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Zeb2 drives the formation of CD11c+ atypical B cells to sustain germinal centers that control persistent infection [CITE-seq and scRNA-seq]

ABSTRACT: CD11c+ atypical B cells (ABCs) are an alternative memory B cell lineage associated with immunization, infection, and autoimmunity. However, the factors that drive the transcriptional program of ABCs have not been identified, and the function of this population remains incompletely understood. Here we identified candidate transcription factors associated with the ABC population based on a human tonsillar B cell single cell dataset. We identified CD11c+ B cells in mice with a similar transcriptomic signature to human ABCs, and using an optimized CRISPR-Cas9 knockdown screen, we observed that loss of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 (Zeb2) impaired ABC formation. Furthermore, ZEB2 haplo-insufficient Mowat Wilson syndrome (MWS) patients have decreased circulating ABCs in the blood. In Cd23Cre/+Zeb2fl/fl mice with impaired ABC formation, ABCs were dispensable for efficient humoral responses after Plasmodium sporozoite immunization but were required to control recrudescent blood-stage malaria. Immune phenotyping revealed that ABCs drive optimal T follicular helper (Tfh) cell formation and germinal center (GC) responses and they reside at the red/white pulp border likely permitting better access to pathogen antigens for presentation. Collectively, our study shows that ABC formation is dependent upon Zeb2, and these cells can limit recrudescent infection by sustaining GC reactions.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE213186 | GEO | 2024/02/09

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Zeb2 drives the formation of CD11c+ atypical B cells to sustain germinal centers that control persistent infection [Bulk RNA-seq]

Project description:CD11c+ atypical B cells (ABCs) are an alternative memory B cell lineage associated with immunization, infection, and autoimmunity. However, the factors that drive the transcriptional program of ABCs have not been identified, and the function of this population remains incompletely understood. Here we identified candidate transcription factors associated with the ABC population based on a human tonsillar B cell single cell dataset. We identified CD11c+ B cells in mice with a similar transcriptomic signature to human ABCs, and using an optimized CRISPR-Cas9 knockdown screen, we observed that loss of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 (Zeb2) impaired ABC formation. Furthermore, ZEB2 haplo-insufficient Mowat Wilson syndrome (MWS) patients have decreased circulating ABCs in the blood. In Cd23Cre/+Zeb2fl/fl mice with impaired ABC formation, ABCs were dispensable for efficient humoral responses after Plasmodium sporozoite immunization but were required to control recrudescent blood-stage malaria. Immune phenotyping revealed that ABCs drive optimal T follicular helper (Tfh) cell formation and germinal center (GC) responses and they reside at the red/white pulp border likely permitting better access to pathogen antigens for presentation. Collectively, our study shows that ABC formation is dependent upon Zeb2, and these cells can limit recrudescent infection by sustaining GC reactions.

2024-02-09 | GSE213194 | GEO

The transcription factor ZEB2 drives formation of age-associated B cells

Project description:Age-associated B cells (ABCs) accumulate during infection, aging and autoimmunity, contributing to lupus pathogenesis. Here, we screened for transcription factors driving ABC formation and found Zeb2 was required for human and mouse ABC differentiation in-vitro. ABCs were reduced in ZEB2 haploinsufficient individuals and in mice lacking Zeb2 in B cells. In mice with TLR7-driven lupus, Zeb2 was essential for ABC formation and autoimmune pathology. Zeb2 binds to the +20kb intronic enhancer of Mef2b, repressing Mef2b-mediated germinal center B cell differentiation and promoting ABC formation. Zeb2 also targets genes important for ABC specification and function including Itgax. Zeb2-driven ABC differentiation required Jak-Stat signaling, and treatment with the Jak1/3 inhibitor tofacitinib reduced ABC accumulation in mice and autoimmune patients. Zeb2 thus emerges as a driver of B-cell autoimmunity.

