Differential brain gene expression in female and male D. melanogaster at 3, 7, and 14 days post-eclosion
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Drosophila melanogaster
PROVIDER: GSE199164 | GEO | 2022/03/25
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Background: Changes in gene regulation are thought to be crucial for the adaptation of organisms to their environment. Transcriptome analyses can be used to identify candidate genes for ecological adaptation, but can be complicated by variation in gene expression between tissues, sexes, or individuals. Here we use high-throughput RNA sequencing of a single Drosophila melanogaster tissue to detect brain-specific differences in gene expression between the sexes and between two populations, one from the ancestral species range in sub-Saharan Africa and one from the recently colonized species range in Europe. Results: Relatively few genes (<100) displayed sexually dimorphic expression in the brain, but there was an enrichment of sex-biased genes, especially male-biased genes, on the X chromosome. Over 340 genes differed in brain expression between flies from the African and European populations, with the between-population divergence being highly correlated between males and females. The differentially expressed genes include those involved in stress response, olfaction, and detoxification. Expression differences were associated with transposable element insertions at two genes implicated in insecticide resistance (Cyp6g1 and CHKov1). Conclusions: Analysis of the brain transcriptome revealed many genes differing in expression between populations that were not detected in previous studies using whole flies. There was little evidence for sex-specific regulatory adaptation in the brain, as most expression differences between populations were observed in both males and females. The enrichment of genes with sexually dimorphic expression on the X chromosome is consistent with dosage compensation mechanisms affecting sex-biased expression in somatic tissues. mRNA profiles of Drosophila melanogaster brains from adult males and females from a European and an African population (2 biological replicates each)
2012-11-21 | E-GEOD-40907 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent pollutants known for their bio-accumulative properties and prevalence in water supplies and household products. Although legacy PFAS, such as perfluorooctanoic acid, are phased out in the U.S. due to public health concerns, a PFAS variant hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (HFPO-DA) is an emerging replacement. HFPO-DA is a potential neurotoxicant that has been shown to cause dopaminergic neurodegeneration. We investigated the bioaccumulative potential of HFPO-DA and its effects on lifespan, locomotor activity, and brain gene expression in female and male Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies). Flies were collected less than 4 hours post-eclosion and exposed to 0, 10, 10^2, 10^3, or 10^4 mg/kg/day HFPO-DA. To measure the effect of HFPO-DA on lifespan, surviving flies from each exposure were recorded every 24 hours. Flies were subjected to a negative geotaxis assay at 3, 7, and 14 days of exposure to measure the effects of acute, sub-chronic, and chronic exposures on locomotor ability. To capture HFPO-DA-induced sexually dimorphic gene expression responses in the brain, we sequenced brain-specific mRNA from flies exposed for 3, 7, or 14 days. The Bioconcentration Factor was 0.031 for females, and 0.026 for males. Dose and median lifespan were negatively correlated in both female (R^2 adj = 0.77, p<0.0001) and male flies (R^2 adj = 0.77, p<0.0001). Log-rank Mantel-Cox tests and one-way ANOVAs revealed that median lifespan was reduced in females starting at 10 mg/kg/day and in males starting at 10^2 mg/kg/day (p< 0.01). Acute exposure at 10 mg/kg/day significantly decreased locomotor ability in females (p<0.0001) while acute exposures at 1 mg/kg/day decreased locomotor activity in males (p <0.0001). Among 7500 genes analyzed, pairwise gene expression comparison between controls and treatments identified 2496 differentially expressed genes. While HFPO-DA does not readily bioaccumulate in fruit fly bodies, high-dose exposures have sex-specific effects on lifespan, locomotor ability, and brain gene expression. LOAEL for median lifespan is 10 mg/kg/day in females, and 10^2 mg/kg/day in males. Both locomotor ability and brain gene expression exhibited non-conventional dose-response as seen in other endocrine disrupting chemical exposures.
