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Integrated control of mitochondrial dynamics and cancer cell stemness by σ1 receptor

ABSTRACT: Tumor cells endowed with cardinal stem cell properties are pervasively present in human cancers. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an essential role in metastasis, treatment resistance, and disease recurrence. Therefore, strategies to eradicate CSCs could increase the treatment efficacy and produce more durable clinical remissions in cancer patients. Mitochondrial dynamics is critical for controlling the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive, the link between mitochondria and stemness may provide opportunities for discovering innovative treatment approaches. Here, we provide evidence of a functional link between mitochondria, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and the σ1R receptor (σ1R), a unique ligand-activated chaperon protein residing at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria contact sites. We show that the σ1R/mitochondria/β-catenin axis is crucial for executing the stem cell program and represents a vulnerability in CSCs. Inhibiting σ1R with synthetic antagonists or genetic knockdown disrupts mitochondrial dynamics and Wnt/β-catenin signaling leading to loss of self-renewal and progressive exhaustion of the CSC progeny. Activation of σ1R/mitochondria/β-catenin signaling occurs preferentially in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) compared to hormone-naïve primary tumors and is associated with clinical progression. The critical role of σ1R in controlling the tumor-initiating capability of CSCs provides novel avenues for anticancer drug discovery.mamamilan

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE203198 | GEO | 2025/12/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Increasing evidence suggests that cancer arises from cells that are capable of initiating and sustaining neoplastic tissue growth, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs). Of central scientific and clinical relevance, cells with CSC properties are enriched for chemo- and radiation resistance and therefore may represent a population of cells that must be therapeutically targeted to prevent cancer recurrence/relapse 1. Human CSCs were first isolated in neoplastic hematopoietic tissue that manifests leukemias such as adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) 2. AML stem cells represent a benchmark model of human CSC biology, ultimately motivating foundational studies leading to the identification of CSCs from solid tumours such as breast and colon 3. Independent of tissue type, a consistent feature of CSCs is their uncontrolled self-renewal capacity and differentiation blockade that have been commonly related to aberrant activation of pro-oncogenic events such as dysregulation of CBP/p300 transcriptional regulation involving β-catenin 4. However, the transcriptional networks involving CBP/p300/β-catenin complex have been shown to be equally critical to maintain normal stem cell (SCs) self-renewal for tissue homeostasis and regeneration 5. Here, we identify Sam68 as a distinct target that affords the ability to uniquely regulate CBP mediated transcription in human CSCs. Using a small molecule that targets Sam68, we reveal that shifting its affinity for CBP disrupts CBP/β-catenin complexes, leading to immediate changes in histone H3 (K14 and K18) acetylation. Chemical targeting of Sam68 induced global changes in transcriptional programs of patient AML cells involving apoptosis and differentiation and was able to uniquely reduce neoplastic self-renewal of human CSCs in an in vivo model of patient specific acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Our study establishes an approach whereby the CBP/β-catenin transcriptome can be uniquely targeted via Sam68 based vulnerability of CSCs that impacts neoplastic differentiation and self-renewal.

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Integrated control of mitochondrial dynamics and cancer cell stemness by σ1 receptor

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