αKG-driven RNA polymerase II transcription of cyclin D1 licenses malic enzyme 2 to promote cell cycle progression
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE221723 | GEO | 2023/06/25
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:The cyclin D1 oncogene encodes the regulatory subunit of a holoenzyme that phosphorylates and inactivates the Rb protein and promotes progression through G1 to S phase of the cell cycle. Several prostate cancer cell lines and a subset of primary prostate cancer samples have increased cyclin D1 protein expression. However, the relationship between cyclin D1 expression and prostate tumor progression has yet to be clearly characterized. This study examined the effects of manipulating cyclin D1 expression in either human prostatic epithelial or stromal cells using a tissue recombination model. The data showed that overexpression of cyclin D1 in the initiated BPH-1 cell line increased cell proliferation rate, but did not elicit tumorigenicity in vivo. However, overexpression of cyclin D1 in Normal Prostate Fibroblasts (NPF) that were subsequently recombined with BPH-1 did induce malignant transformation of the epithelial cells. The present study also showed that recombination of BPH-1 + cyclin D1 overexpressing fibroblasts (NPF cyclin D1) resulted in permanent malignant transformation of epithelial cells (BPH-1 NPF-cyclin D1 cells) similar to that seen with Carcinoma Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs). Microarray analysis showed that the expression profiles between CAFs and NPF cyclin D1 cells were highly concordant including cyclin D1 upregulation. These data indicated that the tumor-promoting activity of cyclin D1 may be tissue-specific. Keywords: cyclin D1; stromal-epithelial interactions; prostate cancer; cDNA microarray
2007-09-01 | GSE6936 | GEO
Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the major post-transcriptional modification present in mammalian mRNA. m6A controls fundamental biological processes including cell proliferation, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that the m6A demethylase fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) controls the cell cycle by targeting cyclin D1, the key regulator required for G1 phase progression. FTO silencing suppressed cyclin D1 expression and induced G1 arrest. FTO depletion upregulated cyclin D1 m6A modification, which in turn accelerated the degradation of cyclin D1 mRNA. Importantly, m6A modification of cyclin D1 oscillates in a cell cycle-dependent manner; m6A levels were suppressed during the G1 phase and enhanced during other phases. Low m6A levels during G1 were associated with nuclear translocation of FTO from the cytosol. Furthermore, nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of FTO is regulated by Casein Kinase II-mediated phosphorylation at Thr 150 of FTO. Our results highlight the role of m6A in regulating cyclin D1 mRNA stability, and add a new layer of complexity to cell cycle regulation.
2020-03-23 | GSE133857 | GEO
Project description:Cyclin D1 belongs to the core cell cycle machinery1, and it is frequently overexpressed in human cancers2. The full repertoire of cyclin D1 functions in normal development and in cancer cells is currently unknown. To address this question, here we introduce a novel approach that allows one to determine the set of cyclin D1-interacting proteins (D1 “interactome”) and cyclin D1-bound genomic fragments (D1 “cistrome”) in essentially any mouse organ, at any point of development or at any stage of cancer progression. Using this approach, we detected several novel tissue-specific interactors of cyclin D1. A significant number of these partners represent proteins involved in transcription. We show, using genome-wide location analysis3, that cyclin D1 occupies promoters of a very large number of genes in the developing mouse, where it binds in close proximity to transcription start sites. Bioinformatics analyses of cyclin D1-bound genomic segments in the developing embryo revealed DNA recognition sequences for several transcription factors. By querying SAGE libraries4, promoter CpG content5 and gene expression profiles of cyclin D1-null organs, we demonstrate that cyclin D1 binds promoters of highly expressed genes, and that it functions to activate or to repress gene expression in vivo. Analyses of cyclin D1 transcriptional targets reveal that cyclin D1 contributes to cell proliferation by upregulating genes required for S-phase entry and progression. Hence, cyclin D1 plays a broad transcriptional regulatory function in vivo during normal mouse development.
