Alphaherpesviruses remodel the cellular transcriptome to deplete m6A-containing transcripts
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Sus scrofa Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE201012 | GEO | 2022/05/25
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Alphaherpesviruses remodel the cellular transcriptome to deplete m6A-containing transcripts
| PRJNA827853 | ENA
Project description:The RNA modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) can modulate mRNA fate and thus affect many biological processes. We analyzed m6A modification across the transcriptome following infection by dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). We found that infection by these viruses in the Flaviviridae family alters m6A modification of specific cellular transcripts, including RIOK3 and CIRBP. During viral infection, the addition of m6A to RIOK3 promotes its translation, while loss of m6A in CIRBP promotes alternative splicing. Importantly, we found that viral activation of innate immune sensing or the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response contributes to the changes in m6A modification in RIOK3 and CIRBP, respectively. Further, several transcripts with infection-altered m6A profiles, including RIOK3 and CIRBP, encode proteins that influence DENV, ZIKV, and HCV infection. Overall, this work reveals that cellular signaling pathways activated during viral infection lead to alterations in m6A modification of host mRNAs to regulate infection.
2019-10-11 | GSE138730 | GEO
Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal RNA modification catalyzed by host RNA methyltransferases. As obligate intracellular parasites, many viruses acquire m6A methylation in their RNAs. However, the biological functions of viral m6A methylation are poorly understood. Here, we found that viral m6A methylation serves as a molecular marker for host innate immunity to discriminate self from nonself RNA and that this novel biological function of viral m6A methylation is universally conserved in non-segmented negative-sense (NNS) RNA viruses. Using m6A methyltransferase (METTL3)-knockout cells, we produced m6A-deficient virion RNA from the representative members of the families Pneumoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, and Rhabdoviridae and found that these m6A-deficient viral RNAs triggered significantly higher levels of type I interferon compared to the m6A-sufficient viral RNAs, in a RIG-I dependent manner. Reconstitution of the RIG-I pathway revealed that m6A-deficient virion RNA induced higher expression of RIG-I, bound to RIG-I more efficiently, enhanced RIG-I ubiquitination, and facilitated RIG-I conformational rearrangement and oligomerization. Furthermore, the m6A binding protein YTHDF2 sequesters m6A-sufficient virion RNA which suppresses type I interferon signaling pathway. Collectively, our results suggest that NNS RNA viruses acquire m6A in viral RNA as a common strategy to evade host innate immunity.
2020-12-01 | GSE162339 | GEO
Project description:The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal modification in almost all eukaryotic messenger RNAs, and is dynamically regulated. Therefore, identification of m6A readers is especially important in determining the cellular function of m6A. YTHDF2 has recently been characterized as the first m6A reader that regulates the cytoplasmic stability of methylated RNA. Here we show that YTHDC1 is a nuclear m6A reader and report the crystal structure of the YTH domain of YTHDC1 bound to m6A-containing RNA. We further determined the structure of another YTH domain, YTHDF1, and found that the YTH domain utilizes a conserved aromatic cage to specifically recognize the methyl group of m6A. Our structural characterizations of the YTHDC1-m6A RNA complex also shed light on the molecular basis for the preferential binding of the GG(m6A)C sequence by YTHDC1 and confirm the YTH domain as a specific m6A RNA reader. PAR-CLIP (Photoactivatable-Ribonucleoside-Enhanced Crosslinking and Immunoprecipitation) was applied to human YTHDC1 protein to identify its binding sites.
2014-09-18 | E-GEOD-58352 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Polyomaviruses are a family of small DNA tumor viruses that includes several pathogenic human members, including Merkel cell polyomavirus, BK virus and JC virus. As is characteristic of DNA tumor viruses, gene expression in polyomaviruses is temporally regulated into an early phase, consisting of the viral regulatory proteins, and a late phase, consisting of the viral structural proteins. Previously, the late transcripts expressed by the prototypic polyomavirus simian virus 40 (SV40) were reported to contain several adenosines bearing methyl groups at the N6 position (m6A), although the precise location of these m6A residues, and their phenotypic effects, have not been investigated. Here, we first demonstrate that overexpression of the key m6A reader protein YTHDF2 induces more rapid viral replication, and larger viral plaques, in SV40 infected BSC40 cells, while mutational inactivation of the endogenous YTHDF2 gene, or the m6A methyltransferase METTL3, has the opposite effect, thus suggesting a positive role for m6A in the regulation of SV40 gene expression. To directly test this hypothesis, we mapped sites of m6A addition on SV40 transcripts and identified two m6A sites on the viral early transcripts and eleven m6A sites on the late mRNAs. Using synonymous mutations, we inactivated the majority of the m6A sites on the SV40 late mRNAs and observed that the resultant viral mutant replicated more slowly than wild type SV40. Alternative splicing of SV40 late mRNAs was unaffected by the reduction in m6A residues and our data instead suggest that m6A enhances the translation of viral late transcripts. Together, these data argue that the addition of m6A residues to the late transcripts encoded by SV40 plays an important role in enhancing viral gene expression and, hence, replication.
