S. aureus gene expression following AFN-1252 treatment
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Staphylococcus aureus
PROVIDER: GSE19400 | GEO | 2010/07/02
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA121765
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:AFN-1252 is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis. Gene expression profiles were generated by microarray analysis of S. aureus cells following treatment with AFN-1252, an inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis. Fatty acid biosynthesis in S. aureus was inhibited by AFN-1252 for 15 minutes, and RNA was extracted to look at the gobal gene expression.
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Project description:S. aureus response to exogenous fatty acid (oleic acid) Gene expression profiles were generated by microarray analysis of S. aureus cells grown in media without or with oleic aicd
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Project description:Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections result in more than 200,000 hospitalizations and 10,000 deaths in the United States each year and remain an important medical challenge. A key factor of S. aureus pathogenesis is the production of virulence proteins that are secreted into the extracellular matrix damaging host tissues and forming abscesses that may serve as replicative niches for the bacteria. We recently discovered that host-derived cis-unsaturated fatty acids activate the transcription and translation of EsxA, a protein that plays a central role in abscess formation in clinically relevant MRSA strains. Additionally, we discovered that fatty acid stimulation of EsxA is dependent on fakA, a gene that encodes a protein responsible for the incorporation of exogenous fatty acids into the S. aureus phospholipid membrane. In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of host-fatty-acid-sensing in S. aureus, we performed RNA-Seq analysis on WT Staphylococcus aureus USA300 NRS384, a community-acquired MRSA strain, in the presence and absence of 10μM linoleic acid.
2017-11-15 | GSE101580 | GEO
Project description:Lignin is an aromatic plant cell wall polymer that facilitates water transport through the vasculature of plants. Although lignin’s ability to reduce bacterial growth been previously reported, it’s hydrophobicity complicates the ability to examine its biological effects on living cells in aqueous growth media. We recently described the ability to solvate lignin in Good’s buffers with neutral pH, a breakthrough that has allowed examination of lignin’s antimicrobial effects against the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. We previously showed that lignin damages the S. aureus cell membrane, causes increased cell clustering, and inhibits growth synergistically with tunicamycin, a teichoic acid synthesis inhibitor. In this current study, additional experiments were performed to better understand the physiological and transcriptomic responses of S. aureus to lignin. Intriguingly, lignin restored the susceptibility of genetically resistant S. aureus isolates to β-lactam antibiotics, dysregulated intracellular pH, and impaired normal cell division. Additionally, RNAseq analysis of lignin-treated cultures revealed a number of gene expression changes related to cell envelope, cell wall physiology, fatty acid metabolism and stress resistance. Altogether, these results represent the first comprehensive analysis of lignin’s antibacterial activity against S. aureus that provide clarity in deciphering the mechanisms of lignin’s antibacterial activity, while supporting the notion that lignin has potential to be repurposed for biomedical applications.
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Project description:Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that can grow in wide array of conditions: on abiotic surfaces, on the skin, in the nose, in planktonic or biofilms forms and can cause many type of infections. Consequently, S. aureus must be able to adapt rapidly to these changing growth conditions, an ability largely driven at the posttranscriptional level. RNA helicases of the DEAD-box family play an important part in this process. In particular, CshA, which is part of the degradosome, is required for the rapid turnover of certain mRNAs and its deletion results in cold-sensitivity. To understand the molecular basis of this phenotype, we conducted a large genetic screen isolating 82 independent suppressors of cold growth. Full genome sequencing revealed the fatty acid synthesis pathway affected in many suppressor strains. Consistent with that result, sublethal doses of triclosan, a FASII inhibitor, can partially restore growth of a cshA mutant in the cold. Overexpression of the genes involved in branch-chained fatty acid synthesis was also able to suppress the cold-sensitivity. Using gas chromatography analysis of fatty acids, we observed an imbalance of straight and branch-chained fatty acids in the cshA mutant, compared to the wild-type. This imbalance is compensated in the suppressor strains. Thus, we reveal for the first time that the cold sensitive growth phenotype of a DEAD-box mutant can be explained, at least partially, by an improper membrane composition. The defect correlates with an accumulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex mRNA, which is inefficiently degraded in absence of CshA. We propose that the resulting accumulation of acetyl- CoA fuels straight-chained fatty acid production at the expense of the branched ones. Strikingly, addition of acetate into the medium mimics the cshA deletion phenotype, resulting in cold sensitivity suppressed by the mutations found in our genetic screen or by sublethal doses of triclosan.
