Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

0 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Increasing cell size remodels the proteome and promotes senescence

ABSTRACT: Cell size is tightly controlled in healthy tissues, but it is unclear how deviations in cell size affect cell physiology. To address this, we measured how the proteome changes with cell size. Protein concentration changes are widespread and predicted by subcellular localization, size-dependent mRNA concentrations, and protein turnover. As proliferating cells grow larger, concentration changes associated with cellular senescence are increasingly pronounced, suggesting that large size may be a cause rather than just a consequence of cell senescence. Consistent with this hypothesis, larger cells are prone to replicative, DNA damage-, and CDK4/6i-induced senescence. Size-dependent changes to the proteome, including those associated with senescence, are not observed when an increase in cell size is accompanied by an increase in ploidy. Together, our findings show how cell size could impact many aspects of cell physiology through remodeling the proteome and provide a rationale for cell size control and polyploidization.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens Drosophila melanogaster

PROVIDER: GSE208348 | GEO | 2022/08/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Dataset's files

Source:

			Action	DRS
		Other

Items per page:

1 - 1 of 1

Similar Datasets

Genome dilution by cell growth drives starvation-like proteome remodeling in mammalian and yeast cells

Project description:Cell size is tightly controlled in healthy tissues and single-celled organisms, but it remains unclear how cell size influences physiology. Increasing cell size was recently shown to remodel the proteomes of cultured human cells, demonstrating that large and small cells of the same type can be compositionally different. Here, we utilize the natural heterogeneity of hepatocyte ploidy and yeast genetics to establish that ploidy-to-cell size ratio is a highly conserved determinant of proteome composition. In both mammalian and yeast cells, genome dilution by cell growth elicits a starvation-like phenotype, suggesting that growth in large cells is restricted by genome concentration in manner that mimics a limiting nutrient. Moreover, genome dilution explains some proteomic changes ascribed to yeast aging. Overall, our data indicate that genome concentration drives changes in cell composition independently of external environmental cues.

2024-06-05 | GSE269091 | GEO

E-PROT-75

Project description:Proteome changes during mouse brain ageing

2022-01-14 | E-PROT-75 | ExpressionAtlas

Increasing cell size remodels the proteome and promotes senescence

Project description:Increasing cell size remodels the proteome and promotes senescence

| PRJNA859518 | ENA

Genome dilution by cell growth drives starvation-like proteome remodeling in yeast and mammalian cells

2024-06-05 | PXD052786 | Pride

Genome concentration limits cell growth and modulates proteome composition in Escherichia coli

Project description:Defining the cellular factors that drive growth rate and proteome composition is essential for understanding and manipulating cellular systems. In bacteria, ribosome concentration is known to be a constraining factor of cell growth rate, while gene concentration is usually assumed not to be limiting. Here, using single-molecule tracking, quantitative single-cell microscopy, and modeling, we show that genome dilution in Escherichia coli cells arrested for DNA replication results in a decrease in the concentration of active RNA polymerases and ribosomes. The resulting sub-linear scaling of total active RNA polymerases and ribosomes with cell size leads to sub-exponential growth, even within physiological cell sizes. Cell growth rate scales proportionally with the total number of active ribosomes in a DNA concentration-dependent manner. Tandem-mass-tag mass spectrometry experiments further revealed that a decrease in DNA-to-cell-volume ratio also incrementally remodels proteome composition with cell size. Altogether, our findings indicate that genome concentration is an important driver of exponential cell growth and a global modulator of proteome composition in E. coli. Comparison with studies on eukaryotic cells suggests DNA concentration-dependent scaling principles of gene expression across domains of life.

2024-09-01 | GSE261497 | GEO

Project description:Comparative Anatomical and Transcriptomics Reveal the Larger Cell Size as a Major Contributor to Larger Fruit Size in Apricot

| PRJNA931767 | ENA

Proteome-scale movements and compartment connectivity during the eukaryotic cell cycle

Project description:Cell cycle progression relies on coordinated changes in the composition and subcellular localization of the proteome. By applying two distinct convolutional neural networks on images of millions of live yeast cells, we resolved proteome-level dynamics in both concentration and localization during the cell cycle, with resolution of ~20 subcellular localization classes. We show that a quarter of the proteome displays cell cycle periodicity, with proteins tending to be controlled either at the level of localization or concentration, but not both. Distinct levels of protein regulation are preferentially utilized for different aspects of the cell cycle, with changes in protein concentration being mostly involved in cell cycle control, while changes in protein localization in the biophysical implementation of the cell cycle program. We present a resource for exploring global proteome dynamics during the cell cycle, which will aid in understanding a fundamental biological process at a systems level.

2024-02-29 | GSE240513 | GEO

Somatic polyploidy supports biosynthesis and tissue function by increasing transcriptional output [ChIP-seq]

Project description:Cell size and biosynthetic capacity generally increase with increased DNA content. Somatic polyploidy has therefore been proposed to be an adaptive strategy to increase cell size in specialized tissues with high biosynthetic demands. However, if and how DNA concentration limits cellular biosynthesis in vivo is not well understood. Here, we show that polyploidy in the C. elegans intestine is critical for cell growth and yolk biosynthesis, a central role of this organ. Artificially lowering the DNA/cytoplasm ratio by reducing polyploidization in the intestine gave rise to smaller cells with dilute mRNA. Highly-expressed transcripts were more sensitive to this mRNA dilution, whereas lowly-expressed genes were partially compensated – in part by loading more RNA Polymerase II on the remaining genomes. Polyploidy-deficient animals produced fewer and slower growing offspring, consistent with reduced synthesis of highly-expressed yolk proteins. DNA-dilute cells had normal total protein concentration, which we propose is achieved by increasing expression of translational machinery at the expense of specialized, cell-type specific proteins.

2024-11-03 | GSE280912 | GEO

Somatic polyploidy supports biosynthesis and tissue function by increasing transcriptional output [RNA-seq]

2024-11-03 | GSE280911 | GEO

Transcription profiling of transgenic mice constitutively active for caPI3K and dominant-negative forms of PI3K (dnPI3K) to test if the insulin/IGF-IRS-PI3K-Akt determines organ size in vertebrates

Project description:The insulin/IGF-IRS-PI3K-Akt pathway is highly conserved in evolution. To test whether this signaling cascade determines organ size in vertebrates, we have recently created mouse lines transgenic for constitutively active (caPI3K) and dominant-negative forms of PI3K (dnPI3K) (Shioi et al., 2000). Transgene expression is driven by the cardiac-specific a -myosin heavy chain (MHC) promoter. Both transgenic lines are characterized by moderate but highly consistent changes in heart size, despite the fact that body weight and the size of other organs are completely normal. caPI3K transgenic animals have hearts 20% larger than those of wild type littermates, whereas dnPI3K mice have hearts that are 17% smaller. The observed changes in heart size correlate with an appropriate increase or decrease in the size of transgenic cardiomyocytes. These hearts do not have cardiomyopathic changes, since the contractile function of transgenic hearts is normal, and signs of necrosis, apoptosis, or interstitial fibrosis are absent (see Physiology). These data suggest an autonomous role for PI3K in cell size regulation. Our goal is now to determine how activation of this system translates into changes in cell size by identifying the trigger and components of this signaling cascade. Heterozygous caPI3K (constitutively active PI3K) and dnPI3K (dominant-negative PI3K) transgenic female mice (5-14 months) compared with non-transgenic littermates. Transgene expression driven by the a -myosin heavy chain (a -MHC) promoter.

2007-12-13 | E-GEOD-558 | biostudies-arrayexpress

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data