ERK-Mediated Phosphorylation of OLA1 Controls Adaptive Mitochondria to Nucleus Communication Regulating Cellular Homeostasis [RNA-seq]
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE193318 | GEO | 2022/01/14
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:We found that changes in mitochondrial membrane potential or ROS generation trigger the translocation of OLA1 from mitochondria and cytoplasm to the nucleus, regulated by ERK1-mediated phosphorylation of OLA1 on Ser232/Tyr236. Subsequent phosphorylation of nuclear-OLA1 on Thre325 by ERK2 activates its function as a genetic factor regulating cellular homeostasis by modulating HDAC9 expression. Disruption of OLA1 phosphorylation blocks its nuclear translocation, compromised the expression of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins, DNA damage response, and multiple stress-response-related-genes, leading to cellular dysfunction. Our findings reveal that OLA1 is a crucial component of mitonuclear response regulatory hubs essential for regulating cellular adaptation to stress.
2022-01-14 | GSE193317 | GEO
Project description:We found that changes in mitochondrial membrane potential or ROS generation trigger the translocation of OLA1 from mitochondria and cytoplasm to the nucleus, regulated by ERK1-mediated phosphorylation of OLA1 on Ser232/Tyr236. Subsequent phosphorylation of nuclear-OLA1 on Thre325 by ERK2 activates its function as a genetic factor regulating cellular homeostasis by modulating HDAC9 expression. Disruption of OLA1 phosphorylation blocks its nuclear translocation, compromised the expression of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins, DNA damage response, and multiple stress-response-related-genes, leading to cellular dysfunction. Our findings reveal that OLA1 is a crucial component of mitonuclear response regulatory hubs essential for regulating cellular adaptation to stress.
2023-11-21 | GSE218381 | GEO
Project description:Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes, encoded by both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, are essential producers of cellular ATP, but how nuclear and mitochondrial gene expression steps are coordinated to achieve balanced OXPHOS subunit biogenesis remains unresolved. Here, we present a parallel quantitative analysis of the human nuclear and mitochondrial messenger RNA (mt-mRNA) life cycles, including transcript production, processing, ribosome association, and degradation. The kinetic rates of nearly every stage of gene expression differed starkly across compartments. Compared to nuclear mRNAs, mt-mRNAs were produced 1100-fold higher, degraded 7-fold faster, and accumulated to 160-fold higher levels. Quantitative modeling and depletion of mitochondrial factors, LRPPRC and FASTKD5, identified critical points of mitochondrial regulatory control, revealing that the mitonuclear expression disparities intrinsically arise from the highly polycistronic nature of human mitochondrial pre-mRNA. We propose that resolving these differences requires a 100-fold slower mitochondrial translation rate, illuminating the mitoribosome as a nexus of mitonuclear co-regulation.
2024-03-18 | GSE224163 | GEO
Project description:Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes consist of nuclear- and mitochondrial- encoded subunits, forcing cross-compartment synchronization of gene expression to achieve mitonuclear balance. To characterize how human cells coordinate OXPHOS gene expression, we establish a mitoribosome profiling approach that resolves features of the mitochondrial translatome, including the synthesis of a four amino acid mitopeptide. Strikingly, average mitochondrial and cytoplasmic synthesis rates correspond precisely across OXPHOS complexes. Coordinated mitochondrial and cytosolic synthesis does not require rapid feedback between the two translation systems. By contrast, we find that the Leigh syndrome gene, LRPPRC, maintains correlated mitochondrial and cytosolic translatomes. Our results lead to a model of human mitonuclear balance that requires tightly balanced cross-compartment protein synthesis, representing a vulnerability for cellular proteostasis.
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Project description:Mitonuclear communication is essential to maintain cellular and organismal homeostasis in equilibrium and stress. Mitochondrial stress activates a concerted mitonuclear response geared to safeguard and repair mitochondrial function and to adapt cellular metabolism to the stress. However, the common mediator driving this stress response in mammals remains elusive. By using a multi-omics approach we identify that the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is the main player regulating this response. ATF4 activates the expression of cytoprotective genes, which reprogram cellular metabolism, through activation of the integrated stress response (ISR). Mitochondrial stress also promotes a local proteostatic response, by inducing a decrease in mitochondrial ribosomal proteins, inhibiting mitochondrial translation and coupling as such the activation of the ISR with the attenuation of mitochondrial function. Our data illustrate the value of a multi-omics approach to characterize complex cellular networks and provide a versatile resource to identify new regulators of mitochondrial-related diseases.
