Hippocampal cells multiplex positive and negative engrams
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE208137 | GEO | 2022/07/19
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:The hippocampus is involved in processing a variety of mnemonic computations including the spatiotemporal components, as well as the corresponding emotional dimensions, of contextual memory.1-3 Recent studies have demonstrated vast structural and functional heterogeneity along the dorsal-ventral axis1,5 of the hippocampus, and while much is known about how the dorsal hippocampus processes spatial-temporal content, much less is known about whether or not the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) partitions positive and negative experiences into distinct sets of cells.4-9 Here, we combine transgenic and all-virus based activity-dependent tagging strategies to visualize multiple valence-specific engrams in the vHPC and demonstrate two partially segregated cell populations and projections that respond to positive and negative experiences. Next, using an RNA sequencing approach, we find that vHPC positive and negative engram cells display distinct transcriptional programs compared to a neutral engram population. Additionally, while optogenetic manipulation of tagged cell bodies in vHPC is not sufficient to drive preference or avoidance, stimulation of tagged vHPC terminals projecting to the amygdala and nucleus accumbens (NAc), but not the prefrontal cortex (PFC), drives preference and avoidance. These terminals also can undergo a “switch” or “reset” in their capacity to drive either, thereby demonstrating their flexible contributions to behavior. We conclude that the vHPC contains genetically, cellularly, and behaviorally distinct populations of cells processing positive and negative memory engrams. Together, our findings provide a novel means by which to visualize multiple engrams within the same brain and point to their unique genetic signatures as reference maps for the future development of new therapeutic strategies.
2022-07-13 | GSE198731 | GEO
Project description:The ventral hippocampus (vHPC) is a critical hub in networks that process emotional information. While recent studies have indicated that vHPC projection neurons are functionally dissociable, the basic principles of how the inputs and outputs of the vHPC are organized remain unclear. Here we used viral and sequencing approaches to define the logic of the extended vHPC circuit. Through molecular profiling of vHPC projection neurons, we show that vHPC neurons with distinct projection targets differ in their transcriptional signatures.
2020-08-03 | GSE150869 | GEO
Project description:Hippocampal cells multiplex positive and negative engrams
| PRJNA816561 | ENA
Project description:People with schizophrenia show hyperactivity in the ventral hippocampus (vHipp) and we have previously demonstrated distinct behavioral roles for vHipp cell populations. Here, we test the hypothesis that parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SST) interneurons differentially innervate and regulate hippocampal pyramidal neurons based on their projection target. First, we use eGRASP to show that PV-positive interneurons form a similar number of synaptic connections with pyramidal cells regardless of their projection target while SST-positive interneurons preferentially target nucleus accumbens (NAc) projections. To determine if these anatomical differences result in functional changes, we used in vivo opto-electrophysiology to show that SST cells also preferentially regulate the activity of NAc-projecting cells. These results suggest vHipp interneurons differentially regulate that vHipp neurons that project to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and NAc. Characterization of these cell populations may provide potential molecular targets for the treatment schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders associated with vHipp dysfunction.
2023-11-09 | GSE244159 | GEO
Project description:The Hippocampus Consortium data set provides estimates of mRNA expression in the adult hippocampus of 99 genetically diverse strains of mice including 67 BXD recombinant inbred strains, 13 CXB recombinant inbred strains, a diverse set of common inbred strains, and two reciprocal F1 hybrids. The hippocampus is an important and intriguing part of the forebrain that is crucial in memory formation and retrieval, and that is often affected in epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia. Unlike most other parts of the brain, the hippocampus contains a remarkable population of stems cells that continue to generate neurons and glial cells even in adult mammals (Kempermann, 2005). This genetic analysis of transcript expression in the hippocampus (dentate gyrus, CA1-CA3) is a joint effort of 14 investigators that is supported by numerous agencies described in the acknowledgments section.
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Project description:We analyzed the binding profiles of MEF2D, a member of MEF2 family transcription factors, in rat hippocampal neurons. Keywords: ChIP-chip We used custom-designed rat genome tiling array manufactured by Nimblegen Systems, Inc . This array contains probes that represent the following rat genomic regions: 182 genes identified by mRNA profiling experiments, 86 genes whose expression was decreased by both KCl-mediated depolarization and MEF2 RNAi, and 40 control genes whose expression was not altered by MEF2 RNAi or MEF2-VP16-ER. The array not only covers the entire gene regions but also contains probes that correspond to the 40 kb 5â²and 3â² to each gene. Repeatmasking was conducted by Nimblegen to ensure that repetitive elements were not tiled on the microarray. Probe length and spacing between the probes were 50-75mer and 50 bp, respectively.
