Expression data from U251 RSK1 Knockout and RSK2 Knockout cell lines
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE213592 | GEO | 2022/09/19
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:RSK1 and RSK4 are two of the four members of the p90 ribosomal protein S6 kinases (RSK) family. These kinases are downstream kinases of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (ERK or MAPK1) in the ERK MAP kinase pathway. RSKs are implicated in fine tuning of cellular processes such as translation, transcription, proliferation, and motility. Previous work showed that pathogens such as Cardioviruses could hijack any of the four RSK isoforms to inhibit PKR activation or to disrupt cellular nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. In contrast, some reports suggest non-redundant functions for distinct RSK isoforms and Coffin-Lowry syndrome has only been associated with mutations in the gene encoding RSK2. In this work, we used the analog-sensitive kinase strategy to ask whether the cellular substrates of distinct RSK isoforms differ. We therefore compared the substrates of 2 of the most distant RSK isoforms: RSK1 and RSK4. We identified a series of potential substrates for both RSKs in cells, and validated RanBP3, PDCD4, IRS2 and ZC3H11A as substrates of both RSK1 and RSK4, and SORBS2 as a RSK1 substrate. In addition, using mutagenesis and inhibitors, we confirmed analog-sensitive kinase data showing that endogenous RSKs phosphorylate TRIM33 at S1119. Our data thus identify a series of potential RSK substrates and suggest that the substrates of RSK1 and RSK4 largely overlap and that the specificity of the various RSK isoforms likely depends on their cell- or tissue-specific expression pattern.
2024-02-06 | PXD047020 | Pride
Project description:The p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) family, a downstream target of Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, can mediate cross-talk with the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway. As RSK connects two oncogenic pathways in gliomas, we investigated the protein levels of the RSK isoforms RSK1-4 in non-tumoral brain (NB) and grade I-IV gliomas. RSK4 expression was not detected in any brain tissues, whereas RSK3 expression was very low, with GBMs demonstrating the lowest RSK3 protein levels. When compared to NB or low-grade gliomas (LGG), a group of glioblastomas (RSK1hi) that excluded long-survivor cases expressed higher levels of RSK1. No difference was observed in RSK2 median-expression levels among NB and gliomas; however, high levels of RSK2 in glioblastomas (GBM) were associated with worse survival. RSK1hi and, to a lesser extent, RSK2hi GBMs, showed higher levels of phosphorylated RSK, which indicates RSK activation. Transcriptome analysis indicated that most RSK1hi GBMs belonged to the mesenchymal subtype, and RSK1 expression strongly correlated with gene expression signature of immune infiltrates, in particular of activated-natural killer cells and M2 macrophages. In an independent cohort, we confirmed that RSK1hi GBMs exclude long-survivors, and RSK1 expression was associated with high protein levels of the mesenchymal subtype marker LAPTM5, as well as with high expression of CD68, which indicated the presence of infiltrating immune cells. An RSK1 signature was obtained based on differentially expressed mRNAs and validated in public glioma datasets. Enrichment of RSK1 signature followed glioma progression, recapitulating RSK1 protein expression, and was associated with worse survival not only in GBM but also in LGG. In conclusion, both RSK1 and RSK2 associate with glioma malignity, but displaying isoform-specific peculiarities. The progression-dependent expression and association with immune infiltration, suggests RSK1 as a potential progression marker and therapeutic target for gliomas.
2019-10-26 | GSE139380 | GEO
Project description:The RSK2 gene is responsible for Coffin-Lowry syndrome, an X-linked monogenic disease associating severe learning deficit andassociated to typical facial and digital abnormalities and skeletal changes. Craniofacial and dental anomalies encountered in this rare disease have been poorly characterized. In this study we explore, through X-Ray microtomographic analysis, the variable craniofacial dysmorphism and dental anomalies present in Rsk2 knockout mice, an animal model of Coffin-Lowry syndrome, as well as in triple Rsk1,2,3 knockout mutants. We report in these mutants the occurrence of a surpernumerary tooth mesial to the first molar. This highly penetrant phenotype is considered as a remnant of evolutionary lost teeth. This possibly leads to the significant reduction of the maxillary diastema. Abnormalities of molar shape were almost restricted to the mesial part of both upper and lower first molars (M1). We also report an expression analysis of the four Rsk genes (Rsk1, 2, 3 and 4) at various stages of odontogenesis in wild-type (WT) mice. Rsk2 was mainly expressed in the mesenchymal, neural crest derived compartment, correlating with proliferative areas of the developing teeth and consistent with a biological function of RSK2 in cell cycle control and cell growth, which when invalidated could be responsible for the dental phenotype. In an attempt to unravel the molecular pathways involved in the genesis of these dental defects, we performed a comparative transcriptomic (DNA microarray) analysis of mandibular wild-type versus Rsk2-/Y molars, and further demonstrated a misregulation of selected genes, using a Rsk2 shRNA knock-down strategy in molar tooth germs cultured in vitro.
