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Temporal single-cell transcriptomic profiling of cardiac differentiation in human induced pluripotent stem cells with NOTCH1 mutations

ABSTRACT: Pathological variants in NOTCH1 have been implicated in multiple types of congenital heart defects including bicuspid aortic valve and hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). To probe how NOTCH1 deficiency affects cardiac development, we generated homozygous NOTCH1 knockout (N1KO) human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We then ran single-cell RNA-seq to temporally profile transcriptomic changes during cardiac differentiation in wild type (WT) and N1KO iPSCs. We collected differentiating cells at multiple time points corresponding to different development stages, i.e., Day 0 (D0: pluripotent stem cell), D2 (mesoderm), D5 (cardiac mesoderm), D10 (cardiac progenitor), D14 (early cardiomyocyte), and D30 (fetal cardiomyocyte). Single-cell transcriptomics analysis reveals that NOTCH1 disruption impairs human ventricular cardiomyocyte differentiation and proliferation through balancing cell fate determination of cardiac mesoderm toward the first heart field, second heart field, and epicardial lineages.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE196632 | GEO | 2022/12/21

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is the most lethal congenital heart disease (CHD). The pathogenesis of HLHS is poorly understood and due to the likely oligogenic complexity of the disease, definitive HLHS-causing genes have not yet been identified. Postulating that impaired cardiomyocyte proliferation as a likely important contributing mechanism to HLHS pathogenesis, and we conducted a genome-wide siRNA screen to identify genes affecting proliferation of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs). This yielded ribosomal protein (RP) genes as the most prominent class of effectors of CM proliferation. In parallel, whole genome sequencing and rare variant filtering of a cohort of 25 HLHS proband-parent trios with poor clinical outcome revealed enrichment of rare variants of RP genes. In addition, in another familial CHD case of HLHS proband we identified a rare, predicted-damaging promoter variant affecting RPS15A that was shared between the proband and a distant relative with CHD. Functional testing with an integrated multi-model system approach reinforced the idea that RP genes are major regulators of cardiac growth and proliferation, thus potentially contributing to hypoplastic phenotype observed in HLHS patients. Cardiac knockdown (KD) of RP genes with promoter or coding variants (RPS15A, RPS17, RPL26L1, RPL39, RPS15) reduced proliferation in generic hPSC-CMs and caused malformed hearts, heart-loss or even lethality in Drosophila. In zebrafish, diminished rps15a function caused reduced CM numbers, heart looping defects, or weakened contractility, while reduced rps17 or rpl39 function caused reduced ventricular size or systolic atrial dysfunction, respectively. Importantly, genetic interactions between RPS15A and core cardiac transcription factors TBX5 in CMs, Drosocross, pannier and tinman in flies, and tbx5 and nkx2-7 (nkx2-5 paralog) in fish, support a specific role for RP genes in heart development. Furthermore, RPS15A KD-induced heart/CM proliferation defects were significantly attenuated by p53 KD in both hPSC-CMs and zebrafish, and by Hippo activation (YAP/yorkie overexpression) in developing fly hearts. Based on these findings, we conclude that RP genes play critical roles in cardiogenesis and constitute an emerging novel class of gene candidates likely involved in HLHS and other CHDs.

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Temporal single-cell transcriptomic profiling of cardiac differentiation in human induced pluripotent stem cells with NOTCH1 mutations

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