2022-06-17 | GSE206119 | GEO
Project description:Background: Changes in gene regulation are thought to be crucial for the adaptation of organisms to their environment. Transcriptome analyses can be used to identify candidate genes for ecological adaptation, but can be complicated by variation in gene expression between tissues, sexes, or individuals. Here we use high-throughput RNA sequencing of a single Drosophila melanogaster tissue to detect brain-specific differences in gene expression between the sexes and between two populations, one from the ancestral species range in sub-Saharan Africa and one from the recently colonized species range in Europe. Results: Relatively few genes (<100) displayed sexually dimorphic expression in the brain, but there was an enrichment of sex-biased genes, especially male-biased genes, on the X chromosome. Over 340 genes differed in brain expression between flies from the African and European populations, with the between-population divergence being highly correlated between males and females. The differentially expressed genes include those involved in stress response, olfaction, and detoxification. Expression differences were associated with transposable element insertions at two genes implicated in insecticide resistance (Cyp6g1 and CHKov1). Conclusions: Analysis of the brain transcriptome revealed many genes differing in expression between populations that were not detected in previous studies using whole flies. There was little evidence for sex-specific regulatory adaptation in the brain, as most expression differences between populations were observed in both males and females. The enrichment of genes with sexually dimorphic expression on the X chromosome is consistent with dosage compensation mechanisms affecting sex-biased expression in somatic tissues.
2012-11-21 | GSE40907 | GEO
Project description:Stalk-eyed flies (family Diopsidae) are a model system for studying sexual selection due to the elongated and sexually dimorphic eye-stalks found in some species. These flies are of additional interest because their X chromosome is derived largely from an autosomal arm in other flies. To investigate how sex-biased expression arose on the novel X we compared gene expression between males and females using oligonucleotide microarrays and RNA from developing eyestalk tissue in the sexually monomorphic diopsid, Teleopsis quinqueguttata. We use probe sequence divergence to evaluate cross-species ascertainment bias and chromosome assignment to determine if sex linkage influence expression. Microarray analysis revealed sex-biased expression for only 1.9% of 3,748 genes expressed in eye-antennal imaginal discs. Analysis of probe sequences between species indicates that the lack of sex-biased expression is not due to ascertainment bias. These findings indicate that the the majority of sex-biased gene expression observed in developing heads of the dimorphic species, T. dalmanni, is causally related to development of dimorphic head shape. Two-condition experiment, female vs. male RNA using larval eye discs and adult heads for one species (Teleopsis quinqueguttata)
2014-01-01 | E-GEOD-46694 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Differential brain gene expression in female and male D. melanogaster at 3, 7, and 14 days post-eclosion
| PRJNA818678 | ENA
Project description:Sexually dimorphic traits are by definition exaggerated in one sex, which may arise from a history of sex-specific selection â in males, females, or both. If this exaggeration comes at a cost, exaggeration is expected to be greater in higher condition individuals (condition-dependent). Although studies using small numbers of morphological traits are generally supportive, this prediction has not been examined at a larger scale. We test this prediction across the trancriptome by determining the condition-dependence of sex-biased (dimorphic) gene expression. We find that high-condition populations are more sexually dimorphic in transcription than low-condition populations. High condition populations have more male-biased genes and more female-biased genes, and a greater degree of sexually dimorphic expression in these genes. Also, condition-dependence in male-biased genes was greater than in a set of unbiased genes. Interestingly, male-biased genes expressed in the testes were not more condition-dependent than those in the soma. By contrast, increased female-biased expression under high condition may be have occurred because of the greater contribution of the ovary-specific transcripts to the entire mRNA pool. We did not find any genomic signatures distinguishing the condition-dependent sex-biased genes. The degree of condition-dependent sexual dimorphism (CDSD) did not differ between the autosomes and the X-chromosome. There was only weak evidence that rates of evolution correlated with CDSD. We suggest that the sensitivity of both female-biased genes and male-biased genes to condition may be akin to the overall heightened sensitivity to condition that life-history and sexually selected traits tend to exhibit. Our results demonstrate that through condition-dependence, early life experience has dramatic effects on sexual dimorphism in the adult transcriptome. There were 8 biologically distinct samples. Each was replicated 6 times for a total of 48 biological samples on 24 arrays. There was no reference or control sample as a loop design was used. Each of the 48 samples are represented separately.
