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Exploiting crosstalk between glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors enhances glucocorticoid-induced killing of multiple myeloma cells

ABSTRACT: Long-term glucocorticoid treatment in multiple myeloma is hampered by deleterious side effects. Glucocorticoids bind to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which is a crucial drug target because its activation triggers myeloma cell death. The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is a closely related nuclear receptor but its impact on glucocorticoid responsiveness in myeloma is unknown. Here we reveal a functional crosstalk between GR and MR that culminates in improved myeloma cell killing. We show that the GR agonist Dexamethasone (Dex) downregulates MR levels in a GR-dependent way in myeloma cells. Co-treatment of Dex with the MR antagonist Spironolactone enhances Dex-induced cell killing in (primary) myeloma cells. The crosstalk is further evidenced by an endogenous interaction between GR and MR in myeloma cells that is ligand-inducible and by a distinctive gene expression profile. Our study demonstrates that GR-MR crosstalk is therapeutically relevant in myeloma and presents a glucocorticoid-based dose-reduction strategy that could diminish glucocorticoid-related side effects in patients.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE200313 | GEO | 2023/08/23

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Crosstalk between the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor boosts glucocorticoid-induced killing of multiple myeloma cells

Project description:The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a crucial drug target in multiple myeloma as its activation with glucocorticoids effectively triggers myeloma cell death. However, as high-dose glucocorticoids are also associated with deleterious side effects, novel approaches are urgently needed to improve GR’s action in myeloma. Here we reveal a functional crosstalk between GR and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) that culminates in improved myeloma cell killing. We show that the GR agonist Dexamethasone (Dex) downregulates MR levels in a GR-dependent way in myeloma cells. Co-treatment of Dex with the MR antagonist Spironolactone (Spi) enhances Dex-induced cell killing in primary, newly diagnosed GC-sensitive myeloma cells, while in a relapsed GC-resistant setting, Spi alone induces distinct myeloma cell killing. On a mechanistic level, we find that a GR-MR crosstalk is arising from an endogenous interaction between GR and MR in myeloma cells. Quantitative dimerization assays show that Spi reduces Dex-induced GR-MR heterodimerization and completely abolishes Dex-induced MR MR homodimerization but leaves GR-GR homodimerization intact. Unbiased transcriptomics further reveals that c-myc and many of its target genes are downregulated most by Dex and Spi combined, while proteomics analyses identify that several metabolic hallmarks are modulated most by this combination treatment. Finally, we identified a subset of Dex+Spi downregulated genes and proteins that may predict prognosis in the CoMMpass patient cohort. Our study demonstrates that GR-MR crosstalk is therapeutically relevant in myeloma as it provides novel strategies towards glucocorticoid-based dose-reduction.

2023-10-24 | PXD043635 | Pride

The autophagy receptor p62/SQSTM1 mediates anti-inflammatory actions of the selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator CpdA in macrophages

Project description:Glucocorticoids are widely used to treat inflammatory disorders. Prolonged use results in side effects including osteoporosis, diabetes and obesity. The selective glucocorticoid receptor (GR) modulator Compound A (CpdA) exhibits an inflammation-suppressive effect, largely in absence of detrimental side effects. To understand the mechanistic differences between the classic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) and CpdA, we looked for proteins oppositely regulated using an unbiased proteomics approach. We found that the autophagy receptor p62 but not GR mediates the anti-inflammatory action of CpdA in macrophages. CpdA drives the upregulation of p62 by recruiting the NRF2 transcription factor to its promoter. Contrarily, the classic GR ligand dexamethasone recruits GR to p62 and other NRF2 controlled gene promoters, resulting in gene downregulation. Both DEX and CpdA are able to induce autophagy, albeit in a cell-type and time-dependent manner. Suppression of LPS-induced IL-6 and MCP1 genes in bone marrow-derived macrophages by CpdA is hampered upon p62 silencing, confirming that p62 is essential for the anti-inflammatory capacity of CpdA. Together, these results demonstrate how off-target mechanisms of selective GR ligands may establish a more efficient anti-inflammatory therapy

2022-06-03 | PXD007793 | Pride

Glucocorticoid Regulated Transcriptome in Wild-type and GR-C3 Knockin Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts

