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PLK1 inhibition selectively induces apoptosis in ARID1A deficient cells through uncoupling of oxygen consumption from ATP production

ABSTRACT: We have identified a synthetically lethal relationship between the loss of chromatin modulator, ARID1A, and the inhibition of PLK1 kinase through a mechanism that involves mitochondrial dysfunction. Using normal gastric epithelium cell line, GES1, we performed a comparative gene expression analysis comparing the various permutations of wild type (WT) and ARID1A knockout (KO) genotypes and untreated cells or those treated with PLK1 inhibitor,Volasertib. Consistent with ARID1A's role as a chromatin modulator, there was widespread gene expression modulation observed when comparing the WT cells with the ARID1A KO cells. In particular, we noted that oxidative phosphorylation and ROS pathway genes were enriched in ARID1A KO cells compared to wild type cells. Volasertib treatment appeared to exacerbate the effects on gene expression induced by ARID1A KO. We also investigated how ARID1A KO and Volasertib treatment specifically modulated the expression of mitochondrial encoded genes using a more recent human genome build, hg38 (as opposed to hg19), that enabled the correct alignment of these mitochondrial genes. For this analysis, in addition to GES1s, we used the ovarian cancer cell line, OVCAR3. To answer the question of which genes facilitate preferential cell killing of Volasertib-treated ARID1A KO cells, using normal breast epithelial cells, MCF10A, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR screen using the Brunello library. We identified many genes whose knockout made ARID1A KO cells resistant to Volasertib, many of which were involved in mitochondrial process.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE193942 | GEO | 2022/07/06

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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PLK1 inhibition selectively induces apoptosis in ARID1A deficient cells through uncoupling of oxygen consumption from ATP production

Project description:Inhibitors of the mitotic kinase PLK1 yield objective responses in a subset of refractory cancers. However, PLK1 overexpression in cancer does not correlate with drug sensitivity, and the clinical development of PLK1 inhibitors has been hampered by the lack of patient selection marker. Using a high-throughput chemical screen, we discovered that cells deficient for the tumor suppressor ARID1A are highly sensitive to PLK1 inhibition. Interestingly this sensitivity was unrelated to canonical functions of PLK1 in mediating G2-M cell cycle transition. Instead, a whole-genome CRISPR screen revealed PLK1 inhibitor sensitivity in ARID1A deficient cells to be dependent on the mitochondrial translation machinery. We find that ARID1A knock-out (KO) cells have an unusual mitochondrial phenotype with aberrant biogenesis, increased oxygen consumption/ expression of oxidative phosphorylation genes, but without increased ATP production. Using expansion microscopy and biochemical fractionation, we see that a subset of PLK1 localizes to the mitochondria in interphase cells. Inhibition of PLK1 in ARID1A KO cells further uncouples oxygen consumption from ATP production, with subsequent membrane depolarization and apoptosis. Knockdown of specific subunits of the mitochondrial ribosome reverses PLK1-inhibitor induced apoptosis in ARID1A deficient cells, confirming specificity of the phenotype. Together, these findings highlight a novel interphase role for PLK1 in maintaining mitochondrial fitness under metabolic stress, and a strategy for therapeutic use of PLK1 inhibitors. To translate these findings, we describe a quantitative microscopy assay for assessment of ARID1A protein loss, which could offer a novel patient selection strategy for the clinical development of PLK1 inhibitors in cancer.

2022-03-08 | PXD031110 | Pride

DNA methylation statuses in ARID1A KO cells

Project description:The CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) is associated with prognosis and drug sensitivity in multiple cancer types. In gastric cancer, the CIMP is closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A) mutations, a component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. However, the involvement of SWI/SNF defects in CIMP induction has been unclear. In this study, we demonstrate a causal role of ARID1A loss-of-function in CIMP induction. Mutations of SWI/SNF components, especially ARID1A, was associated with the CIMP, as well as EBV infection, in gastric cancers, and also in uterine endometrial and colorectal cancers, which are not affected by EBV infection. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis showed that ARID1A knockout (KO) in cultured 293FT cells and gastric epithelial cells, GES1, induced aberrant DNA methylation of a substantial number of CpG sites. DNA methylation was induced at genomic regions with high levels of pre-existing histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and those with acquired H3K27me3 by ARID1A KO. These results showed that the ARID1A mutation induced aberrant DNA methylation, and this is likely to be one of the potential mechanisms of CIMP induction. (See GSE188293 for data of GES1 with ARID1A KO.)

