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CRISPR/Cas9 dropout screen in two glioblastoma stem cell lines with a domain-focused sgRNA library targeting 1387 human proteins involved in epigenetic regulation.

ABSTRACT: Poor survival and lack of response to current treatment modalities in adult human glioblastomas is attributed to the persistence of a subpopulation of glioma stem cells (GSCs). To identify novel approaches to therapeutically target GSCs, we performed CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screens in GSCs and identified the kinase TAK1 as an important selective survival factor in 50% of the tested GSCs. In sensitive cells, knockout of TAK1 leads to induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis via the RIPK1/Caspase 8/FADD complex due to constitutive, low-level secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) and stimulation of TNF receptor 1. Furthermore, we show that expression of genes involved in immune signaling and a mesenchymal signature predict the sensitivity and response of GSCs to TAK1 inhibition. In summary, we have identified TAK1 as a new therapeutic target for mesenchymal GBM and a potential gene signature for selection of patients benefitting from TAK1 targeted therapy.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE208696 | GEO | 2023/07/21

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Baseline RNA-sequencing data of 12 glioblastoma stem cell lines sensitive or resistant to TAK1 inhibition

Project description:Poor survival and lack of response to current treatment modalities in adult human glioblastomas is attributed to the persistence of a subpopulation of glioma stem cells (GSCs). To identify novel approaches to therapeutically target GSCs, we performed CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screens in GSCs and identified the kinase TAK1 as an important selective survival factor in 50% of the tested GSCs. In sensitive cells, knockout of TAK1 leads to induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis via the RIPK1/Caspase 8/FADD complex due to constitutive, low-level secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) and stimulation of TNF receptor 1. Furthermore, we show that expression of genes involved in immune signaling and a mesenchymal signature predict the sensitivity and response of GSCs to TAK1 inhibition. In summary, we have identified TAK1 as a new therapeutic target for mesenchymal GBM and a potential gene signature for selection of patients benefitting from TAK1 targeted therapy.

2023-07-21 | GSE208697 | GEO

Quantitative Phospho-proteomic Analysis of TNFα/NFκB Signaling Reveals a Role for RIPK1 Phosphorylation in Suppressing Necrotic Cell Death

Project description:TNFα is a potent inducer of inflammation due to its ability to promote gene expression, inpart via the NFκB pathway. Moreover, in some contexts, TNFα promotes Caspase-dependent apoptosis or RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL-dependent necrosis. Engagement of the TNF Receptor Signaling Complex (TNF-RSC), which contains multiple kinase activities, promotes phosphorylation of several downstream components, including TAK1, IKKα/IKKβ, IκBα and NFκB. However, immediate downstream phosphorylation events occurring in response to TNFα signaling are poorly understood at a proteome-wide level. Here we use Tandem mass tagging-based proteomics to quantitatively characterize acute TNFα-mediated alterations in the proteome and phosphoproteome with or without inhibition of the cIAP-dependent survival arm of the pathway with a SMAC mimetic. We identify and quantify over 8,000 phosphorylated peptides, among which are numerous known sites in the TNF-RSC, NFκB, and MAP kinase signaling systems, as well as numerous previously unrecognized phosphorylation events. Functional analysis of S320 phosphorylation in RIPK1 demonstrates a role for this event in suppressing its kinase activity, association with CASPASE-8 and FADD proteins, and subsequent necrotic cell death during inflammatory TNFα stimulation. This study provides a resource for further elucidation of TNFα-dependent signaling pathways.

2017-05-30 | PXD006055 | Pride

Proteomic analysis of TRAIL-induced endogenous RIPK3-dependent necrosome complex

Project description:Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a well-known inducer of apoptosis via formation of the primary death-inducing signaling complex (TRAIL-DISC) at the level of membrane death receptors (DR4 and DR5) which recruit successively FADD and caspase-8. TRAIL can also induce necroptosis when caspases are inhibited. Necroptosis is a regulated cell death dependent on the formation of a cytosolic necrosome complex which includes RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL proteins. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in TRAIL-induced necroptosis might provide new insights into the TRAIL death signaling pathway. Here, we report the analysis by mass spectrometry of endogenous RIPK3-dependent necrosome complex constituents upon necroptosis induced by TRAIL/z-VAD/Birinapant (TzB) in HT29 cells. Besides characterization of RIPK1, RIPK3, MLKL, FADD, caspase-8, we find TRIM21 as a new constituent of the necrosome complex. Moreover RIPK1, RIPK3, MLKL, P-MLKL, FADD, caspase-8 and TRIM21 are also found associated to the native TRAIL-DISC upon TzB stimulation showing initiation of the necrotic pathway at the level of TRAIL death receptors in HT29 cells. Finally, TRIM21 may positively modulate necroptosis induction by downregulating NF-kB activation.

