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The matricellular protein CCN1 activates a pro-inflammatory genetic program in murine macrophages

ABSTRACT: Effects of the matricellular protein CCN1 on macrophage inflammatory gene expression was tested in a macrophage cell line I-13.35. CCN1 (CYR61) is a matricellular protein that is highly expressed at sites of inflammation and wound repair. In these contexts, CCN1 can modify the activities of specific cytokines, enabling TNF-alpha to be cytotoxic without blocking NFkB activity and enhancing the apoptotic activity of FasL and TRAIL. Here we show that CCN1 supports the adhesion of macrophages through integrin alphaMbeta2 and syndecan-4, activates NFkB-mediated transcription, and induces a pro-inflammatory genetic program characteristic of classically activated M1 macrophages that participates in Th1 responses. The effects of CCN1 include upregulation of cytokines (TNFa, IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-12b), chemokines (MIP-1a, MCP-3, Gro1, Gro2, IP-10), regulators of oxidative stress and complement (iNOS, C3), and downregulation of specific receptors (TLR4, IL-10rb) and anti-inflammatory factors (TGF-b1). CCN1 regulates this genetic program through at least two distinct mechanisms: an immediate-early response resulting from direct activation of NFkB by CCN1, leading to the synthesis of cytokines including TNFa and IP-10; and a delayed response resulting from CCN1-induced TNFa, which acts as an autocrine/paracrine mediator to activate the expression of other cytokines including IL-1b and IL-6. These results identify CCN1 as a novel component of the extracellular matrix that activates pro-inflammatory genes in macrophages, implicating its role in regulating macrophage function during inflammation.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE19731 | GEO | 2010/02/18

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA122187

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Effects of the matricellular protein CCN1 on macrophage inflammatory gene expression was tested in a macrophage cell line I-13.35. CCN1 (CYR61) is a matricellular protein that is highly expressed at sites of inflammation and wound repair. In these contexts, CCN1 can modify the activities of specific cytokines, enabling TNF-alpha to be cytotoxic without blocking NFkB activity and enhancing the apoptotic activity of FasL and TRAIL. Here we show that CCN1 supports the adhesion of macrophages through integrin alphaMbeta2 and syndecan-4, activates NFkB-mediated transcription, and induces a pro-inflammatory genetic program characteristic of classically activated M1 macrophages that participates in Th1 responses. The effects of CCN1 include upregulation of cytokines (TNFa, IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-12b), chemokines (MIP-1a, MCP-3, Gro1, Gro2, IP-10), regulators of oxidative stress and complement (iNOS, C3), and downregulation of specific receptors (TLR4, IL-10rb) and anti-inflammatory factors (TGF-b1). CCN1 regulates this genetic program through at least two distinct mechanisms: an immediate-early response resulting from direct activation of NFkB by CCN1, leading to the synthesis of cytokines including TNFa and IP-10; and a delayed response resulting from CCN1-induced TNFa, which acts as an autocrine/paracrine mediator to activate the expression of other cytokines including IL-1b and IL-6. These results identify CCN1 as a novel component of the extracellular matrix that activates pro-inflammatory genes in macrophages, implicating its role in regulating macrophage function during inflammation. Macrophage cell line I-13.35 (from Tlr4-defective C3H/HeJ) was treated with purified recombinant CCN1 protein for 6 hr. Total RNA was isolated, converted to cRNA probes, and hybridized to a oligonucleotide array representing 113 murine inflammation-related genes (from SA Biosciences at www.sabiosciences.com, Cat. Number OMM-011.) The array is a nylon membrane based DNA microarray on which 60-mer oligonucleotides probes were printed. Gene expression profile of resting cells incubated in serum-free medium (containing albumin, BSA) was used as a control for basal levels of gene expression.

Project description:Ascending bacterial infections of the male genitourinary tract by Escherichia coli are an important cause of male infertility. Thus understanding mechanisms by which immunocompetent cells such as testicular macrophages (TM) respond to infection and how bacterial pathogens manipulate defense pathways is of great relevance. Following infection with uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) whole genome expression profiling revealed induction of the calcium-dependent nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signaling pathway in TM as well as in peritoneal macrophages (PM) that were used in comparison. UPEC-dependent NFAT activation was confirmed in cultured TM and in TM using an in vivo infection model. Elevated expression of NFATC2-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines was found in TM (IL-4, IL-13) and PM (IL-3, IL-4, IL-13). NFATC2 is activated by a rapid influx of calcium caused by the UPEC pore forming toxin alpha-hemolysin. Mutant analysis identified alpha-hemolysin as the main virulent factor responsible for UPEC-dependant suppression of IL-6 and TNF-a cytokine release from PM. Alpha-hemolysin caused differential activation of MAP kinase and AP-1 signaling pathways in TM and PM leading to differential expression profiles of key pro-inflammatory cytokines in PM (IL-1a, IL-1b and IL-6 downregulated) and TM (IL-1b and IL-6 upregulated). In contrast to PM, treatment with lipopolysaccharide did not result in activation of the NFkB pathway in TM as shown by lack of degradation of IkBa and lack of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion (IL-6, TNF-a). In conclusion, these results propose a mechanism how TM can defend against microbes, while at the same time they are able to maintain the immune privileged status of the testis. 2 Macrophage populations ( peritoneal, testicular) infected with UPEC CFT073; timepoints of mrna harvest at 0 min (control), 30 min and 60 min; of each point 2 biological replicates; of each repliccate 2 technical replicates: summa summarum: 2*((1+1+1)*2*2)=24 samples

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The matricellular protein CCN1 activates a pro-inflammatory genetic program in murine macrophages

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