Principles of 3D chromosome folding and evolutionary genome reshuffling in mammals
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Notamacropus eugenii Sarcophilus harrisii Orycteropus afer Loxodonta africana
PROVIDER: GSE206075 | GEO | 2022/12/08
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Evidence from a few genes of diverse species suggests that marsupial X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is characterized by exclusive, but leaky, inactivation of the paternally derived X chromosome. To comprehensively study the mechanism of marsupial XCI, we profiled parent-of-origin-specific-allele expression, DNA methylation, and histone modifications in opossum fetal brain and extra-embryonic membranes. The majority (152/176) of X-linked genes exhibited paternally imprinted expression with nearly 100% maternal allele expression, whereas 24 loci (14%) escaped inactivation showing varying levels of biallelic expression. In addition to regulation by the non-coding RSX transcript, strong depletion of H3K27me3 at escaper gene loci indicates that histone states also influence opossum XCI. Notably, the opossum does not show an association between X-linked gene expression and promoter DNA methylation. Our study provides the first comprehensive catalogue of parent-of-origin expression status for X-linked genes in a marsupial and sheds light on the regulation and evolution of imprinted XCI in mammals. Profiling of expression level and allele-specific expression ratios in embryonic day 13 opossum (Monodelphis domestica) fetal brain and extra-embyonic membranes by Illumina RNA-seq
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Project description:Evidence from a few genes of diverse species suggests that marsupial X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is characterized by exclusive, but leaky, inactivation of the paternally derived X chromosome. To comprehensively study the mechanism of marsupial XCI, we profiled parent-of-origin-specific-allele expression, DNA methylation, and histone modifications in opossum fetal brain and extra-embryonic membranes. The majority (152/176) of X-linked genes exhibited paternally imprinted expression with nearly 100% maternal allele expression, whereas 24 loci (14%) escaped inactivation showing varying levels of biallelic expression. In addition to regulation by the non-coding RSX transcript, strong depletion of H3K27me3 at escaper gene loci indicates that histone states also influence opossum XCI. Notably, the opossum does not show an association between X-linked gene expression and promoter DNA methylation. Our study provides the first comprehensive catalogue of parent-of-origin expression status for X-linked genes in a marsupial and sheds light on the regulation and evolution of imprinted XCI in mammals.
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Project description:We describe a Hi-C based method, Micro-C, in which micrococcal nuclease is used instead of restriction enzymes to fragment chromatin, enabling nucleosome resolution chromosome folding maps. Analysis of Micro-C maps for budding yeast reveals abundant self-associating domains similar to those reported in other species, but not previously observed in yeast. These structures, far shorted than topologically-associating domains in mammals, typically encompass one to five genes in yeast. Strong boundaries between self-associating domains occur at promoters of highly transcribed genes, and regions of rapid histone turnover that are typically bound by the RSC chromatin-remodeling complex. Investigation of chromosome folding in mutants confirms roles for RSC, “gene looping” factor Ssu72, Mediator, H3K56 acetyltransferase Rtt109, and N-terminal tail of H4 in folding of the yeast genome. This approach provides detailed structural maps of a eukaryotic genome and our findings provide insights into the machinery underlying chromosome compaction. Chromatin is fragmented by Mnase, subsequenct nucleosomal end repair, and a modified two-step method for purfiying ligation products. Using Illumina paired-end sequencing maps Micro-C library and generates nucleosome resolution contact maps. The readme.txt file contains additional description of how each processed data file was generated.
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