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Inhibition of METTL3 results in a cell-intrinsic interferon response that enhances anti-tumour immunity

ABSTRACT: This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE217923 | GEO | 2023/10/12

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Inhibition of METTL3 results in a cell-intrinsic interferon response that enhances anti-tumour immunity [RNA-seq]

Project description:Therapies that enhance anti-tumour immunity have dramatically changed the natural history of a range of cancers. Consequently, leveraging non-overlapping mechanisms to further increase the immunogenicity of cancer cells remains a major priority. Here, using a novel inhibitor of the RNA methyltransferase, METTL3, we demonstrate that enzymatic inhibition and a global decrease in N6-methyladenosine (m6A) results in double stranded RNA formation and a profound cell-intrinsic interferon response. By monitoring nascent mRNA, we show that the downstream induction of interferon stimulated genes (ISG) is coupled to a global increase in mRNA stability due to decreased m6A. One of the primary sequelae of this process is an increased expression and stability of genes associated with antigen presentation via MHC-I3. With unbiased global CRISPR screens we demonstrate that components of dsRNA sensing and interferon signalling are the primary mediators that potentiate T-cell killing of cancer cells following METTL3 inhibition. As PDL1, a key immune checkpoint, is also induced by interferon3, we show in a range of immunocompetent mouse models that whilst METTL3 inhibition alone is equally efficacious to anti-PD1 therapy, the combination has far greater pre-clinical activity. Importantly, using SPLINTR barcoding4, we demonstrate at single clone resolution that anti-PD1 and METTL3 inhibition target distinct malignant clones and the combination of these therapies augment anti-tumour immunity to overcome clones insensitive to the single agents. Together these data provide the molecular and pre-clinical rationale for employing METTL3 inhibitors to promote anti-tumour immunity in the clinical setting.

2023-10-12 | GSE217920 | GEO

Inhibition of METTL3 results in a cell-intrinsic interferon response that enhances anti-tumour immunity [CRISPR screen]

Project description:Therapies that enhance antitumor immunity have altered the natural history of many cancers. Consequently, leveraging nonoverlapping mechanisms to increase immunogenicity of cancer cells remains a priority. Using a novel enzymatic inhibitor of the RNA methyl-transferase METTL3, we demonstrate a global decrease in N6-methyladenosine (m6A) results in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) formation and a profound cell-intrinsic interferon response. Through unbiased CRISPR screens, we establish dsRNA-sensing and interferon signaling are primary mediators that potentiate T-cell killing of cancer cells following METTL3 inhibition. We show in a range of immunocompetent mouse models that although METTL3 inhibition is equally efficacious to anti-PD-1 therapy, the combination has far greater preclinical activity. Using SPLINTR barcoding, we demonstrate that anti-PD-1 therapy and METTL3 inhibition target distinct malignant clones, and the combination of these therapies overcomes clones insensitive to the single agents. These data provide the mole-cular and preclinical rationale for employing METTL3 inhibitors to promote antitumor immunity in the clinic.

2023-11-04 | GSE246837 | GEO

Inhibition of METTL3 Results in a Cell-Intrinsic Interferon Response That Enhances Antitumor Immunity [QuantSeq 3’ mRNA-Seq]

Project description:Therapies that enhance antitumor immunity have altered the natural history of many cancers. Consequently, leveraging nonoverlapping mechanisms to increase immunogenicity of cancer cells remains a priority. Using a novel enzymatic inhibitor of the RNA methyltransferase METTL3, we demonstrate a global decrease in N6-methyladenosine (m6A) results in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) formation and a profound cell-intrinsic interferon response. Through unbiased CRISPR screens, we establish dsRNA-sensing and interferon signaling are primary mediators that potentiate T-cell killing of cancer cells following METTL3 inhibition. We show in a range of immunocompetent mouse models that although METTL3 inhibition is equally efficacious to anti–PD-1 therapy, the combination has far greater preclinical activity. Using SPLINTR barcoding, we demonstrate that anti–PD-1 therapy and METTL3 inhibition target distinct malignant clones, and the combination of these therapies overcomes clones insensitive to the single agents. These data provide the molecular and preclinical rationale for employing METTL3 inhibitors to promote antitumor immunity in the clinic.

2024-01-14 | GSE252960 | GEO

Inhibition of METTL3 Results in a Cell-Intrinsic Interferon Response That Enhances Antitumor Immunity [ONT direct RNA-seq]

Project description:Therapies that enhance antitumor immunity have altered the natural history of many cancers. Consequently, leveraging nonoverlapping mechanisms to increase immunogenicity of cancer cells remains a priority. Using a novel enzymatic inhibitor of the RNA methyltransferase METTL3, we demonstrate a global decrease in N6-methyladenosine (m6A) results in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) formation and a profound cell-intrinsic interferon response. Through unbiased CRISPR screens, we establish dsRNA-sensing and interferon signaling are primary mediators that potentiate T-cell killing of cancer cells following METTL3 inhibition. We show in a range of immunocompetent mouse models that although METTL3 inhibition is equally efficacious to anti–PD-1 therapy, the combination has far greater preclinical activity. Using SPLINTR barcoding, we demonstrate that anti–PD-1 therapy and METTL3 inhibition target distinct malignant clones, and the combination of these therapies overcomes clones insensitive to the single agents. These data provide the molecular and preclinical rationale for employing METTL3 inhibitors to promote antitumor immunity in the clinic.

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Inhibiting DDX3X triggers tumor-intrinsic type I interferon response and enhances anti-tumor immunity

Project description:Accumulating evidence has shown that cellular double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) induce antiviral innate immune responses in human normal and malignant cancer cells. However, it is not fully understood how endogenous ‘self’ dsRNA homeostasis is regulated in the cell. Here, we show that an RNA-binding protein, DEAD-box RNA helicase 3X (DDX3X), prevents the aberrant accumulation of cellular dsRNAs. Loss of DDX3X induces dsRNA sensor-mediated type I interferon signaling and innate immune response in breast cancer cells due to abnormal cytoplasmic accumulation of dsRNAs. Dual depletion of DDX3X and a dsRNA-editing protein, ADAR1 synergistically activates the cytosolic dsRNA pathway in breast cancer cell. Moreover, inhibiting DDX3X enhances the antitumor activity by increasing tumor intrinsic-type I interferon response, antigen presentation, and tumor-infiltration of cytotoxic T cells as well as dendritic cells in breast tumors, which may lead to the development of breast cancer therapy by targeting DDX3X in combination with immune checkpoint blockade. To assess the impact of DDX3X on the gene expression in the breast cancer, we stably depleted DDX3X in breast cancer MCF7 cells using a short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown, and performed a genome-wide transcriptome analysis using a next-generation RNA deep sequencing.

2020-09-03 | GSE157323 | GEO