2022-10-31 | GSE165239 | GEO

Efficacy of novel agents against cellular models of familial platelet disorder with myeloid malignancy (FPD-MM). [Stranded mRNA-Seq]

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Efficacy of novel agents against cellular models of familial platelet disorder with myeloid malignancy (FPD-MM). [ChIP-Seq]

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Investigating the target and off-target landscape of PLK1 small molecule inhibitor volasertib

Project description:In this study we aimed to identify off-targets of polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) small molecule inhibitor volasertib. Plk1 is an important cell cycle kinase and an attractive target for anticancer treatment. Volasertib is ATP-competitive small molecules that may also block the ATP-pocket of other proteins. Despite the fatal infections and negative survival in a phase III trial on volasertib in acute myeloid leukemia volasertib has been a promising treatment option in children with rhabdomyosarcoma. Therefore, there is a need to understand the nature of adverse effects that possibly originate from the off-target proteins. We used thermal proteome profiling (TPP) to identify proteins that have a change in the thermal stability after treatment with volasertib. The temperature of aggregation of several proteins involved in prostaglandin and phosphatidyl-inositol phosphate metabolism increased after treatment with volasertib. PIP4K2A and ZADH2 were stabilized both by treatment in living cells and cell lysate. Functional disruption of these proteins affects the immune response and fatty acid metabolism. In addition, volasertib was found to affect transcriptional coactivators, normal and alternative RNA splicing regulators and proteins involved in the intracellular transport regulation. Our data suggests that the identified proteins may contribute more to the understanding of anti-tumor effect of volasertib.

2021-08-23 | PXD024040 | Pride

Investigating the target and off-target landscape of PLK1 small molecule inhibitor volasertib

2021-08-23 | PXD023757 | Pride

Volasertib preclinical activity in high-risk hepatoblastoma

Project description:Relapsed and metastatic hepatoblastoma represents an unmet clinical need with limited chemotherapy treatment options. In a chemical screen, we identified volasertib as an agent with in vitro activity, inhibiting hepatoblastoma cell growth while sparing normal hepatocytes. Volasertib targets PLK1 and prevents the progression of mitosis, resulting in eventual cell death. PLK1 is overexpressed in hepatoblastoma biopsies relative to normal liver tissue. As a potential therapeutic strategy, we tested the combination of volasertib and the relapse-related hepatoblastoma chemotherapeutic irinotecan. We found both in vitro and in vivo efficacy of this combination, which may merit further preclinical investigation and exploration for a clinical trial concept.

| EGAS00001004827 | EGA

Loss of ARID1A induces a stemness gene ALDH1A1 expression with histone acetylation in the malignant subtype of cholangiocarcinoma

Project description:Genomic analyses have recently discovered the malignant subtype of human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) characterized by frequent mutations of chromatin remodeling gene ARID1A, however, the biological and molecular functions still remain obscure. We here examined the clinical and biological significances of ARID1A deficiency in human ICC. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that loss of ARID1A was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival of ICC patients (P = 0.023). We established ARID1A-knockout (KO) cells by using the CRISPR/Cas9 system from two human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. ARID1A-KO cells significantly enhanced migration, invasion, and sphere formation activity. Microarray analysis revealed that ALDH1A1, a stemness gene, was the most significantly elevated genes in ARID1A-KO cells. In addition, ALDH enzymatic activity as a hallmark of cancer stem cells was markedly high in the KO cells. ARID1A and histone deacetylase 1 directly recruited to the ALDH1A1 promoter region in cholangiocarcinoma cells with undetectable ALDH1A expression by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. The histone H3K27 acetylation level at the ALDH1A1 promoter region was increased in cells when ARID1A was disrupted (P < 0.01). Clinically, inverse correlation between ARID1A and ALDH1A expression was also detected in primary ICC (P = 0.018), and ARID1A-negative and ALDH1A1-positve ICCs showed worse prognosis than only ARID1A-negative cases (P = 0.002). In conclusion, ARID1A may function as a tumor suppressor in ICC through transcriptional down-regulation of ALDH1A1 expression with decreasing histone H3K27 acetylation. Our studies provide the basis for the development of new epigenetic approaches to ARID1A-negative ICC.

2021-03-01 | GSE127897 | GEO

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