Shear stress promotes metabolic changes in endothelial cells
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE202220 | GEO | 2023/12/01
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Chronic high flow can induce arterial remodeling, and this effect is mediated by endothelial cells (ECs) responding to wall shear stress (WSS). To assess how WSS above physiological normal levels affects ECs, we used DNA microarrays to profile EC gene expression under various flow conditions. Cultured bovine aortic ECs were exposed to no flow (0 Pa), normal WSS (2 Pa) and very high WSS (10 Pa) for 24 hrs. Very high WSS induced a distinct expression profile when compared to both no flow and normal WSS. Gene ontology and biological pathway analysis revealed that high WSS modulated gene expression in ways that promote an anti-coagulant, anti-inflammatory, proliferative and pro-matrix remodeling phenotype. A subset of characteristic genes was validated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR): Very high WSS upregulated ADAMTS1, PLAU (uPA), PLAT (tPA) and TIMP3, all of which are involved in extracellular matrix processing, with PLAT and PLAU also contributing to fibrinolysis. Downregulated genes included chemokines CXCL5 and IL-8 and the adhesive glycoprotein THBS1 (TSP1). Expressions of ADAMTS1 and uPA proteins were assessed by immunhistochemistry in rabbit basilar arteries experiencing increased flow after bilaterial carotid artery ligation. Both proteins were significantly increased when WSS was elevated compared to sham control animals. Our results indicate that very high WSS elicits a unique transcriptional profile in ECs that favors particular cell functions and pathways that are important in vessel homeostasis under increased flow. In addition, we identify specific molecular targets that are likely to contribute to adaptive remodeling under elevated flow conditions.
2011-12-01 | GSE29376 | GEO
Project description:Intracranial aneurysms tend to form at bifurcation apices, where flow impingement causes high frictional force (or wall shear stress, WSS) and flow acceleration and deceleration that create positive and negative streamwise gradients in WSS (WSSG), respectively. In vivo, intracranial aneurysms initiate under high WSS and positive WSSG. Little is known about the responses of endothelial cells (ECs) to either positive or negative WSSG under high WSS conditions. We used cDNA microarrays to profile EC gene expression exposed to positive WSSG vs. negative WSSG for 24 hours in a flow chamber with converging and diverging channels, respectively. WSS varied between 3.5 and 28.4 Pa in each gradient channel. GO and biological pathway analysis indicated that positive WSSG favored proliferation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix processing while decreasing expression of pro-inflammatory genes. A subset of characteristic genes was validated using qPCR: Genes for ADAMTS1, CKAP2 and NCEH1 had higher expression under positive WSSG compared to negative WSSG while TAGLN, THBS1, VCAM1, CCL2, and CSF2 had lower expression. To determine if these patterns of expression are also exhibited in vivo, we tested whether the extracellular matrix related protein ADAMTS1 and proliferation were modulated by positive WSSG during intracranial aneurysm initiation. An aneurysm was induced at the basiliar terminus in rabbits by bilateral carotid ligation. WSSG at the bifurcation was determined by computational fluid dynamic simulations from 3D angiography and mapped on immunofluorescence staining for ADAMTS1 and the proliferation marker, Ki-67. Endothelial ADAMTS1 protein and Ki-67 were significantly higher in regions with positive WSSG compared to adjacent sites where WSSG was negative. Our results indicate that WSSG can elicit distinct gene expression profiles in ECs. Increased matrix processing and high levels of proliferation under positive WSSG could contribute to intracranial aneurysm initiation by causing transient gaps in the endothelium or disrupting EC signals to smooth muscle cells. Time-matched bovine aortic endothelial cells were exposed to positive wall shear stress gradient, negative wall shear stress gradient, and two no gradient samples: uniform WSS of 3.5 Pa and high WSS of 28.4 Pa for 24 hrs in an in vitro flow loop system. RNA was extracted and hybridized on Affymetrix microarrays. There were 12 samples in total, four flow conditions with three replicates each.
2013-05-01 | E-GEOD-37127 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Wall shear stress (WSS) is proposed to influence intracranial aneurysm growth and rupture. Physiological WSS in cerebral arteries is estimated around 20-30 dynes/cm2. The WSS typically observed in human IAs is close to 2 dynes/cm2 for wide-neck aneurysms with a slow recirculating flow and >70 dynes/cm2 in aneurysms with impinging “jet flow”. In this study, we investigated the effects of aneurysmal low and supra-high WSS on endothelial cells.
