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Co-condensation with photoexcited Cryptochromes facilitates MOS4-associated complex subunits 3A/3B to antagonize HY5 activities during photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis

ABSTRACT: Cryptochromes (CRYs) is known as the key blue light receptors that promote photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis, but to date, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Through interrogating the CRY2 interactome, we identified MOS4-ASSOCIATED COMPLEX subunits 3A and 3B (MAC3A and MAC3B) as blue light-independent CRY2 interacting partners. MAC3A/B proteins could be assembled into liquid nuclear condensates of CRYs in a blue light-dependent manner. Hypocotyl elongation is markedly repressed in mac3ab double knock-out mutants under various light conditions, which uncovers a previously unknown role of MAC3A/B as negative regulators in plant photomorphogenesis. Our results also uncover the noncanonical activities of MAC3A as the DNA-binding proteins that regulate transcription. Genome-wide mapping of MAC3A-binding sites reveals that blue light facilitates the binding of MAC3A to its targets, which is weakened in cry1cry2 mutants, suggesting that CRYs may enhance MAC3A activities in blue light to negatively influence photomorphogenesis. Interestingly, we observe that the genomic binding sites of MAC3A and HY5 are largely overlapped, and physical interactions between MAC3A and HY5 are detected as well. In addition, the in vitro DNA-binding assay shows that both proteins compete for the same DNA probe. These results indicate that MAC3A may antagonize the function of HY5 by competing for the common binding sites across the genome. Taken together, we propose that cryptochromes may fine-tune Arabidopsis photomorphogenesis by balancing the positive and negative effects on HY5 activities.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE220945 | GEO | 2023/08/21

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Arabidopsis BIC1 inactivates CRY2 by suppressing the blue light-dependent cryptochrome dimerization

Project description:Cryptochromes are blue-light receptors in plants and animals. Homodimers are the physiologically active form of plant cryptochromes that mediates blue light regulation of gene expression and photomorphogenesis, but how light regulates the photoreceptor activation and inactivation remains unclear. We identified an Arabidopsis protein BIC1 (Blue-light Inhibitor of Cryptochromes 1) that inhibits all photoreactions of plant cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) examined, allowing direct tests of the photoactivation and inactivation mechanisms of CRY2. We found that blue light stimulates homodimerization of CRY2, whereas BIC1 binds to CRY2 to suppress CRY2 dimerization and the interaction of CRY2 with its signaling partners. We further show that cryptochromes and phytochromes mediate light induction of BIC1 transcription, evoking the negative feedback circuitry to control homeostasis of the active cryptochromes under the broad spectra of solar radiation in nature.

2016-12-02 | GSE80350 | GEO

Cryptochromes interact directly with PIFs to control plant growth in limiting blue light

Project description:Sun-loving plants have the ability to detect and avoid shading through sensing of both blue and red light wavelengths. Higher plant cryptochromes (CRYs) control how plants modulate growth in response to changes in blue light. For growth under a canopy, where blue light is diminished, CRY1 and CRY2 perceive this change and respond by directly contacting two bHLH transcription factors, PIF4 and PIF5. These factors are also known to be controlled by phytochromes, the red/far-red photoreceptors; however, transcriptome analyses indicate that the gene regulatory programs induced by the different light wavelengths are distinct. Our results indicate that CRYs signal by modulating PIF activity genome-wide, and that these factors integrate binding of different plant photoreceptors to facilitate growth changes under different light conditions. We performed whole-genome chromatin immunoprecipitation with sequencing (ChIP-Seq) analysis on 5 day old Flash-CRY2, PIF4-Flash and PIF5-Flash treated in low blue-light for 16h.

2015-12-31 | E-GEOD-68193 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcriptome analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana photoreceptor mutants impaired in UV and blue light signaling

Project description:Plants use sunlight as a source of energy for photosynthesis but also as an important environmental cue to regulate growth, development and light acclimation. Wavelengths in the UV-B (280-315 nm) and UV-A/blue (315-500 nm) regions of the spectrum are perceived by UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) and cryptochromes (CRY1 and CRY2), respectively. Despite recent advances in our understanding of how these photoreceptors promote photomorphogenesis, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulated by UVR8 and CRYs in sunlight exposed plants. Here, a factorial experiment was designed to assess the roles of UVR8 and CRYs in regulating transcriptome wide changes, hormone accumulation, and growth competence of Arabidopsis thaliana plants exposed to solar UV-B, UV-A, and blue radiation.

