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YTHDF2 inhibition potentiates radiotherapy by reprogramming suppressive myeloid cells [CITE-Seq]

ABSTRACT: RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is implicated in cancer progression. However, the impact of m6A on the antitumor effects of radiotherapy and the related mechanisms are unknown. Here we show that ionizing radiation (IR) induces immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) expansion and YTHDF2 expression in both murine models and humans. Following IR, loss of Ythdf2 in myeloid cells augments antitumor immunity and overcomes tumor radioresistance by altering MDSC differentiation and inhibiting MDSC infiltration and suppressive function. The remodeling of the landscape of MDSC populations by local IR is reversed by Ythdf2 deficiency. IR-induced YTHDF2 expression relies on NF-κB signaling; YTHDF2 in turn leads to NF-κB activation by directly binding and degrading transcripts encoding negative regulators of NF-κB signaling, resulting in an IR-YTHDF2-NF-κB circuit. Pharmacological inhibition of YTHDF2 overcomes MDSC-induced immunosuppression and improves combined IR and/or anti-PD-L1 treatment. Thus, YTHDF2 is a promising target to improve radiotherapy (RT) and RT/immunotherapy combinations.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE206381 | GEO | 2023/04/28

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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YTHDF2 inhibition potentiates radiotherapy by reprogramming suppressive myeloid cells [MeRIP-Seq]

Project description:RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is implicated in cancer progression. However, the impact of m6A on the antitumor effects of radiotherapy and the related mechanisms are unknown. Here we show that ionizing radiation (IR) induces immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) expansion and YTHDF2 expression in both murine models and humans. Following IR, loss of Ythdf2 in myeloid cells augments antitumor immunity and overcomes tumor radioresistance by altering MDSC differentiation and inhibiting MDSC infiltration and suppressive function. The remodeling of the landscape of MDSC populations by local IR is reversed by Ythdf2 deficiency. IR-induced YTHDF2 expression relies on NF-κB signaling; YTHDF2 in turn leads to NF-κB activation by directly binding and degrading transcripts encoding negative regulators of NF-κB signaling, resulting in an IR-YTHDF2-NF-κB circuit. Pharmacological inhibition of YTHDF2 overcomes MDSC-induced immunosuppression and improves combined IR and/or anti-PD-L1 treatment. Thus, YTHDF2 is a promising target to improve radiotherapy (RT) and RT/immunotherapy combinations.

2023-04-28 | GSE206384 | GEO

YTHDF2 inhibition potentiates radiotherapy by reprogramming suppressive myeloid cells [RIP-Seq]

2023-04-28 | GSE206379 | GEO

YTHDF2 inhibition potentiates radiotherapy by reprogramming suppressive myeloid cells [scRNA-Seq]

2023-04-28 | GSE206378 | GEO

YTHDF2/m6A/NF-κB axis controls anti-tumor immunity by regulating intratumoral Tregs

Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in messenger RNA (mRNA) regulates immune cells in homeostasis and in response to infection and inflammation. The function of the m6A reader YTHDF2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in these contexts has not been explored. We discovered that the loss of YTHDF2 in regulatory T (Treg) cells reduces tumor growth in mice. Deletion of Ythdf2 in Tregs does not affect peripheral immune homeostasis but leads to increased apoptosis and impaired suppressive function of Treg cells in the TME. Elevated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling in the TME promotes YTHDF2 expression, which in turn regulates NF-κB signaling by accelerating the degradation of m6 A-modified transcripts that encode NF-κB-negative regulators. This TME-specific regulation of Treg by YTHDF2 points to YTHDF2 as a potential target for anti-cancer immunotherapy, where intratumoral Treg cells can be targeted to enhance anti-tumor immune response while avoiding Treg cells in the periphery to minimize undesired inflammations.

2023-06-06 | GSE216960 | GEO

YTHDF2-m6A-NF-kB axis controls anti-tumor immunity through regulating intratumoral Treg survival and function

Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in messenger RNA (mRNA) regulates immune cells in homeostasis and in response to infection and inflammation. The function of YTHDF2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in these contexts has not been explored. We discovered that loss of Ythdf2 in regulatory T (Treg) cells can reduce tumor growth in mice while maintaining peripheral homeostasis. In the tumor microenvironment, Ythdf2-deficient Treg cells have impaired function and poor survival. The elevated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling in the TME grants the location-specific function of YTHDF2, which participates in the feedback regulation of NF-kB signaling by accelerating the degradation of m6A-modified, NF-kB negative regulators, Nlrc3, Nfkbie, and Traf3. TME-specific regulation of Treg by YTHDF2 points to YTHDF2 as a target for anti-cancer immunotherapy, where intratumoral Treg cells can be targeted to enhance antitumor immune response, while avoiding Treg cells in the periphery to minimize undesired inflammations.

