023-06-14 | GSE217059 | GEO

Mediator Med23 regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis

Project description:we provide evidence that Med23 is involved in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mouse. Med23-deficient NSCs in the SGZ display faster self-renewal activity possibly by reducing cell cycle length, but neuroblasts, immature and mature new-born neurons are reduced.

2020-06-10 | GSE152113 | GEO

Ependyma-expressed CCN1 restricts the size of the neural stem cell pool in the adult ventricular-subventricular zone

Project description:Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) reside in specialized niches, which hold a balanced number of NSCs, their progeny, and other cells. How niche capacity is regulated to contain a specific number of NSCs remains unclear. Here, we show that ependyma-derived matricellular protein CCN1 (cellular communication network factor 1) negatively regulates niche capacity and NSC number in the adult ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ). Adult ependyma-specific deletion of Ccn1 transiently enhanced NSC proliferation and reduced neuronal differentiation in mice, increasing the numbers of NSCs and NSC units. Although proliferation of NSCs and neurogenesis seen in Ccn1 knockout mice eventually returned to normal, the expanded NSC pool was maintained in the V-SVZ until old age. Inhibition of EGFR signaling prevented expansion of the NSC population observed in CCN1 deficient mice. Thus, ependyma-derived CCN1 restricts NSC expansion in the adult brain to maintain the proper niche capacity of the V-SVZ.

2020-02-19 | GSE137852 | GEO

Transcriptional impact of conditional loss of Notch2 from adult NSCs

Project description:Adult NSCs maintenance depends on intakt Notch signaling. The role of Notch2 has only been marginally studied in adult neurogenesis. To adress the role of the Notch2 paralogue we conditionally deleted Notch2 from the adult SVZ and analysed the Notch2-deficient cells at distinct time points.

2018-01-23 | GSE99916 | GEO

Timecourse analysis of Ezh2-dependent gene expression by SVZ NSCs during differentiation

Project description:Previous work had established that Ezh2-deleted neural stem cells (NSCs) from the postnatal mouse subventricular zone (SVZ) had a deficit in both proliferation and neuronal differentiation both in vivo and in vitro. Ezh2-deleted NSCs in an Ink4a/Arf-deleted background proliferated normally but still displayed a neurogenesis defect, suggesting that Ezh2 is necessary for the proper expression of genes responsible for neuronal differentiation. Our results identify genes that are differentially regulated between control and Ezh2-deleted SVZ NSCs during differentiation. Total RNA obtained from SVZ NSCs 0, 1, 2, 4, and 7 days after switching from proliferation to differentiation media.

2014-05-02 | E-GEOD-56988 | biostudies-arrayexpress

RNA-sequencing gene expression data from FACS-purified Ventricular-Subventricular Zone (V-SVZ) and cortical cells from hGFAP::GFP mice.

Project description:Quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) undergo activation and divide to generate neurons and glia. Here we show that Platelet-derived Growth Factor Receptor beta (PDGFRβ) is expressed by quiescent and early activated adult V-SVZ NSCs, and maintains their quiescence. We further showed that selective deletion of PDGFRβ in adult V-SVZ NSCs leads to activation of quiescent NSCs. We performed RNA-seq on FACS-sorted V-SVZ quiescent, early activated and late activated NSCs, as well as cortical cells from adult 2-4 month old mice.

2021-05-01 | GSE118009 | GEO

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