Project description:Glucocorticoids are primary stress hormones and their synthetic derivatives are widely used clinically. The therapeutic efficacy of these steroids is limited by severe side effects and glucocorticoid resistance. Multiple glucocorticoid receptor (GR) isoforms are produced by alternative translation initiation; however, the role individual isoforms play in controlling tissue-specific responses to glucocorticoids in vivo is unknown. We have generated knockin mice that exclusively express the most active receptor isoform, GR-C3. The GR-C3 knockin mice die at birth due to respiratory distress but can be completely rescued by antenatal glucocorticoid administration. To evaluate the GR-C3 transcriptome, we prepared mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from E12.5 wild-type (WT) and GR-C3 knockin embryos and treated the cells with vehicle or the synthetic glucocorticoid Dexamethasone (Dex) for 6 hours. The GR-C3 isoform was found to have a markedly different gene-regulatory profile than GR in WT MEFs.

2018-04-23 | GSE103675 | GEO

ChIP-nexus of mineralocorticoid receptors and glucocorticoid receptors in neuroblastoma cells

Project description:Purpose: To compare the binding profiles of mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors after corticosterone treatment in neuroblastoma cells. Methods: Tagged glucocorticoid receptors (eGFP-rat GR) and mineralocorticoid receptors (mCherry-rat MR) were transiently transfected into Neuro2A mouse neuroblastoma cells and treated with (i) vehicle, (ii) corticosterone 100 nM for 20 mins and (iii) corticosterone 100 nM for 20 mins followed by media repacement twice and 40 mins further incubation in charcoal-stripped serum media. ChIP-nexus samples were prepared in triplicate for deep sequencing using Illumina NextSeq, as well as control samples taken from cell lysates before immunoprecipitation. Sequence data was analyzed and processed for the identification of enriched binding sites, using MACS2, and for the characteristic staggered ChIP-nexus borders, using the MACE pipeline (Wang et al., 2014). Results: Corticosterone-sensitive glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding sites and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) binding sites showed considerable overlap, by MACS2 analysis. GR and MR binding sites were highly similar showing recruitment to the same DNA sites, by MACE analysis (Wang et al., 2014). Further analyses showed GR could tether MR to the DNA by GR in a functional manner such that gene expression could be altered by the presence of tethered MR. Conclusions: MR can be recruited to DNA-binding sites by GR, even in the absence of MR DNA-binding. MR can interact in multiple modes at genomic DNA binding sites.

2019-03-15 | GSE115417 | GEO

Glucocorticoid action in the hippocampus revealed by integrated genome-wide ChIP and RNA analysis [ChIP-seq]

Project description:Glucocorticoid hormones (GCs) play a critical role in physiological regulation and behavioural adaptation through mineralocorticoid (MR)- and glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated actions in the hippocampus. We conducted genome-wide MR and GR ChIP-Seq studies on rat hippocampus to elucidate MR- and GR-regulated genes under physiological conditions like acute stress and circadian variation. Rat hippocampus tissue was collected under early morning baseline conditions, at 30 min after the start of a 15-min forced swim session (acute stress), or under late afternoon baseline conditions. We identified many genomic loci in which MR and/or GR binds following acute stress or due the circadian rise in GC secretion.

2021-07-10 | GSE126510 | GEO

Electrophilic lipid mediator 15-deoxy-M-NM-^T12,14-prostaglandin J2 modifies glucocorticoid signaling via receptor SUMOylation