2023-12-31 | GSE242611 | GEO

Age-Associated B Cells are Heterogenous and Dynamic in Autoimmunity

Project description:Age-Associated B Cells (ABCs) are a population of CD11c+ and/or CD11b+ B cells expanded in autoimmune lupus. To understand potential heterogeneity within ABCs and the relationship of ABCs to other splenic B cell subsets, we performed scRNA-seq with 5' V(D)J and CITE-seq cell surface features using the 10x Genomics Chromium platform on total splenic CD19+ B cells sorted from lupus-prone MRL/lpr. We found that ABC are a distinct transcriptional lineage that resolved into two related clusters. Analysis of BCR heavy chains identified clones present in both ABC and plasmablast compartments. Inferred lineage trees based on V gene somatic hypermutation suggested that self-renewing ABC feed into the plasmablast compartment repeatedly while continuing to themselves undergo mutation and expansion.

2023-01-01 | GSE202110 | GEO

The regulatory role of ZEB2 in ABC formation

Project description:To elucidate the direct targets of ZEB2 in ABCs, we performed high-throughput sequencing of regulome by ATAC-seq, CUT & Tag, and CUT & RUN, leading to the identification the accessible sites with ZEB2 binding. Among the genes differentially expressed by Zeb2 deficiency, we found 33 candidate target genes of ZEB2, with 22 repressed and 11 activated by ZEB2. The critical transcription factor Mef2b, essential for GC development, was repressed by ZEB2. This direct regulation was mapped to a conserved region about 20kb downstream of Mef2b's exon I TSS, enriched with enhancer-associated features in both human and mouse.

2023-12-31 | GSE242607 | GEO

RNA-seq data of ABC from Bm12-induced lupus model

Project description:Age-associated B cells (ABCs) accumulate in systemic autoimmunity, and contributes to pathogenesis. ABCs are characterized by high expression of CD11c and T-bet. As a transcription factor, T-bet cannot be labeled in live cells with antibodies, so we constructed a reporter mouse strain in which fluorescent protein tdTomato fused to T-bet. Then we sorted ABCs (CD11c+T-bet+CD21- B cell) and non-ABCs (CD11c-T- bet- B cell) from the Bm12-induced lupus model for RNA sequencing.

2023-02-16 | E-MTAB-12568 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Zeb2 is Essential for Bergmann Glial Development and Cerebellar Organization

Project description:Cerebellar circuitry is critical for balance and motor control among a wide array of functions and largely consists of granule and Purkinje neurons. Bergmann glia in the cerebellum form distinct morphological structures that facilitate granule neuron migration during development and that maintain the cerebellar organization and functional integrity. At present, molecular control of the formation and morphogenesis of Bergmann glia remains obscure. In this study, we found that Zeb2 (a.k.a. Sip1 or Zfhx1b), a Mowat-Wilson syndrome-associated transcriptional regulator, is highly restricted to Bergmann glia and is essential for their development and maturation. The mice with Zeb2 ablation in the cerebellar neural progenitor exhibit dysgenesis of cerebellar cortical lamination and locomotion defects. Deletion of Zeb2 markedly reduced Bergmann glial proliferation, differentiation and the establishment of the normal radial scaffold, disrupting migration of granule cell progenitors from external to internal granular layers. Transcriptome profiling indicated that Zeb2 regulates multiple pathways including FGF and Notch signaling as well as axonal guidance cues including Netrin G2 and Gdf10 to control Bergmann glial development. Our data reveal that Zeb2 acts as a transcriptional integrator of diverse signaling pathways to regulate the formation and morphogenesis of Bergmann glia ensuring maintenance of cerebellar integrity, suggesting that Zeb2 dysfunction in Bergmann glia might contribute to motor deficits in Mowat-Wilson syndrome.