2023-06-07 | GSE230418 | GEO

YTHDF2-m6A-NF-kB axis controls anti-tumor immunity through regulating intratumoral Treg survival and function [RIP-seq]

Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in messenger RNA (mRNA) regulates immune cells in homeostasis and in response to infection and inflammation. The function of YTHDF2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in these contexts has not been explored. We discovered that loss of Ythdf2 in regulatory T (Treg) cells can reduce tumor growth in mice while maintaining peripheral homeostasis. In the tumor microenvironment, Ythdf2-deficient Treg cells have impaired function and poor survival. The elevated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling in the TME grants the location-specific function of YTHDF2, which participates in the feedback regulation of NF-kB signaling by accelerating the degradation of m6A-modified, NF-kB negative regulators, Nlrc3, Nfkbie, and Traf3. TME-specific regulation of Treg by YTHDF2 points to YTHDF2 as a target for anti-cancer immunotherapy, where intratumoral Treg cells can be targeted to enhance antitumor immune response, while avoiding Treg cells in the periphery to minimize undesired inflammations.

2023-06-07 | GSE216958 | GEO

YTHDF2-m6A-NF-kB axis controls anti-tumor immunity through regulating intratumoral Treg survival and function [RNA-seq]

Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in messenger RNA (mRNA) regulates immune cells in homeostasis and in response to infection and inflammation. The function of YTHDF2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in these contexts has not been explored. We discovered that loss of Ythdf2 in regulatory T (Treg) cells can reduce tumor growth in mice while maintaining peripheral homeostasis. In the tumor microenvironment, Ythdf2-deficient Treg cells have impaired function and poor survival. The elevated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling in the TME grants the location-specific function of YTHDF2, which participates in the feedback regulation of NF-kB signaling by accelerating the degradation of m6A-modified, NF-kB negative regulators, Nlrc3, Nfkbie, and Traf3. TME-specific regulation of Treg by YTHDF2 points to YTHDF2 as a target for anti-cancer immunotherapy, where intratumoral Treg cells can be targeted to enhance antitumor immune response, while avoiding Treg cells in the periphery to minimize undesired inflammations.

2023-06-07 | GSE216959 | GEO

Tumor-derived prostaglandin E2 promotes p50 NF-κB-dependent differentiation of monocytic MDSC.

Project description:Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) include immature monocytic (M-MDSC) and granulocytic (PMN-MDSC) cells that share the ability to suppress adaptive immunity and hinder the effectiveness of anti-cancer treatments. Of note, in response to interferon-γ (IFNγ) M-MDSC release the tumor-promoting and immunosuppressive molecule nitric oxide (NO), whereas macrophages largely express anti-tumor properties. Investigating these opposing activities, we found that tumor-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induces nuclear accumulation of p50 NF-κB in M-MDSC, diverting their response to IFNγ towards NO-mediated immunosuppression and reducing TNFα expression. At the genome level, p50 NF-κB promoted binding of STAT1 to regulatory regions of selected IFNγ-dependent genes, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (Nos2). In agreement, ablation of p50 as well as pharmacological inhibition of either the PGE2 receptor EP2 or NO production reprogrammed M-MDSC towards a NOS2low/TNFαhigh phenotype, restoring the in vivo antitumor activity of IFNγ. Our results indicate that inhibition of the PGE2/p50/NO axis prevents MDSC suppressive functions and restores the efficacy of anticancer immunotherapy.

2020-05-15 | GSE84468 | GEO

m6A-dependent regulation of messenger RNA stability

Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal modification present in the mRNA of all higher eukaryotes. Here we present that m6A is selectively recognized by human YTH domain family (YTHDF2) protein to regulate mRNA degradation. By using crosslinking and immunoprecipitation, we have identified over 4000 substrate RNA of YTHDF2 with conserved core motif of G(m6A)C. We further estabilshed the role of YTHDF2 in RNA metabolism by a combination of ribosome profiling, RNA sequencing, m6A level quantification and cell-based imaging: the C-terminal domain of YTHDF2 selectively binds to m6A of mRNA and the N-terminal domain is responsive for localizing mRNA from translatable pool to processing body where mRNA decay occurs. PAR-CLIP and RIP was used to identify YTHDF2 binding sites followed by ribosome profling and RNA seq to assess the consequences of YTHDF2 siRNA knock-down

2013-11-29 | E-GEOD-49339 | biostudies-arrayexpress

m6A meRIP-Seq from Ythdf2CTL pre-leukemic cells

Project description:The mRNA m6A reader YTHDF2 is overexpressed in a broad spectrum of human acute myeloid leukemias (AML). To understand the role of YTHDF2 in AML, we generated m6A meRIP-seq libraries form Ythdf2fl/fl (Ythdf2CTL) pre-leukemic cells.

2019-04-05 | E-MTAB-6791 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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