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Project description:CHIR-090 is an inhibitor of lipid A biosytnesis. CHIR-090 treatment on E. coli sinificantly increased the expression of fatty acid biosythesis gene fabA and fabB. Keywords: Inhibition response
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Project description:Purpose: In an effort to better understand the mechanism of blue light inhibition in Staphylococcus aureus, a whole transcriptome analysis of S. aureus isolate BUSA2288 was performed using RNA-seq to analyze the differential gene expression in response to blue light exposure. Methods: RNA was extracted from S. aureus cultures pooled from 24 one ml well samples illuminated with a dose of 250 J/cm2 of 465 nm blue light, and from control cultures grown in the dark. Complementary DNA (cDNA) were generated from the RNA samples and then sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq Next Generation Sequencer. The combined results of 2 independent experiments were analyzed using the Pairwise Analysis tools in GeneSifter®. The genes were normalized by Mapped Reads using EdgeR statistics including a Benjamini and Hochberg false discovery rate correction. Quality was set at a minimum number of 10 reads and a p value of 0.05. The lower threshold for change was 5 fold. Results: Transcriptomic comparisons using a cutoff of 5 fold identified a total of 28 down-regulated genes and 6 up-regulated genes in the samples that were exposed to blue light. All but 6 of the differentially regulated genes fall into 8 functional categories: amino acid biosynthesis, cell envelope components, cellular processes, central intermediary metabolism, energy metabolism, protein synthesis, regulatory function, and transport and binding proteins. Five genes encode conserved proteins of unknown function. Conclusions: Blue light has been shown to be bactericidal against S. aureus and is a potential alternative therapy for antibiotic resistant organisms. The mechanism for the inactivation of bacteria is hypothesized to involve ROS. We have found evidence that supports this hypothesis that involves multiple pathways including essential metabolic pathways and known virulence pathways.
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Project description:The translation inhibitor Linezolid is an important antibiotic of last resort against multiresistant gram-positive pathogens including MRSA. Linezolid is reported to specifically inhibit extracellular virulence factors, but the molecular cause is unknown. To elucidate the physiological response of S. aureus to Linezolid in general and the possible inhibition of virulence factors specifically we performed a holistic study. We added Linezolid to logarithmically growing S. aureus cells and analyzed the Linezolid stress response with transcriptomics, quantitative proteomics and microscopy experiments. As previously observed in studies on other translation inhibitors S. aureus is adapting its protein biosynthesis machinery to the reduced translation efficiency, for example the synthesis of ribosomal proteins is induced. But we also observed unexpected results like a general decline in the amount of extracellular and membrane proteins. In addition cell shape and size changed after Linezolid stress and cell division was diminished. Finally, the chromosome condensed after LZD stress and lost contact to the membrane. sample versus pool design (pool = mixture of equal amounts of all RNA samples analyzed), all RNA samples were isolated as biological triplicates
2016-02-22 | E-GEOD-65209 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:More than 200 direct CodY target genes in Staphylococcus aureus were identified by genome-wide analysis of in vitro DNA binding. This analysis, which was confirmed for some genes by DNase I footprinting assays, revealed that CodY is a direct regulator of numerous transcription units associated with amino acid biosynthesis, transport of macromolecules and virulence. The virulence genes regulated by CodY fell into three groups. One group was dependent on the Agr system for its expression; these genes were indirectly regulated by CodY through its repression of the agr locus. A second group was regulated directly by CodY. The third group, which includes genes for alpha-toxin and capsule synthesis, was regulated by CodY in two ways, i.e., by direct repression and by repression of the agr locus. Since S. aureus CodY was activated in vitro by the branched chain amino acids and GTP, CodY appears to link changes in intracellular metabolite pools with the induction of numerous adaptive responses, including virulence. Affymetrix GeneChips were used to compare the transcript titers of S. aureus strains UAMS-1 (wild type) and corresponding agr- (strain CM18), codY- (strain MS1), and agr- codY- (strain CM19) isogenic mutant strains during exponential and stationary phase growth. At least two biological replicates were assessed for each strain and each growth phase.
2010-04-13 | E-GEOD-20973 | biostudies-arrayexpress