2019-05-29 | GSE117199 | GEO

Cryptochromes interact directly with PIFs to control plant growth in limiting blue light

2015-12-31 | GSE68193 | GEO

Cryptochromes interact directly with PIFs to control plant growth in limiting blue light

2015-12-31 | GSE59699 | GEO

Cryptochromes interact directly with PIFs to control plant growth in limiting blue light

Project description:Sun-loving plants have the ability to detect and avoid shading through sensing of both blue and red light wavelengths. Higher plant cryptochromes (CRYs) control how plants modulate growth in response to changes in blue light. For growth under a canopy, where blue light is diminished, CRY1 and CRY2 perceive this change and respond by directly contacting two bHLH transcription factors, PIF4 and PIF5. These factors are also known to be controlled by phytochromes, the red/far-red photoreceptors; however, transcriptome analyses indicate that the gene regulatory programs induced by the different light wavelengths are distinct. Our results indicate that CRYs signal by modulating PIF activity genome-wide, and that these factors integrate binding of different plant photoreceptors to facilitate growth changes under different light conditions. We performed whole-genome transcriptome (mRNA-seq) analysis on 5-day-old Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia wild-type (WT) and pif4pif5 seedlings exposed to low blue-light (LBL) or mock-treated for 1, 6 and 24 hours. In addition we performed mRNA-seq on WT, 35S::PIF4-9xMyc-6x-His-3xFlag(Flash) and 35S::PIF5-9xMyc-6x-His-3xFlag (Flash) seedlings treated with LBL or mock-treated for 16 hours.

2015-12-31 | E-GEOD-59699 | biostudies-arrayexpress

A photoregulatory mechanism of the circadian clock in plants [MeRIP-seq]

Project description:Circadian clocks are the time-keeping cellular apparatuses that are photoentrained according to the day-night photocycles on Earth 1,2. Cryptochromes (CRYs) are photoreceptors mediating photoentrainment of the circadian clock in plants and animals but how CRYs mediate light regulation of the molecular clock remains unclear 1,3. Here we show that CRYs mediate photoresponses of the circadian clock by regulating the activity of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methyltransferase and photoresponses of the epitranscriptome. In contrast to the presently known CRY complexome, the CRY2-methyltransferase complex exbibits multivalent interactions and photoresponsive condensation in response to blue light. We show that photoexcited CRY2 undergoes phosphorylation-assisted demixing to form photobodies with the properties of condensed liquid phase, which facilitates assembly of the CRY2-methyltransferase complex in the condensed liquid phase of CRY2 in vivo. The mta mutant impaired in m6A methyltransferase and the cry1cry2 mutant missing CRY photoreceptors share common defects of lengthened circadian period, reduced m6A RNA methylation, and accelerated degradation of mRNAs encoding core components of the molecular clock. These results argue for a photoentrainment mechanism by which blue light elicits liquid-liquid phase separation of the CRY2-methyltransferase complex to regulate m6A mRNA methylation, consequently suppressing mRNA degradation and period lengthening of the circadian clock

2021-07-12 | GSE152465 | GEO

A photoregulatory mechanism of the circadian clock in plants [RNA-seq]

2021-07-12 | GSE152464 | GEO

Photoresponsive transcriptomes changes in cry1cry2 and m6A methyltransferase mutants

Project description:Cryptochromes are blue light receptors in plants and animals. m6A methyltransferase FIO1 and MTA interact with CRYs, here we show the RNA-seq data of cry1cry2, fio1 and mta mutants in dark and blue light.

2024-01-03 | GSE226927 | GEO

UBP12 and UBP13 deubiquitinases destabilize the CRY2 blue light receptor to regulate Arabidopsis growth

Project description:Light is a crucial exogenous signal sensed by cryptochrome (CRY) blue light receptors to modulate growth and the circadian clock in plants and animals. However, how CRYs interpret light quantity to regulate growth in plants remains poorly understood. Furthermore, CRY2 protein levels and activity are tightly regulated in light to fine-tune hypocotyl growth; however, details of the mechanisms that explain precise control of CRY2 levels are not fully understood. We show that in Arabidopsis, UBP12 and UBP13 deubiquitinases physically interact with CRY2 in light. UBP12/13 negatively regulates CRY2 by promoting its ubiquitination and turnover to modulate hypocotyl growth. Growth and development were explicitly affected in blue light when UBP12/13 were disrupted or overexpressed, indicating their role alongside CRY2. UBP12/13 also interacted with and stabilized COP1, which is partially required for CRY2 turnover. Our combined genetic and molecular data support a mechanistic model in which UBP12/13 interact with CRY2 and COP1, leading to the stabilization of COP1. Stabilized COP1 then promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of CRY2 under blue light. Despite decades of studies on deubiquitinases, the knowledge of how their activity is regulated is limited. Our study provides insight into how exogenous signals and ligands, along with their receptors, regulate deubiquitinase activity by protein-protein interaction. Collectively, our results provide a framework of cryptochromes and deubiquitinases to detect and interpret light signals to control plant growth at the most appropriate time.

2022-06-13 | GSE201685 | GEO

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