2021-03-18 | PXD003383 | Pride

Ptpn6 inhibits caspase-8- and Ripk3/Mlkl-dependent inflammation

Project description:Ptpn6 is a cytoplasmic phosphatase that functions to prevent autoimmune disease and IL-1R-dependent caspase-1-independent inflammatory disease. Conditional deletion of Ptpn6 in neutrophils (Ptpn6∆PMN) is sufficient to initiate IL-1R-dependent cutaneous inflammatory disease, but the source of IL-1 and the mechanisms behind IL-1 release remain unclear. Here, we investigated the mechanisms controlling IL-1α/β release from neutrophils by inhibiting caspase-8-dependent apoptosis and Ripk1/Ripk3/Mlkl-regulated necroptosis. Loss of Ripk1 accelerated disease onset, whereas combined deletion of caspase-8 and either Ripk3 or Mlkl strongly protected Ptpn6∆PMN mice. Ptpn6∆PMN neutrophils displayed increased p38-dependent Ripk1-independent IL-1 and TNF production, and were prone to cell death. Together, these data emphasize dual functions for Ptpn6 in the negative regulation of p38 MAP kinase activation to control TNF and IL-1α/β transcription, and in maintaining Ripk1 function to prevent caspase-8- and Ripk3/Mlkl-dependent cell death and concomitant IL-1α/β release.

2019-11-12 | GSE139223 | GEO

Integration of Innate 1 Immune Signaling by Caspase-8-Mediated Cleavage of N4BP1 (NGS3269 RNA-seq)

Project description:Human mutations in the death receptor Fas or its ligand FasL cause autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS), whereas mutations in caspase-8 or its adaptor FADD â which mediate cell death downstream of Fas/FasL â cause severe immunodeficiency in addition to ALPS. Mouse models have corroborated a role for FADD-caspase-8 in promoting inflammatory responses, but the mechanisms underlying immunodeficiency remain undefined. Here, we identify NEDD4-binding protein 1 (N4BP1) as a suppressor of cytokine production that is cleaved and inactivated by caspase-8. N4BP1 deletion in mice significantly increased production of select cytokines upon Toll-like receptor (TLR) 1/2, TLR7, or TLR9 stimulation, but not upon TLR3 or TLR4 engagement. N4BP1 did not suppress TLR3 or TLR4 responses in wild-type macrophages owing to TRIF- and caspase-8-dependent cleavage of N4BP1. Notably, impaired TLR3 and TLR4 cytokine responses of caspase-8-deficient macrophages were largely rescued by co-deletion of N4BP1. Thus, persistence of intact N4BP1 in caspase-8-deficient macrophages impairs their ability to mount robust cytokine responses. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), like TLR3 or TLR4 agonists, also induced caspase-8-dependent cleavage of N4BP1, thereby licensing TRIF-independent TLRs to produce higher levels of inflammatory cytokines. Illustrating the importance of this function of TNF in vivo, TNF blockade increased the mortality of mice infected with Streptococcus Pneumoniae, but did not do so when infected mice lacked N4BP1. Collectively, our results identify N4BP1 as a potent suppressor of cytokine responses; reveal N4BP1 cleavage by Caspase-8 as a point of signal integration during inflammation; and offer an explanation for immunodeficiency caused by FADD-caspase-8 mutations.

2020-09-10 | GSE157786 | GEO

Integration of Innate 1 Immune Signaling by Caspase-8-Mediated Cleavage of N4BP1 (NGS2979 RNA-seq)

2020-09-09 | GSE148066 | GEO

TBK1 suppresses RIPK1-driven apoptosis and inflammation during development and in aging

Project description:Aging is a major risk factor for both genetic and sporadic neurodegenerative disorders. However, it is unclear how aging interacts with genetic predispositions to promote neurodegeneration. Here we investigate how partial loss-of-function of TBK1, a major genetic cause for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) comorbidity, leads to age-dependent neurodegeneration. We show that TBK1 is an endogenous inhibitor of RIPK1 and the embryonic lethality of Tbk1-/- mice is dependent on RIPK1 kinase activity. In aging human brains, another endogenous RIPK1 inhibitor, TAK1, exhibits a marked decrease in expression. We show that in Tbk1+/- mice, the reduced myeloid TAK1 expression promotes all the key hallmarks of ALS/FTD, including neuroinflammation, TDP-43 aggregation, axonal degeneration, neuronal loss and behavior deficits, which are blocked upon inhibition of RIPK1. Thus, aging facilitates RIPK1 activation by reducing TAK1 expression, which cooperates with genetic risk factors to promote the onset of ALS/FTD.