2018-02-08 | GSE106698 | GEO
Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most common internal RNA modification in eukaryotic mRNAs, is described to be abundantly present in the genomes of cytoplasmic-replicating RNA viruses. Yet, how the host nuclear m6A writer has access to the viral RNAs in the cytoplasm and what are the associated biological consequences remain unknown. Here, we comprehensively addressed these questions by combining antibody-dependent (m6A-seq) and antibody-independent (SELECT and nanopore direct RNA sequencing) methods on the cytoplasmic-replicating Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) RNA, and found no evidence of m6A modifications. Moreover, depletion of m6A modification machinery components did not affect CHIKV infection, and CHIKV infection did not alter their cellular localization. Consistent with these observations, no m6A modifications were found in the RNA genome of the dengue virus (DENV), another cytoplasmic-replicating virus. Our results challenge the idea that m6A modification is a general trait of cytoplasmic-replicating RNA viruses and stress the need of confirming antibody-dependent detection of m6A modifications with orthogonal antibody-independent methods.
2024-01-23 | GSE231738 | GEO
Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most common internal RNA modification in eukaryotic mRNAs, is described to be abundantly present in the genomes of cytoplasmic-replicating RNA viruses. Yet, how the host nuclear m6A writer has access to the viral RNAs in the cytoplasm and what are the associated biological consequences remain unknown. Here, we comprehensively addressed these questions by combining antibody-dependent (m6A-seq) and antibody-independent (SELECT and nanopore direct RNA sequencing) methods on the cytoplasmic-replicating Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) RNA, and found no evidence of m6A modifications. Moreover, depletion of m6A modification machinery components did not affect CHIKV infection, and CHIKV infection did not alter their cellular localization. Consistent with these observations, no m6A modifications were found in the RNA genome of the dengue virus (DENV), another cytoplasmic-replicating virus. Our results challenge the idea that m6A modification is a general trait of cytoplasmic-replicating RNA viruses and stress the need of confirming antibody-dependent detection of m6A modifications with orthogonal antibody-independent methods.
2024-01-23 | GSE231737 | GEO
Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal modification present in the mRNA of all higher eukaryotes. Here we present that m6A is selectively recognized by human YTH domain family (YTHDF2) protein to regulate mRNA degradation. By using crosslinking and immunoprecipitation, we have identified over 4000 substrate RNA of YTHDF2 with conserved core motif of G(m6A)C. We further estabilshed the role of YTHDF2 in RNA metabolism by a combination of ribosome profiling, RNA sequencing, m6A level quantification and cell-based imaging: the C-terminal domain of YTHDF2 selectively binds to m6A of mRNA and the N-terminal domain is responsive for localizing mRNA from translatable pool to processing body where mRNA decay occurs. PAR-CLIP and RIP was used to identify YTHDF2 binding sites followed by ribosome profling and RNA seq to assess the consequences of YTHDF2 siRNA knock-down
2013-11-29 | E-GEOD-49339 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a widespread internal RNA modification whose function is poorly understood. Here we report that m6A residues within the 5'UTR promote a novel form of cap-independent translation which is mediated through an interaction between m6A residues and the translation initiation factor, eIF3. We present eIF3a PAR-iCLIP data which demonstrate that eIF3 predominantly binds mRNAs within the 5'UTR. eIF3 binding sites are also in proximity to m6A residues within the 5'UTR of cellular mRNAs. Two replicates of eIF3a PAR-iCLIP in HEK293T cells.
2015-10-26 | E-GEOD-73405 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant mRNA modification, was shown to alter the life cycles of diverse DNA and RNA viruses. These effects were proposed to be mediated in a virus-specific manner, through dysregulated methylation of viral RNA. We use RNA-seq to systematically follow differences in gene expression in cells depleted of m6A machinery, compared to control cells, following human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. We show that following viral infection or stimulation of cells with an inactivated virus, depletion of the m6A 'writer' protein METTL3 or 'reader' protein YTHDF2 leads to a dramatic increase in the induction of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), which constitutes the first line of antiviral defense. Consequently, propagation of different viruses is markedly suppressed in an interferon (IFN)-signaling dependent manner. Furthermore, we used m6A-immunoprecipitation, followed by RNA-seq, to map m6A sites on human and HCMV transcripts, and found that the mRNA of IFNβ, the central cytokine that drives the type I IFN response, is m6A modified, and is stabilized upon repression of METTL3 and YTHDF2.
2018-11-14 | GSE114019 | GEO