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Transcriptomics of the liver and the muscle from in vitro or in vivo-produced dairy male calves

ABSTRACT: In cattle, the in vitro production (IVP) of embryos is becoming more relevant than embryos produced in vivo, i.e., after ovarian stimulation and embryo transfer (MOET). However, the effects of IVP on the developmental programming of specific organs in the postnatal calves are yet unknown. The objective of this study was to compare the hepatic and muscular transcriptomic modifications between IVP and MOET male calves of three months of age (n=4 per group). Tissue samples from liver and semitendinosus muscle were obtained at 3 months of age, and the extracted RNA was sequenced through RNAseq to determine differentially expressed genes (DEG; FDR<0.05). KEGG pathways enrichment analysis showed that DEG up-regulated in the liver and the muscle of the IVP calves were involved in oxidative phosphorylation and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. In contrast, ribosome and translation were up-regulated in the liver but down-regulated in the muscle of the IVP calves compared to the MOET calves (FDR<0.05). In conclusion, our findings indicated an altered hepatic and muscular energy regulation in phenotypically normal IVP calves compared to MOET calves.

ORGANISM(S): Bos taurus

PROVIDER: GSE196974 | GEO | 2022/06/30

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:In pre-weaning calves, both leucine and threonine play important roles in growth and muscle metabolism. In this study, metabolomics, proteomics and clinical chemistry were used to assess the effects of leucine and threonine supplementation added to milk replacer on 14 newborn Holstein male calves: 7 were fed a control diet (Ctrl) and 7 were fed the Ctrl diet supplemented with 0.3% leucine and 0.3% threonine (LT) from 5.6 days of age to 53.6 days. At this time, blood and semitendinosus muscle biopsies were collected for analysis. Integrated metabolomics and proteomics showed that branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) degradation and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism (citrate cycle and respiratory chain) were the main activated pathways in muscle because of the supplementation. BCAA derivatives and metabolites related to lipid mobilization showed the major changes. The deleterious effects of activated oxidative phosphorylation were balanced by the upregulation of antioxidant proteins. An increase in protein synthesis was indicated by elevated aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and increased S6 ribosomal protein phosphorylation in skeletal muscle. In conclusion, LT group showed greater BCAA availability and mitochondrial oxidative activity; as the muscle cells undergo greater aerobic metabolism, antioxidant defenses were activated to compensate for possible cell damage. Data are available via ProteomeXchange (PXD016098).SIGNIFICANCE: Leucine and threonine are essential amino acids for the pre-weaning calf, being of high importance for growth. In this study, we found that leucine and threonine supplementation of milk replacer to feed pre-weaning calves led to differences in the proteome, metabolome and clinical chemistry analytes in skeletal muscle and plasma, albeit no differences in productive performance were recorded. This study extends our understanding on the metabolism in dairy calves and helps optimizing their nutritional status. Data availability:The proteomics data have been deposited into the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository with the data set identifier <a href='https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pride/archive/projects/PXD016098' rel='noopener noreferrer' target='_blank'>PXD016098</a>.

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Transcriptomics of the liver and the muscle from in vitro or in vivo-produced dairy male calves

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