2018-07-04 | GSE116613 | GEO

Hepatocyte-Specific TAK1 Deficiency Drives RIPK1 Kinase-dependent Inflammation to Promote Liver Fibrosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Project description:Transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase1 (TAK1) encoded by the gene MAP3K7 regulates multiple important downstream effectors involved in immune response, cell death and carcinogenesis. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of TAK1 in Tak1_Hep mice promotes liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) formation. Here, we report that genetic inactivation of RIPK1 kinase using kinase dead knock-in D138N mutation in Tak1_Hep mice inhibits the expression of liver tumor biomarkers, liver fibrosis and HCC formation. Inhibition of RIPK1, however, has no or minimum effect on hepatocyte loss and compensatory proliferation, which are the recognized factors important for liver fibrosis and HCC development. Using single cell RNA-seq, we discover that inhibition of RIPK1 strongly suppresses inflammation induced by hepatocyte-specific loss of TAK1. Activation of RIPK1 promotes the transcription of key proinflammatory cytokines, such as CCL2, and CCR2+ macrophage infiltration. Our study demonstrates the role and mechanism of RIPK1 kinase in promoting inflammation, both cell-autonomously and cell-non-autonomously, in the development of liver fibrosis and HCC, independent of cell death and compensatory proliferation. We suggest the possibility of inhibiting RIPK1 kinase as a therapeutic strategy for reducing liver fibrosis and HCC development by inhibiting inflammation.

2020-07-08 | GSE148859 | GEO

RIPK1 plays a crucial role in maintaining regulatory T cell homeostasis by inhibiting both RIPK3 and FADD-mediated cell death

Project description:Regulatory T (Treg) cells are a critical for maintaining immune balance in various physiological and pathological conditions. However, the mechanisms underlying Treg homeostasis remain incompletely understood. In this study, we demonstrated that RIPK1 is crucial for Treg cell survival and homeostasis. We generated mice with Treg cell-specific ablation of Ripk1 and found that these mice developed fatal systemic autoimmunity due to a dramatic reduction in the number of Treg cell caused by excessive cell death. Unlike conventional T cells, Treg cells with Ripk1 deficiency were only partially rescued from cell death by blocking the FADD pathway. However, simultaneous removal of both Fadd and Ripk3 completely restored the number of Ripk1-deficient Treg cells by blocking cell death. Our results demonstrated that RIPK1 plays a critical role in regulating Treg cell survival by controlling both necroptosis and apoptosis. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of Treg cell homeostasis and suggest potential therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases.

2023-10-31 | GSE230483 | GEO

TNFR2 induced priming of the inflammasome leads to a RIPK1-dependent cell death in the absence of XIAP

Project description:The pediatric immune deficiency X-linked proliferative disease-2 (XLP-2) is a unique disease, with patients presenting with either hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) or intestinal bowel disease (IBD). Interestingly, XLP-2 patients display high levels of IL-18 in the serum even while in stable condition, presumably through spontaneous inflammasome activation. Recent data suggests that LPS stimulation can trigger inflammasome activation through a TNFR2/TNF/TNFR1 mediated loop in xiap−/− macrophages. Yet, the direct role TNFR2-specific activation plays in the absence of XIAP is unknown. We found TNFR2-specific activation leads to cell death in xiap−/− myeloid cells, particularly in the absence of the RING domain. RIPK1 kinase activity downstream of TNFR2 resulted in a TNF/TNFR1 cell death, independent of necroptosis. TNFR2-specific activation leads to a similar inflammatory NF-kB driven transcriptional profile as TNFR1 activation with the exception of upregulation of NLRP3 and caspase-11. Activation and upregulation of the canonical inflammasome upon loss of XIAP was mediated by RIPK1 kinase activity and ROS production. While both the inhibition of RIPK1 kinase activity and ROS production reduced cell death, as well as release of IL-1β, the release of IL-18 was not reduced to basal levels. This study supports targeting TNFR2 specifically to reduce IL-18 release in XLP-2 patients and to reduce priming of the inflammasome components.

2021-03-01 | E-MTAB-10103 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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