2010-01-31 | E-GEOD-19973 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Purpose: This study assessed putative sex differences in miRNA expression in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST)—a sexually dimorphic brain region implicated in anxiety—of adult male and female rats that had been exposed throughout adolescence to social isolation (SI) stress. Methods: Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent SI during adolescence or remained grouped housed (GH) till adulthood. Small RNA sequencing was performed on tissue extracted from the anterodorsal BNST. Results: SI compared to GH induced more anxiogenic-like effects in females compared to males and sex-dependent changes in miRNA expression in the BNST. Conclusions: The current study shows that housing conditions (either SI or GH) during adolescence regulates miRNA expression in a sex-specific manner in the sexually dimorphic area of the adBNST
2019-09-24 | GSE131289 | GEO
Project description:Data from whole-body, head, thorax, abdomen, ovaries, testes and accessory glands was used to assess possible causes of a non-random distribution of sex-biased genes (sexually dimorphic expression). All samples were derived from virgin adult flies.
2013-11-05 | GSE45801 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: The goal of this study was to compare gene expression patterns in the male and female human cortex Methods: We performed RiboZero Gold (rRNA depleted) 50bp PE RNA-seq in a set of control samples of both sexes to identify sexually dimorphic gene expression patterns. Results: Within these samples, we corroborated findings from a discovery set of RNA-seq data from adult human cortex tissue from the BrainSpan consortium which demonstrated male-biased expression of astrocyte marker genes and a gene co-expression module found to be up-regulated in the adult autistic cortex. Conclusions: These findings suggest that sex-differential risk for autism spectrum disorder is not the result of sex-differential regulation of ASD risk genes, but of naturally occurring sexually dimorphic processes that modulate the impact of risk variants for autism spectrum disorder. 13 cerebral cortex samples from 10 individuals (7 samples from 5 males, 6 samples from 5 females). Three Samples are included in this study from Series GSE64018. **PLEASE NOTE: Raw data has been submitted to dbGAP**
2016-02-23 | E-GEOD-76852 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Sexually dimorphic traits are by definition exaggerated in one sex, which may arise from a history of sex-specific selection – in males, females, or both. If this exaggeration comes at a cost, exaggeration is expected to be greater in higher condition individuals (condition-dependent). Although studies using small numbers of morphological traits are generally supportive, this prediction has not been examined at a larger scale. We test this prediction across the trancriptome by determining the condition-dependence of sex-biased (dimorphic) gene expression. We find that high-condition populations are more sexually dimorphic in transcription than low-condition populations. High condition populations have more male-biased genes and more female-biased genes, and a greater degree of sexually dimorphic expression in these genes. Also, condition-dependence in male-biased genes was greater than in a set of unbiased genes. Interestingly, male-biased genes expressed in the testes were not more condition-dependent than those in the soma. By contrast, increased female-biased expression under high condition may be have occurred because of the greater contribution of the ovary-specific transcripts to the entire mRNA pool. We did not find any genomic signatures distinguishing the condition-dependent sex-biased genes. The degree of condition-dependent sexual dimorphism (CDSD) did not differ between the autosomes and the X-chromosome. There was only weak evidence that rates of evolution correlated with CDSD. We suggest that the sensitivity of both female-biased genes and male-biased genes to condition may be akin to the overall heightened sensitivity to condition that life-history and sexually selected traits tend to exhibit. Our results demonstrate that through condition-dependence, early life experience has dramatic effects on sexual dimorphism in the adult transcriptome.
2010-02-01 | GSE19973 | GEO