2010-05-06 | E-GEOD-13551 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The Hippocampus Consortium data set provides estimates of mRNA expression in the adult hippocampus of 99 genetically diverse strains of mice including 67 BXD recombinant inbred strains, 13 CXB recombinant inbred strains, a diverse set of common inbred strains, and two reciprocal F1 hybrids. The hippocampus is an important and intriguing part of the forebrain that is crucial in memory formation and retrieval, and that is often affected in epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia. Unlike most other parts of the brain, the hippocampus contains a remarkable population of stems cells that continue to generate neurons and glial cells even in adult mammals (Kempermann, 2005). This genetic analysis of transcript expression in the hippocampus (dentate gyrus, CA1-CA3) is a joint effort of 14 investigators that is supported by numerous agencies described in the acknowledgments section. Pooled RNA samples (usually one pool of male hippocampii and one pool of female hippocampii) were prepared using standard protocols. Samples were processed using a total of 206 Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Expression 430 2.0 short oligomer arrays (MOE430 2.0 or M430v2; see GEO platform ID GPL1261), of which 201 passed quality control and error checking. This particular data set was processed using the PDNN protocol. To simplify comparisons among transforms, PDNN values of each array were adjusted to an average of 8 units and a standard deviation of 2 units.
2016-07-26 | E-GEOD-84767 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells are a transient type of neurons that populate the postnatal hippocampus. The role of transient cell types and circuits have been vastly addressed in neocortical regions, but poorly studied in the hippocampus. To understand how CR cells persistence influences the maturation of hippocampal circuits, we specifically ablated CR cells from the postnatal hippocampus.
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Project description:The CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is key to chromatin conformational changes that promote cellular diversity, but nothing is known about its role in neurons. Here we produced mice with a conditional knockout (cKO) of CTCF in postmitotic projection neurons, mostly in the dorsal telencephalon. 390 transcripts were expressed at significantly different levels between CTCF-deficient and control cortex and hippocampus.
2012-07-26 | GSE38673 | GEO
Project description:Prion diseases typically have long pre-clinical incubation periods during which time the infectious prion particle and infectivity steadily propagate in the brain. Abnormal neuritic sprouting and synaptic deficits are apparent during pre-clinical disease, however, gross neuronal loss is not detected until the onset of the clinical phase. The molecular events that accompany early neuronal damage and ultimately conclude with neuronal death remain obscure. In this study, we used laser capture microdissection to isolate hippocampal CA1 neurons and then determined their pre-clinical transcriptional response during infection. We found that gene expression within these neurons is dynamic and characterized by distinct phases of activity. A major cluster of genes is altered during pre-clinical disease after which expression either returns to basal levels, or alternatively undergoes a direct reversal during clinical disease. Strikingly, we show that this cluster contains a signature highly reminiscent of synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor signaling and the activation of neuroprotective pathways. Additionally, genes involved in neuronal projection and dendrite development were also altered throughout the disease, culminating in a general decline of gene expression for synaptic proteins. Similarly, deregulated miRNAs such as miR-132-3p, miR-124a-3p, miR-16-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-29a-3p and miR-140-5p follow concomitant patterns of expression. This is the first in depth genomic study describing the pre-clinical response of hippocampal neurons to early prion replication. Our findings suggest that prion replication results in the persistent stimulation of a programmed response, at least in part mediated by synaptic NMDA receptor activity that initially promotes cell survival and neurite remodelling. However, this response is terminated prior to the onset of clinical symptoms in the infected hippocampus, seemingly pointing to a critical juncture in the disease. Manipulation of these early neuroprotective pathways may redress the balance between degeneration and survival, providing a potential inroad for treatment. The CA1 hippocampal region was dissected out using LCM and RNA was extracted from these samples. In total, 6 different time points were screened for both RNA and miRNA expression levels in prion infected and control animals. Gene expression profiles from 6 time points (n M-bM-^IM-% 2) were determined using whole mouse 4x44K arrays. We successfully validated a subset of candidate genes that were deregulated during early prion disease. We performed a similar assessment of temporal miRNAs expression levels throughout the infection using the TLDA platform which was further validated by individual real-time PCR assays. In parallel, immunoctyochemistry was used to characterize the cellular presence of astrocytes, microglial and neurons in the CA1 region throughout the disease which correlated well with both mRNA and miRNA expression profiles. Staining for the PrPRes and neuronal toxicity levels was also performed to determine the spatial and temporal PrPRes deposition and assess the level of neuronal death that occurs in the hippocampus, respectively. Using bioinformatic methods, potential pathways that were implicated by our data to be deregulated during early prion disease were presented while potential miRNA regulation of some of these candidate genes implicated in these pathways was also included.
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