2018-06-25 | GSE84098 | GEO

Role of SWEF proteins in ABC differentiation

Project description:Age/autoimmune-associated B cells (ABCs) are a T-bet dependent B cell subset, which accumulates prematurely in autoimmune settings. The molecular pathways that regulate ABCs in autoimmunity are largely unknown. The SWEF proteins include SWAP-70 and DEF6, a newly identified SLE risk variant. SWEF-deficient mice (double knock-out=DKO) develop a lupus like syndrome, which is accompanied by a marked expansion of ABCs. The accumulation of ABCs in DKO mice provided us with a unique opportunity to gain new insights into the molecular features that characterize the ABCs that prematurely expand in autoimmune conditions. Splenic Follicular B cells (FoB, B220+CD19+CD23+CD11c-CD11b-) and ABCs (B220+CD19+CD11c+CD11b+) were FACS sorted from >20 weeks old WT or DKO female mice and RNA-seq was employed to compare the transcriptome of DKO ABCs to that of FoB cells derived from either WT or DKO mice. Here we show that loss of SWEF proteins leads to altered gene expression in B cells independently of their differentiation state. In addition, a subset of genes was uniquely regulated in ABCs from DKO mice as compared to FoB cells from either WT or DKO mice. Ananlysis of the ATAC-seq experiment show that the ABCs that expand aberrantly in the DKO autoimmune setting exhibit a unique chromatin landscape and ABC-specific accessible loci displayed enrichment in AP-1/BATF, IRF, and T-bet binding motifs. Together our findings suggest that absence of SWEF proteins affects several key processes in ABCs. In particular, we observed alterations in a number of pathways involved in the control of cellular proliferation and inflammation, a finding that may play a crucial role in the premature accumulation of ABCs in DKOs and could distinguish them from non-autoimmune ABCs.

2018-03-01 | GSE99480 | GEO

IL-13Ra1-mediated signaling regulates ABC expansion and lupus pathogenesis

Project description:ABCs are an emerging B cell subset that aberrantly expand in SLE. ABC generation and differentiation exhibit marked sexual dimorphism and TLR7 engagement is a key contributor to these sex differences. ABC generation is also controlled by IL-21 and its interplay with IFNg and IL-4. Here we investigated whether IL-13Ra1, an X-linked receptor that transmits IL-4/IL-13 signals, can regulate ABCs and lupus pathogenesis.

2022-06-16 | GSE206012 | GEO

Transcriptomic analysis of human B cell responses to vaccination

Project description:Analysis of the gene expression profiles of naÃ¯ve B cells, resting memory B cells (MBCs), activated B cells (ABCs) and antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) isolated from peripheral blood one week following influenza vaccination. Upon antigen exposure B cells eventually bifurcate into two distinct lineages, plasmablasts and memory B cells. We previously reported that plasmablasts or antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) could be transiently detected in blood shortly after infection or vaccination of humans. Here, we define the phenotype and the transcriptional program of a novel human antigen-specific B cell subset, referred to as activated B cells (ABCs). ABCs do not spontaneously secrete antibodies and possess a unique transcriptional profile that distinguishes them from ASCs and resting memory B cells. Clonal lineages present among day 7 ABCs persisted in blood for up to three months post-influenza immunization indicating that ABCs may be destined to join the long-term memory B cell pool. ABCs and ASCs can be clearly distinguished in blood following influenza and Ebola virus infections. Interrogating ABCs will expand our understanding of the differentiation, maturation and longevity of human B cell responses. Total RNA was isolated from 10,000 cells of each population.

2015-12-31 | E-GEOD-68245 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Sex-specific differences in the function and differentiation of ABCs contribute to the female bias in lupus pathogenesis

Project description:We report the application of RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, and CUT and RUN technology for high-throughput profiling of H3K27me3 epigenetic marks in mice SWAP-70 and DEF6 double knockout (DKO) B-lymphocytes (ABCs and FoBs) flow sorted from spleen. We show that ABCs from female and male DKO mice have unique transcriptional profiles, chromatin accessibility, and that there is a selective loss of repressive chromatin marks like H3K27me3 in ABCs of DKO females can contribute to the increased expression of X-chromosome linked genes like Tlr7 and several other loci among which Tbx21, the classical ABC marker, showed strongest loss in F-ABCs as compared to F-FoBs.

2021-05-24 | GSE175365 | GEO

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