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Stable methylation loci are associated with systolic blood pressure in a Croatian island population

ABSTRACT: Adriatic islanders have a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome that is not fully explained by previous behavioral, dietary, and genetic studies. Some DNA methylation remains stable and may be established in early life, whereas others are dynamic and may vary over time in response to different conditions. The objective of the present study was to identify stable and dynamic DNA methylation loci associated with cardiometabolic traits among the populations from the island of Hvar, the largest island in the eastern Adriatic coast. An epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) was conducted using peripheral blood that was longitudinally collected at two time points, 10 years apart. DNA methylation was analyzed via Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadArray. Stable and dynamic loci were identified using linear mixed models. A total of 43,041 loci were classified as stable, while 45,769 loci were classified as dynamic. Associations between various cardiometabolic traits and stable and dynamic methylation loci were respectively assessed using linear mixed effects models adjusted for age, sex, and smoking status. After adjustment for false-discovery rate, 24 CpG loci were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (Q < 0.1), of which 22 were stable loci and 2 were dynamic loci; while 12/22 (55%) of the systolic blood-pressure-associated stable loci resided in a gene promoter. Additionally, there was one stable locus associated with serum calcium and one with C-reactive protein. The results suggest that multiple genes involved in the determination of systolic blood pressure may be regulated via epigenetic programming established in early life.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE207927 | GEO | 2023/01/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:DNA methylation (DNAm) plays diverse roles in human biology, but this dynamic epigenetic mark remains far from fully characterized. Although earlier studies uncovered loci that undergo age-associated DNAm changes in adults, little is known about such changes during childhood. Despite profound DNAm plasticity during embryogenesis and early development, monozygotic twins show indistinguishable childhood methylation, suggesting DNAm is highly coordinated during the pediatric period. Here we examine the methylation of 27,578 CpG dinucleotides in peripheral blood DNA from 398 boys, aged 3 to 17 years, and find significant age-associated changes in DNAm at 2,078 loci. We report a deficit of such loci on the X chromosome, a preference for specific nucleotides immediately surrounding the interrogated CpG dinucleotide, and a primary association with developmental and immune ontological functions. These pediatric age-associated loci overlap significantly with those previously identified in adults (p < 0.001) but most of the pediatric loci are unique, suggesting many are childhood-specific. Meta-analysis (n = 1080) with two adult studies reveals that the methylation changes in 29.5% of the age-associated pediatric loci follow a linear pattern from childhood into adulthood; however, we also find a three-fold higher rate of change in children compared with adults and that a higher proportion of lifelong changes are more accurately modeled as a function of logarithmic age. We therefore conclude that DNAm changes occur more rapidly during childhood and are imperfectly accounted for by statistical corrections that are linear in age, further suggesting that future DNAm studies are matched closely for age. Age associated DNA methylation was evaluated at each CpG locus using a fixed-effects linear regression model adjusting for BeadChip as a covariate to account for batch effects. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted for each CpG locus to assess the age affect at each CpG locus which was subsequently corrected for multiple hypotheses using a Benjamini-Hochberg FDR. SUPPLEMENTARY FILES: * Matrix_AllSampleDetection.txt: Detection P-values for each sample and each loci * Matrix_AllSampleSignal.txt: Signal for Probe A and Probe B for each sample and each loci * Matrix_Non-Normalized_AllSampleBeta.txt: Beta values calculated using GenomeStudio v2010.3 Methylation Module 1.8.5 as Signal of Probe B / (Signal of Probe A + Signal of Probe B + 100) * Matrix_Normalized_AllSampleBetaPrime.txt: Beta Prime values used for analysis calculated from the Probe B and Probe A signals as Beta Prime = Signal of Probe B / (Signal of Probe A + Signal of Probe A)

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Stable methylation loci are associated with systolic blood pressure in a Croatian island population

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