2010-01-29 | GSE13635 | GEO
Project description:Cyclin D1 belongs to the core cell cycle machinery1, and it is frequently overexpressed in human cancers2. The full repertoire of cyclin D1 functions in normal development and in cancer cells is currently unknown. To address this question, here we introduce a novel approach that allows one to determine the set of cyclin D1-interacting proteins (D1 “interactome”) and cyclin D1-bound genomic fragments (D1 “cistrome”) in essentially any mouse organ, at any point of development or at any stage of cancer progression. Using this approach, we detected several novel tissue-specific interactors of cyclin D1. A significant number of these partners represent proteins involved in transcription. We show, using genome-wide location analysis3, that cyclin D1 occupies promoters of a very large number of genes in the developing mouse, where it binds in close proximity to transcription start sites. Bioinformatics analyses of cyclin D1-bound genomic segments in the developing embryo revealed DNA recognition sequences for several transcription factors. By querying SAGE libraries4, promoter CpG content5 and gene expression profiles of cyclin D1-null organs, we demonstrate that cyclin D1 binds promoters of highly expressed genes, and that it functions to activate or to repress gene expression in vivo. Analyses of cyclin D1 transcriptional targets reveal that cyclin D1 contributes to cell proliferation by upregulating genes required for S-phase entry and progression. Hence, cyclin D1 plays a broad transcriptional regulatory function in vivo during normal mouse development.
2010-01-29 | GSE13632 | GEO
Project description:Cyclin D1 belongs to the core cell cycle machinery1, and it is frequently overexpressed in human cancers2. The full repertoire of cyclin D1 functions in normal development and in cancer cells is currently unknown. To address this question, here we introduce a novel approach that allows one to determine the set of cyclin D1-interacting proteins (D1 âinteractomeâ) and cyclin D1-bound genomic fragments (D1 âcistromeâ) in essentially any mouse organ, at any point of development or at any stage of cancer progression. Using this approach, we detected several novel tissue-specific interactors of cyclin D1. A significant number of these partners represent proteins involved in transcription. We show, using genome-wide location analysis3, that cyclin D1 occupies promoters of a very large number of genes in the developing mouse, where it binds in close proximity to transcription start sites. Bioinformatics analyses of cyclin D1-bound genomic segments in the developing embryo revealed DNA recognition sequences for several transcription factors. By querying SAGE libraries4, promoter CpG content5 and gene expression profiles of cyclin D1-null organs, we demonstrate that cyclin D1 binds promoters of highly expressed genes, and that it functions to activate or to repress gene expression in vivo. Analyses of cyclin D1 transcriptional targets reveal that cyclin D1 contributes to cell proliferation by upregulating genes required for S-phase entry and progression. Hence, cyclin D1 plays a broad transcriptional regulatory function in vivo during normal mouse development. We wished to determine whether cyclin D1 functioned to positively or negatively regulate transcription of the target genes (identified by chip-on-chip) in vivo. To address this question, we asked how expression of cyclin D1-bound genes changes when cyclin D1 has been knocked-out. We dissected retinas from eyes of cyclin D1-/- or wild-type neonates, isolated RNA and hybridized it onto Affymetrix expression arrays.
2010-03-09 | E-GEOD-13635 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Interferons have been ascribed to mediate antitumor effects. IRF-1 is a major target gene of interferons. It inhibits cell proliferation and oncogenic transformation. Here we show that 60% of all mRNAs deregulated by oncogenic transformation mediated by c-myc and H-ras are reverted to the expression levels of non-transformed cells by IRF-1. These include cell cycle regulating genes. Activation of IRF-1 decreases cyclin D1 expression and CDK4 kinase activity concomitant with dephosphorylation of pRb. These effects of IRF-1 are mediated by inhibition of the MEK-ERK pathway and a transcriptional repression of cyclin D1. IRF-1 mediated effects on cell cycle progression were found to be overridden by ectopic expression of cyclin D1. Ablation of cyclin D1 by RNA interference experiments prevents transformation and tumor growth in nude mice. The data demonstrate that cyclin D1 is a key target for IRF-1 mediated tumor suppressive effects. Keywords: NIH3T3 cells, myc, ras, IRF-1, proliferation, transformation, G1/S cell cycle ceckpoint
2006-12-16 | GSE6505 | GEO