2021-11-04 | GSE173928 | GEO
Project description:Intracranial aneurysms tend to form at bifurcation apices, where flow impingement causes high frictional force (or wall shear stress, WSS) and flow acceleration and deceleration that create positive and negative streamwise gradients in WSS (WSSG), respectively. In vivo, intracranial aneurysms initiate under high WSS and positive WSSG. Little is known about the responses of endothelial cells (ECs) to either positive or negative WSSG under high WSS conditions. We used cDNA microarrays to profile EC gene expression exposed to positive WSSG vs. negative WSSG for 24 hours in a flow chamber with converging and diverging channels, respectively. WSS varied between 3.5 and 28.4 Pa in each gradient channel. GO and biological pathway analysis indicated that positive WSSG favored proliferation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix processing while decreasing expression of pro-inflammatory genes. A subset of characteristic genes was validated using qPCR: Genes for ADAMTS1, CKAP2 and NCEH1 had higher expression under positive WSSG compared to negative WSSG while TAGLN, THBS1, VCAM1, CCL2, and CSF2 had lower expression. To determine if these patterns of expression are also exhibited in vivo, we tested whether the extracellular matrix related protein ADAMTS1 and proliferation were modulated by positive WSSG during intracranial aneurysm initiation. An aneurysm was induced at the basiliar terminus in rabbits by bilateral carotid ligation. WSSG at the bifurcation was determined by computational fluid dynamic simulations from 3D angiography and mapped on immunofluorescence staining for ADAMTS1 and the proliferation marker, Ki-67. Endothelial ADAMTS1 protein and Ki-67 were significantly higher in regions with positive WSSG compared to adjacent sites where WSSG was negative. Our results indicate that WSSG can elicit distinct gene expression profiles in ECs. Increased matrix processing and high levels of proliferation under positive WSSG could contribute to intracranial aneurysm initiation by causing transient gaps in the endothelium or disrupting EC signals to smooth muscle cells.
2013-05-01 | GSE37127 | GEO
Project description:Objective: Shear forces play a key role in the maintenance of vessel wall integrity. Current understanding regarding shear-dependent gene expression is mainly based on in vitro or in vivo observations with experimentally deranged shear, hence reflecting acute molecular events in relation to flow. Our objective was to combine computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations with global microarray analysis to study flow-dependent vessel wall biology in portions of the entire aorta under physiological conditions. Methods and Results: Animal-specific WSS magnitude and vector direction were estimated using CFD based on aortic geometry and flow information acquired by MRI. Two distinct flow pattern regions were identified in the normal rat aorta; the distal part of the inner curvature being exposed to low WSS and a non-uniform vector direction, and a region along the outer curvature being subjected to markedly higher levels of WSS and a uniform vector direction. Microarray analysis identified numerous novel mechanosensitive genes, including Hand2, trpc4 and slain2, and confirmed well-known ones, such as klf2 and BMP4. Three genes were further validated for protein , including Hand2, which showed higher expression in the endothelium in regions exposed to disturbed flow. Gene ontology analysis revealed an over-representation of genes involved in transcriptional regulation. Microarray analysis of two distinct flow pattern regions were identified in the normal rat aorta. Tissue pieces from groups of five animals were pooled for each region giving total of 28 pools; 14 paired sample pools of high and low wall shear stress.
2012-12-24 | E-GEOD-40170 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The role of shear stress, the frictional force of blood flow, on the endothelium has been well documented. Differences in shear stress can have profound effects on endothelial and blood vessel biology. Endothelial cells (ECs), termed endocardial ECs, line the heart chambers and are exposed to complex shear stress patterns. While it has been demonstrated that shear stress is important for heart development, little has been shown on the role of shear stress on adult ECs. 4D-MRI studies demonstrate regional differences in blood residence time. We sought to determine the effect of regional differences in endocardial shear stress on the endocardial transcriptome using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on 3 different regions (apex, mid-ventricle, outflow tract) from 8 adult pigs, for a total of 24 RNA-seq assays.
