Similar Datasets
Project description:The interaction between monocytes and endothelial cells in inflammation is central to chemoattraction, adhesion, and transendothelial migration. Key players such as selectins and their ligands, integrins and other adhesion molecules and their function in these processes are well studied. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), expressed on monocytes, is critical for sensing invading pathogens and initiating a rapid and effective immune response. However, the extended role of TLR2 in monocyte adhesion and migration has only been partially elucidated. To address this question, we performed several functional cell-based assays using monocyte-like wild type (WT), TLR2-knock-out (KO) and, TLR2-knock-in (KI) THP-1 cells. We found that TLR2 promotes faster and stronger adhesion of monocytes to the endothelium and a more intense endothelial barrier disruption after endothelial activation. In addition, we performed quantitative mass-spectrometry, STRING protein analysis, and RT-qPCR, which revealed the association of TLR2 with specific integrins, but also uncovered novel proteins affected by TLR2. In conclusion, we could show that unstimulated TLR2 affects cell adhesion, endothelial barrier disruption, migration, and actin polymerization.
2023-10-24 | PXD041819 | Pride
Project description:Chitin is the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature and a biomolecule intimately linked to fungal infection and allergic asthma, conditions that affect millions of patients worldwide. Chitin is known to stimulate multiple mammalian immune cells, but the precise molecular sensing mechanism has not been elucidated, hampering strategies to specifically target chitin-mediated pathologies. The study associated with this microarray dataset uses defined chitin oligomers to identify six chitin subunits as the smallest immunologically active chitin motif and the innate immune receptor TLR2 as the molecular chitin sensor on human and murine immune cells, in vitro and in vivo. The goal of this microarray dataset was to elucidate transcriptional differences of human whole blood cells when responding to chitin, to other TLR2 ligands (Pam2, Pam3), and furthermore to the TLR4 ligand LPS. All four stimulants are compared to each other and to the unstimulated whole blood samples as a reference. We conclude that chitin oligomers elicitd overlapping yet distinct signaling outcomes compared to canonical TLR2 ligands.
2018-03-07 | GSE103094 | GEO
Project description:human blood monocytes were isolated, activated and harvested at several timepoints In this study, we identified genes that were differentially expressed in human monocytes activated with eiter NOD2L and/or TLR2/1L. human blood monocytes were purified from healthy donors by Ficoll, Percoll and adherence. Monocytes were activated using NOD2L (MDP) and the TLR2/1L (19kD, triacylated peptide). Cells were harvested before activation (0h) and 6h and 24h after stimulation with ligands.
2012-03-15 | E-GEOD-34156 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:We have recently demonstrated that mycobacterial ligands engage Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) on CD4+ T cells and up-regulate T-cell receptor (TCR) triggered- Th1 responses in vitro and in vivo. To extend our previous studies on the role of TLR2 in the regulation of T-cell function and differentiation, we compared the gene expression profile of mouse CD4+ T cells co-stimulated via CD28 or TLR2. Unlike CD28 co-stimulation, TLR2 co-engagement with CD3 triggered the regulation of a very discrete set of genes. Unexpectedly, naïve CD4+ T- cells co-stimulated via TLR2 showed a significant up-regulation of Il9 mRNA compared to cells co-stimulated via CD28.
2017-08-04 | GSE89513 | GEO
Project description:LX2 cells treated with or without BTC and with or without oleic acid or DHA
2022-10-13 | GSE215223 | GEO
Project description:Microbial components have a range of direct effects on the fetal brain. However, little is known about the cellular targets and molecular mechanisms that mediate these effects. Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) control the size and architecture of the brain and understanding the mechanisms regulating NPCs is crucial to understanding brain developmental disorders. We identify ventricular radial glia (vRG), the primary NPC, as the target of bacterial cell wall (BCW) generated during the antibiotic treatment of maternal pneumonia. BCW enhanced proliferative potential of vRGs by shortening the cell cycle and increasing self-renewal. Expanded vRGs propagated to increase neuronal output in all cortical layers. Remarkably, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), which recognizes BCW, localized at the base of primary cilia in vRGs and the BCW-TLR2 interaction suppressed ciliogenesis leading to derepression of Hedgehog (HH) signaling and expansion of vRGs. We also show that TLR6 is an essential partner of TLR2 in this process. Surprisingly, TLR6 alone was required to set the number of cortical neurons under healthy conditions. These findings suggest that an endogenous signal from TLRs suppresses cortical expansion during normal development of the neocortex and that BCW antagonizes that signal through the TLR2/cilia/HH signaling axis changing brain structure and function.
2023-04-13 | GSE229699 | GEO
Project description:To investigate the similarity of toll-like receptor tolerance in macrophages stimulated with different toll-like receptor ligands we stimulated naïve or tolerant macrophages with ligands for TLR4, TLR2, TLR3 and TLR9. The data identifies a core set of genes that are tolerised by all ligands and genes that show TLR specific patterns.
2018-05-30 | GSE81291 | GEO
Project description:THP-1 is a representative leukemia cell line, and has been widely used all around the world since its establishment in Japan in 1980. Differences in THP-1 cells have been reported; however, the THP-1 genomes have not been accurately characterized.
2021-08-31 | GSE178731 | GEO
Project description:THP-1 is a representative leukemia cell line, and has been widely used all around the world since its establishment in Japan in 1980. Differences in THP-1 cells have been reported; however, the THP-1 cell lines have not been accurately classified.
2021-08-31 | GSE178444 | GEO
Project description:Chitin is the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature and a biomolecule intimately linked to fungal infection and allergic asthma, conditions that affect millions of patients worldwide. Chitin is known to stimulate multiple mammalian immune cells, but the precise molecular sensing mechanism has not been elucidated, hampering strategies to specifically target chitin-mediated pathologies. Using defined chitin oligomers we here identify six chitin subunits as the smallest immunologically active chitin motif and the innate immune receptor TLR2 as the molecular chitin sensor on human and murine immune cells, in vitro and in vivo. Chitin oligomers directly bound TLR2 with nanomolar affinity and elicited overlapping yet distinct signaling outcomes compared to canonical TLR2 ligands. Conversely, chitin oligomers composed of five chitin subunits acted as antagonists of chitin-TLR2 immune activation, hinting to an anti-inflammatory loop already known from plants, to also operate in humans. Of note, small chitin oligomers and biological-based blocking of the TLR2-chitin interaction effectively prevented chitin-mediated inflammation not only in vitro but also in vivo. Collectively, our study elucidates the molecular basis of how chitin is sensed by mammalian immune cells, which has broad impact for chitin-associated inflammatory pathologies. From a translational perspective, our findings further suggests that differently sized chitin oligomers could be developed into novel vaccine adjuvants or immuno-modulatory antagonists for the prevention or treatment of chitin-driven diseases in humans.
2019-11-12 | PXD007542 | Pride