Project description:Cortisol, the central stress hormone in humans, activates the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Anti-inflammatory effects are the most important pharmaceutical effects mediated by the GR. Inasmuch as electrophilic cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-M-NM-^T12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) has potent anti-inflammatory properties and activates the SUMOylation pathway, we have investigated the effect of 15d-PGJ2 on glucocorticoid signaling and receptor SUMOylation. To this end, we studied isogenic HEK293 cells expressing either wild-type GR or SUMOylation-defective GR. Interestingly, 15d-PGJ2 triggered SUMO-2/3 modification in the primary SUMOylation sites of the GR. Gene expression profiling and pathway analyses indicate that 15d-PGJ2 inhibits GR signaling in a genome-wide fashion that is significantly dependent on the GR SUMOylation sites. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that the repressive effect of 15d-PGJ2 on GR target gene expression occurs in parallel with the inhibition of receptor binding to the target gene chromatin. Furthermore, depletion of the sole SUMO E2 conjugase UBC9 from HEK293 cells confirmed the involvement of active SUMOylation in the regulatory process. Taken together, our data indicate that GR SUMOylation modulates the glucocorticoid signaling during acute cell stress. Our data also suggest that GR SUMOylation modulates crosstalk of the glucocorticoid signaling with other transcription factors that are responsive to cell stress. Total RNA isolated from isogenic HEK293 cell lines stably expressing either wild-type GR (wtGR) or SUMOylation-defective GR (GR3KR) treated with 100 nM of dexamethasone (dex) in the presence or absence of 5 M-BM-5M 15d-PGJ2 for 6h. All conditions are performed in triplicate

2014-06-30 | E-GEOD-54087 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Loss of Glucocorticoid Receptor Expression Mediates in Vivo Dexamethasone Resistance in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Project description:Despite decades of clinical use, mechanisms of glucocorticoid resistance are poorly understood. We treated primary murine T lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALLs) with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) alone and in combination with the pan-PI3 kinase inhibitor GDC-0941 and observed a robust response to DEX that was modestly enhanced by GDC-0941. Continuous in vivo treatment invariably resulted in outgrowth of drug-resistant clones, ~30% of which showed markedly reduced glucocorticoid receptor (GR) protein expression. A similar proportion of relapsed human T-ALLs also exhibited low GR protein levels. De novo or pre-existing mutations in the gene encoding GR (Nr3c1) occurred in relapsed clones derived from multiple independent parental leukemias. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing confirmed that loss of GR expression confers DEX resistance. Exposing drug-sensitive T-ALLs to DEX in vivo altered transcript levels of multiple genes, and this response was attenuated in relapsed T-ALLs. These data implicate reduced GR protein expression as a frequent cause of glucocorticoid resistance in T-ALL.

2019-12-13 | GSE141967 | GEO

IRF2BP2 Modulates the Crosstalk between Glucocorticoid and TNF Signaling

Project description:Here we have analyzed the role of interferon regulatory factor-2 binding protein-2 (IRF2BP2) in glucocorticoid and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) signaling. We used ChIP-seq to analyze chromatin binding of IRF2BP2 in glucocorticoid (dexamethasone, dex) and vehicle treated HEK293 cells expressing GR (HEK293-GR). Furthermore, we used RNA-seq to analyze how silencing of IRF2BP2 modulates transcriptional responses to dex treatment in HEK293-GR cells, and dex, TNF and co-treatment (dex and TNF, DT) in A549 cells.

2019-06-03 | GSE124636 | GEO

Cryptochromes mediate rhythmic repression of the glucocorticoid receptor

Project description:The circadian transcriptional repressors cryptochromes 1 (Cry1) and 2 (Cry2) interact with the C-terminus of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and are required for transrepression in response to the synthetic GR ligand dexamethasone (Dex) in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Dex induction of many genes was increased in Cry-deficient fibroblasts suggesting that cryptochromes oppose transactivation in addition to contributing to transrepression. In mice, genetic loss of Cry1 and/or Cry2 resulted in glucose intolerance and constitutively high levels of circulating corticosterone, suggesting reduced glucocorticoid suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis coupled with increased sensitivity to the hyperglycemic effects of glucocorticoid-mediated transactivation in the liver. Cry1 and Cry2 association with a GRE in the Pck1 promoter was stimulated by Dex, and Dex-induced transcription of pck1 was strikingly increased in Cry-deficient livers. Finally, cry1-/-;cry2-/- mice subjected to 8 weeks of chronic Dex treatment exhibited incomplete suppression of circulating corticosterone and greater glucose intolerance compared with wildtype littermates subjected to the same chronic treatment, consistent with enhanced transcriptional response to the synthetic glucocorticoid ligand.

2011-12-22 | GSE24469 | GEO

Cryptochromes mediate rhythmic repression of the glucocorticoid receptor

2011-12-22 | E-GEOD-24469 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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