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FOXC2 and WT1 regulate transcriptional reprogramming during the podocyte response to injury

ABSTRACT: In the context of human disease, the mechanisms whereby transcription factors reprogram gene expression in reparative responses to injury are not well understood. We have studied the mechanisms of transcriptional reprogramming in disease using murine kidney podocytes as a model for tissue injury. Podocytes are a crucial component of glomeruli, the filtration units of each nephron. Podocyte injury is the initial event in many processes that lead to End Stage Kidney Disease. FOXC2 is a transcription factor known to regulate gene expression in podocytes. FOXC2 and WT1 are both required for podocyte differentiation. Using murine models and human kidney organoids, we investigated FOXC2-mediated transcriptional reprogramming during the course of podocyte injury. Correlating FOXC2 and WT1 ChIP-seq analyses demonstrated that they co-bind many genes expressed in podocytes. Reprogramming the transcriptome involved highly dynamic changes in the binding of FOXC2 and WT1 to target genes during a reparative injury response.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE213174 | GEO | 2023/11/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a uremic toxin and ligand of the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), a transcriptional regulator. Elevated serum IS may contribute to the progression of kidney disease. Therefore, we assessed mouse podocyte damage mediated by IS. Ahr was predominantly localized to the podocyte nucleus in vivo and in vitro. In isolated glomeruli, IS-exposure for 2 – 24 h induced Cyp1a1 expression, the most sensitive biomarker of Ahr activation. Mice exposed to IS for 4–8 weeks exhibited microalbuminuria, and mild glomerular injury characterized by ischemic changes, partial podocyte foot process effacement, as well as vascular and tubulointerstitial damage. Chronically IS-exposed kidneys exhibited decreased mRNA, decreased protein levels, and altered staining patterns for podocin, synaptopodin, and non-muscle myosin IIA (Myh9). Immortalized podocytes, upon differentiation, exhibited Ahr nuclear translocation beginning 30 min after 1 mM IS-exposure. At 2 h, there was a dose-dependent decrease in podocyte mRNA expression of WT1, Podxl, Snypo, Myh9, Actn4, and Cd2ap. After 24 h of exposure to IS, podocytes were smaller, had fewer actin/Myh9 fibers, and decreased viability. Ahr-RNAi decreased mRNA expression of podocyte-specific proteins and inhibited Cyp1a1 induction by IS-exposure. Combinations of Ahr-RNAi and IS-exposure further decreased Myh9 expression. In immortalized human podocytes, IS treatment caused cell injury, decreased mRNA expression of podocyte-specific proteins, integrins, collagens, cytoskeletal proteins, and bone morphogenetic proteins, and increased cytokine and chemokine expression. Thus, chronic IS-exposure causes glomerular damage by activating Ahr, altering podocyte function, differentiation, and morphology, and inducing a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Podocyte cells treated with Indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin and aryl-hydrocarbon receptor ligand, mediates progressive glomerular disease by damaging podocytes Human podocyte cell line treated with or without 3-Indoxyl sulfate (1mM/0.1%DMSO) in three replications

Project description:The Wilms tumor-suppressor gene WT1, a key player in renal development, also has a crucial role in maintenance of the glomerulus in the mature kidney. However, molecular pathways orchestrated by WT1 in podocytes, where it is highly expressed, remain unknown. Their defects are thought to modify the cross-talk between podocytes and other glomerular cells and ultimately lead to glomerular sclerosis, as observed in diffuse mesangial sclerosis (DMS) a nephropathy associated with WT1 mutations. To identify podocyte WT1 targets, we generated a novel DMS mouse line, performed gene expression profiling in isolated glomeruli, and identified excellent candidates that may modify podocyte differentiation and growth factor signalling in glomeruli. Scel, encoding sciellin, a protein of the cornified envelope in the skin, and sulf1, encoding a 6-O endosulfatase, are shown to be expressed in wild type podocytes and to be strongly down-regulated in mutants. Co-expression of Wt1, Scel and Sulf1 was also found in a mesonephric cell line, and siRNA-mediated knockdown of WT1 decreased Scel and Sulf1 mRNAs and proteins. By ChIP we show that Scel and Sulf1 are direct WT1 targets. Cyp26a1, encoding an enzyme involved in the degradation of retinoic acid, is shown to be up-regulated in mutant podocytes. Cyp26a1 may play a role in the development of glomerular lesions but does not seem to be regulated by WT1. These results provide novel clues in our understanding of normal glomerular function and early events involved in glomerulosclerosis. Experiment Overall Design: Isolation of glomeruli from mutant (FVB-N4 Wt1+/R394W) and wild-type (FVB-N4 Wt1+/+) was performed after cardiac Dynabead perfusion. GeneChip analysis of glomeruli from 5 Wt1+/R394W mice and 5 Wt1+/+ littermates (N4-FVB) were performed independently. Animals were unweaned 27-day-old males. The Wt1+/R394W mice used were showing little albuminuria (<3 ug/ul on Coomassie blue stained SDS-PAGE gel) and no evidence of mesangial lesions by light microscopy.

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FOXC2 and WT1 regulate transcriptional reprogramming during the podocyte response to injury

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