2014-01-13 | E-GEOD-51034 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Deregulated cell migration and invasion, which are hallmarks of metastatic cancer cells, are correlated to structural and functional alterations of the actin cytoskeleton associated to a large panel of actin-binding proteins. Among these, the actin-bundling protein L-plastin, initially detected in leukocytes, is ectopically expressed in several solid tumours and is often considered as a metastatic marker. Phosphorylation of L-plastin on residue serine 5 (Ser5) has been shown to activate L-plastin and to be crucial for invasion and metastasis formation. Here, we investigate the signalling pathway leading to L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation in four breast cancer cell lines. Whole genome microarray analysis comparing cell lines with different invasive capacities and corresponding L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation levels revealed that genes of the MAPK/ERK pathway are differentially expressed. In line, in vitro kinase assays showed that MAPK/ERK pathway downstream kinases RSK1 and RSK2 are able to directly phosphorylate L-plastin on Ser5. In parallel to a knockdown approach, activation and inhibition studies of signalling molecules of the MAPK/ERK pathway, followed by computational modelling analysis, confirmed that RSK is an important activator of L-plastin in all four studied cell lines. Finally and rounding up our study, RSK knockdown significantly impaired migratory and invasive capacities of a selected invasive cell line, thus consolidating RSK as a promising therapeutic target in certain invasive carcinomas. Altogether, our data provide substantial evidence that the MAPK/ERK pathway is involved in L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation in breast cancer cells with its downstream kinases RSK1 and RSK2 being able to directly phosphorylate L-plastin on Ser5.
2016-03-26 | E-MTAB-3487 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry data of the ERK2-RSK2 and ERK2-RSK2-ORF45 complexes. The noncatalytic viral protein ORF45 reconfigures ERK-RSK signaling in cells. This dataset identifies the ORF45-RSK2 interface.
2021-12-22 | MSV000088607 | MassIVE
Project description:Proteins from unrelated pathogens, including some RNA or DNA viruses and bacteria can recruit and activate cellular p90-ribosomal protein S6 kinases (RSKs) through a common linear motif. Data suggested a model where pathogens' proteins act to dock the recruited RSKs toward specific substrates, which then act as effectors to the benefit of the pathogens. Using cardiovirus leader protein (L) as a paradigm, we show that pathogens' proteins can modify the spectrum of RSK substrates in infected cells. L triggers nucleocytoplasmic trafficking perturbation and phenylalanine-glycine (FG)-nucleoporin hyperphosphorylation in an RSK-dependent fashion. Biotin ligase experiments identified FG-nucleoporins as common partners of L and RSK in infected cells. Using cells expressing an analog-sensitive RSK2 mutant, we show that L triggers direct phosphorylation of NUP98 and NUP214 by RSK2 in infected cells. Our data therefore demonstrate a novel virulence mechanism where pathogens' proteins hijack and retarget cellular protein kinases of the RSK family
2022-12-08 | PXD034604 | Pride
Project description:Influenza viruses (IV) exploit a variety of signaling pathways. Previous studies showed that the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway is functionally linked to nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complexes, suggesting that vRNP export is a signaling induced event. However, the underlying mechanism remained completely enigmatic. Here we have dissected the unknown molecular steps of signaling-driven vRNP export. We identified RSK1 as downstream target of virus-activated ERK signaling. While RSK2 displays an antiviral role, we demonstrate for the first time a virus-supportive function of RSK1, migrating to the nucleus to phosphorylate NP, the major constituent of vRNPs. This drives association with viral M1 at the chromatin, important for vRNP export. Inhibition or knockdown of MEK, ERK or RSK1 caused impaired vRNP export actions of different RSK isoforms.
2020-06-18 | PXD016638 | Pride
Project description:We used CRISPR RSK2 knock-out MCF-7 cells to identify RSK2-regulated genes.
2020-06-01 | GSE99707 | GEO
Project description:Coffin–Lowry Syndrome (CLS) is a syndromic form of mental retardation caused by loss of function mutations in the X-linked RPS6KA3 gene, which encodes Rsk2, a serine/threonine kinase involved in spatial memory. We analyzed hippocampal gene expression profiles in Rsk2-KO mice to identify changes in molecular pathways. Total RNA was extracted from hippocampi from 6 KO and 6 WT (littermates) 2-month-old male mice. For each genotype, equivalent amounts of RNA from 2 mice were pooled and processed for hybridization to the genome wide oligonucleotide microarray (Murine 430A 2.0 Affymetrix, 22.000 probe sets). Thus, 3 independent pooled samples were hybridized for each genotype. We compared hippocampal gene expression profiles from rsk2-KO and normal littermate mice to identify changes in molecular pathways
2010-12-22 | E-GEOD-22137 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:RSK2 is a serine/threonine kinase downstream signaling mediator in the RAS/ERK signaling pathway and may be a therapeutic target in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). RSK2-Ser227 in the N-terminal kinase domain (NTKD) of RSK2 was found to be ubiquitously active in five MCL-derived cell lines and in tumor tissues derived from five MCL patients. BI-D1870, an inhibitor specific to RSK2-NTKD, caused RSK2-Ser227 dephosphorylation, and thereby, induced dose-dependent growth inhibition via G2/M cell cycle blockade and apoptosis. Comparative gene expression profiling of the MCL-derived cell lines showed that inhibition of RSK2-Ser227 by BI-D1870 caused downregulation of oncogenes, such c-MYC and MYB; anti-apoptosis genes, such as BCL2 and BCL2L1; genes for B cell development, including IKZF1, IKZF3 and PAX5; and genes constituting the B cell receptor signaling pathway, such as CD19, CD79B and BLNK. These findings show that targeting of RSK2-Ser227 enables concomitant blockade of pathways that are critically important in B cell tumorigenesis.
2020-03-25 | GSE147484 | GEO