2015-12-31 | E-MTAB-3669 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Blood flow promotes emergence of definitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the developing embryo, yet the signals generated by hemodynamic forces that influence hematopoietic potential remain poorly defined. In transplantation assays of hematopoietic reconstitution, we find that fluid shear stress endows long-term multilineage engraftment potential upon early hematopoietic tissues at E9.5 not previously described to harbor HSCs. Effects on hematopoiesis appear to be mediated in part by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and the cyclic AMP-protein kinase A (cAMP-PKA) signaling axis. Studies of Ncx1 cardiac mutants corroborate that blood flow is required for sufficient COX2 levels and phosphorylation of CREB. Further implicating PGE2 in mediating the effects of shear stress, we find that E10.5 and E11.5 AGM treated transiently with the synthetic analog dmPGE2 engraft more robustly and contribute to greater lymphoid reconstitution. These data provide a mechanism by which biomechanical forces induced by blood flow modulate hematopoietic potential. - AGM from C57BL/6J embryos at 10.5 days gestation (E10.5) were isolated by microdissection from uteri of pregnant dams, following by gentle dissociation by Accutase with agitation at room temperature for 20 minutes. Single cell suspension was seeded on microfluidic IBIDI VI^0.4 6-channel slides (0.8 to 1x10^7 cells per channel) and permitted to attach for 8 hours. Fluid movement was then applied to each channel using a Harvard Apparatus PHD ULTRA programmable syringe pump for manangement of M5300 Myelocult medium. Cells were exposed either to static/low flow (0.0001 dyne/cm^2) or wall shear stress (WSS) of 5 dyne/cm^2 for 6 hours or 36 hours. In addition, some cells were treated with 10 uM indomethacin (indo) to inhibit COX2 activity and PGE2 synthesis. Upon collection of cells with RLT lysis buffer (QIAGEN RNeasy kit), six channels of identical treatment were pooled to comprise a single sample. 24 samples total are included in this study. 12 samples were collected after 6 hours and 12 after 36 hours. In detail, samples included at 6 hours: 3 static, 3 static with indo, 3 WSS, 3 WSS with indo; and at 36 hours: 3 static, 3 static with indo, 3 WSS, 3 WSS with indo. Sample labels begin with the timepoint collected and end with the replicate number, i.e., 06WSS1 for the 6 hour collection of the first replicate of the WSS sample.
2015-04-05 | E-GEOD-62463 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Objective: Shear forces play a key role in the maintenance of vessel wall integrity. Current understanding regarding shear-dependent gene expression is mainly based on in vitro or in vivo observations with experimentally deranged shear, hence reflecting acute molecular events in relation to flow. Our objective was to combine computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations with global microarray analysis to study flow-dependent vessel wall biology in portions of the entire aorta under physiological conditions. Methods and Results: Animal-specific WSS magnitude and vector direction were estimated using CFD based on aortic geometry and flow information acquired by MRI. Two distinct flow pattern regions were identified in the normal rat aorta; the distal part of the inner curvature being exposed to low WSS and a non-uniform vector direction, and a region along the outer curvature being subjected to markedly higher levels of WSS and a uniform vector direction. Microarray analysis identified numerous novel mechanosensitive genes, including Hand2, trpc4 and slain2, and confirmed well-known ones, such as klf2 and BMP4. Three genes were further validated for protein , including Hand2, which showed higher expression in the endothelium in regions exposed to disturbed flow. Gene ontology analysis revealed an over-representation of genes involved in transcriptional regulation.
2012-12-24 | GSE40170 | GEO
Project description:Deregulated oxidative metabolism is a hallmark of leukaemia. While use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib has led to increased survival of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients, it fails to eradicate disease initiating leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Whether TKI-treated CML LSCs remain metabolically deregulated is unknown. Using clinically and physiologically relevant assays we generated multi-omics datasets that offer unprecedented insight into nutrient fate in patient derived CML LSCs. We demonstrate that LSCs have increased glucose anaplerosis when compared to normal hematopoietic stem cells. While imatinib treatment reverses BCR-ABL-mediated LSC metabolic reprogramming, stable isotope-assisted metabolomics revealed that deregulated glucose anaplerosis is unaffected by imatinib. Encouragingly, genetic ablation of glucose anaplerosis sensitises CML cells to imatinib. Finally, we demonstrate that the clinical oral-available inhibitor MSDC-0160 targets glucose anaplerosis in robust pre-clinical CML models. Collectively these results highlight glucose anaplerosis as a persistent and therapeutically targetable vulnerability in imatinib-treated CML patient samples.
2023-06-27 | GSE216837 | GEO
Project description:Biophysical features of the microenvironment such as stiffness of extracellular matrix (ECM), nanotopography, and biomechanical force are critical regulators of cellular potential and behavior, yet the effects of extrinsic mechanical cues on tumor cells remain poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that frictional force, or wall shear stress (WSS), caused by fluid flow supports invasive behavior in cancer cells through activation of negative effectors of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway, YAP and TAZ. In biomimetic models of lymphatic vasculature, WSS stimulated motility. These effects were accompanied by YAP dephosphorylation at ser-127, YAP and TAZ nuclear localization, and transactivation of YAP/TAZ downstream targets, including CTGF, AMOTL2, and ANKRD1. YAP, but not TAZ, was strictly required for WSS-enhanced motility, as knockdown of YAP or blockade of YAP-TEAD interactions by a small molecule inhibitor, verteporfin, reduced cellular velocity to levels observed in static controls. YAP-mediated effects on motility were dependent upon Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) and LIM-domain kinase (LIMK), as pharmacological inhibition of their activity led to activation of the actin-severing protein cofilin and blocked YAP dephosphorylation by WSS, thereby impairing migration. These data provide a signaling mechanism whereby biomechanical forces may influence cancer cell metastasis and implicate YAP as a core component of mechanosensitive machinery that modulates cancer progression.
2017-03-08 | GSE73284 | GEO