2017-06-01 | PXD006293 | Pride
Project description:<p> Human disorders of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) represent a devastating collection of inherited diseases. These disorders impact at least 1:5000 live births, and are characterized by multi-organ system involvement. They are characterized by remarkable locus heterogeneity, with mutations in the mtDNA as well as in over 77 nuclear genes identified to date. It is estimated that additional genes may be mutated in these disorders. </p> <p>To discover the genetic causes of mitochondrial OXPHOS diseases, we performed targeted, deep sequencing of the entire mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) and the coding exons of over 1000 nuclear genes encoding the mitochondrial proteome. We applied this 'MitoExome' sequencing to 124 unrelated patients with a wide range of OXPHOS disease presentations from the Massachusetts General Hospital Mitochondrial Disorders Clinic. </p> <p>The 2.3Mb targeted region was captured by hybrid selection and Illumina sequenced with paired 76bp reads. The total set of 1605 targeted nuclear genes included 1013 genes with strong evidence of mitochondrial localization from the MitoCarta database, 377 genes with weaker evidence of mitochondrial localization from the MitoP2 database and other sources, and 215 genes known to cause other inborn errors of metabolism. Approximately 88% of targeted bases were well-covered (>20X), with mean 200X coverage per targeted base. </p>
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Project description:Proper mitochondrial function plays a central role in cellular metabolism. Various diseases as well as aging are associated with diminished mitochondrial function. Previously, we identified 19 miRNAs putatively involved in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism in skeletal muscle, a highly metabolically active tissue. In the present study, these 19 miRNAs were individually silenced in C2C12 myotubes using antisense oligonucleotides, followed by measurement of the expression of 27 genes known to play a major role in regulating mitochondrial metabolism. Based on the outcomes, we then focused on miR-382-5p and identified pathways affected by its silencing using microarrays, investigated protein expression and studied cellular respiration. Silencing of miRNA-382-5p significantly increased the expression of several genes involved in mitochondrial dynamics and -biogenesis. Microarray analysis of C2C12 myotubes silenced for miRNA-382-5p revealed a collective downregulation of mitochondrial ribosomal proteins and respiratory chain proteins. This effect was accompanied by an imbalance between mitochondrial proteins encoded by the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (1.35-fold, p<0.01) and an induction of HSP60 protein (1.31-fold, p<0.05), indicating activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR). Furthermore, silencing of miR-382-5p reduced basal oxygen consumption rate by 14% (p<0.05) without affecting mitochondrial content, pointing towards a more efficient mitochondrial function as a result of improved mitochondrial quality control. Taken together, silencing of miR-382-5p induces a mitonuclear protein imbalance and activates the mtUPR in skeletal muscle, a phenomenon that was previously associated with improved longevity.
2018-08-28 | GSE116786 | GEO
Project description:Activation of ERK1 and ERK2 is essential in regulation of a wide variety of cellular and physiological processes. In native inner medullary collecting ducts, vasopressin (AVP) working through the V2 subtype vasopressin receptor (V2R)-mediated activation of Gαs, inhibits ERK1 and ERK2 activity. However, it has been reported that V2R can signal independently of Gαs through the activation of β-arrestin, which activates ERK1 and ERK2. Vaptans, V2R antagonists that function as so-called “inverse agonists”, have the potential of promoting cell proliferation via β-arrestin-dependent ERK activation. Here we use the mpkCCD cell line which natively expresses V2R to investigate the effects of AVP, the V2-selective analog dDAVP, and tolvaptan on ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation and activation. We demonstrated that ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation in mpkCCD cells was significantly reduced by either AVP or dDAVP, in contrast to the increases seen in non-collecting duct cells overexpressing V2R. We also found that tolvaptan has a strong effect to increase ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation in the presence of dDAVP and that the tolvaptan effect to increase ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation is absent in PKA-null mpkCCD cells. Thus, it appears that the tolvaptan effect to increase ERK activation is PKA-dependent and, therefore, not mediated by the β-arrestin pathway. Overall, the studies show that AVP decreases and that tolvaptan increases ERK1 and ERK2 activation in cells expressing V2R at endogenous levels, and provide no evidence for a role for β-arrestin in the regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 activity.
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Project description:Ethylene gas is essential for many developmental processes and stress responses in plants. ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2), an NRAMP-homologous integral membrane protein, plays an essential role in ethylene signaling but its function remains enigmatic. Here we report that phosphorylation-regulated proteolytic processing of EIN2 triggers its endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-nucleus translocation, which is essential for hormone signaling and response in Arabidopsis. Without ethylene, or in hormone receptors mutants, ER-tethered EIN2 shows CTR1 kinase-dependent phosphorylation. Ethylene exposure triggers dephosphorylation and proteolytic cleavage, resulting in rapid nuclear translocation of a carboxyl-terminal EIN2 fragment (C’). Plants containing mutations that mimic EIN2 dephosphorylation, or inactivate CTR1, show constitutive cleavage and nuclear localization of EIN2-C’, and EIN3/EIL1-dependent activation of ethylene responses. These findings uncover a mechanism of subcellular communication whereby ethylene gas stimulates rapid phosphorylation-dependent cleavage and nuclear movement of the EIN2-C’ peptide, thus linking hormone perception and signaling components located in the ER with nuclear-localized transcriptional regulators.
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