Project description:Cyclin D1 belongs to the core cell cycle machinery1, and it is frequently overexpressed in human cancers2. The full repertoire of cyclin D1 functions in normal development and in cancer cells is currently unknown. To address this question, here we introduce a novel approach that allows one to determine the set of cyclin D1-interacting proteins (D1 âinteractomeâ) and cyclin D1-bound genomic fragments (D1 âcistromeâ) in essentially any mouse organ, at any point of development or at any stage of cancer progression. Using this approach, we detected several novel tissue-specific interactors of cyclin D1. A significant number of these partners represent proteins involved in transcription. We show, using genome-wide location analysis3, that cyclin D1 occupies promoters of a very large number of genes in the developing mouse, where it binds in close proximity to transcription start sites. Bioinformatics analyses of cyclin D1-bound genomic segments in the developing embryo revealed DNA recognition sequences for several transcription factors. By querying SAGE libraries4, promoter CpG content5 and gene expression profiles of cyclin D1-null organs, we demonstrate that cyclin D1 binds promoters of highly expressed genes, and that it functions to activate or to repress gene expression in vivo. Analyses of cyclin D1 transcriptional targets reveal that cyclin D1 contributes to cell proliferation by upregulating genes required for S-phase entry and progression. Hence, cyclin D1 plays a broad transcriptional regulatory function in vivo during normal mouse development. We hypothesized that cyclin D1 may play role in transcription by interacting with transcriptional machinery at the promoters of target genes. To test this possibility, we employed chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to DNA microarray analysis (genome-wide location analysis or ChIP-chip) to study association of cyclin D1 with genomic DNA sequences. In this procedure, a protein of interest is crosslinked to DNA, immunoprecipitated, and the bound DNA is hybridized to an array containing probes that span the genome. Since anti-FLAG antibodies have been successfully used for ChIP-chip in several different systems including murine cells, knock-in mice expressing tagged cyclin D1 provided us with a novel tool to query the association of cyclin D1 with the genome in vivo, in a living mouse.
2010-05-15 | E-GEOD-13632 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The progesterone receptor (PR) and its coactivators are direct targets of activated cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in response to peptide growth factors, progesterone, and deregulation of cell cycle inhibitors. Herein, using the T47D breast cancer model, we probed mechanisms of cell cycle-dependent PR action. In the absence of exogenous progestin, the PR is specifically phosphorylated during the G2/M phase. Accordingly, numerous PR target genes are cell cycle regulated, including HSPB8, a heat-shock protein whose high expression is associated with tamoxifen resistance. Progestin-induced HSPB8 expression required cyclin D1 and was insensitive to antiestrogens but blocked by antiprogestins or inhibition of specificity factor 1 (SP1). HSPB8 expression increased with or without ligand when cells were G2/M synchronized or contained high levels of cyclin D1. Knockdown of PRs abrogated ligand-independent HSPB8 expression in synchronized cells. Notably, PRs and cyclin D1 copurified in whole-cell lysates of transiently transfected COS-1 cells and in PR-positive T47D breast cancer cells expressing endogenous cyclin D1. PRs, cyclin D1, and SP1 were recruited to the HSPB8 promoter in progestin-treated T47D breast cancer cells. Mutation of PR Ser345 to Ala (S345A) or inhibition of CDK2 activity using roscovitine disrupted PR/cyclin D1 interactions with DNA and blocked HSPB8 mRNA expression. Interaction of phosphorylated PRs with SP1 and cyclin D1 provides a mechanism for targeting transcriptionally active PRs to selected gene promoters relevant to breast cancer progression. Understanding the functional linkage between PRs and cell cycle regulatory proteins will provide keys to targeting novel PR/cyclin D1 cross talk in both hormone-responsive disease and HSPB8-high refractory disease with high HSPB8 expression.
2014-02-27 | GSE46715 | GEO
Project description:Interferons have been ascribed to mediate antitumor effects. IRF-1 is a major target gene of interferons. It inhibits cell proliferation and oncogenic transformation. Here we show that 60% of all mRNAs deregulated by oncogenic transformation mediated by c-myc and H-ras are reverted to the expression levels of non-transformed cells by IRF-1. These include cell cycle regulating genes. Activation of IRF-1 decreases cyclin D1 expression and CDK4 kinase activity concomitant with dephosphorylation of pRb. These effects of IRF-1 are mediated by inhibition of the MEK-ERK pathway and a transcriptional repression of cyclin D1. IRF-1 mediated effects on cell cycle progression were found to be overridden by ectopic expression of cyclin D1. Ablation of cyclin D1 by RNA interference experiments prevents transformation and tumor growth in nude mice. The data demonstrate that cyclin D1 is a key target for IRF-1 mediated tumor suppressive effects. Experiment Overall Design: 3 samples were analysed, two replicates per sample. NIH3T3 cells were compared with myc/ras transformed NIH3T3 cells and with IRF1 expressing myc/ras transformed cells.
2008-06-14 | E-GEOD-6505 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B-cell neoplasm characterized by the t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation leading to cyclin D1 overexpression. Cyclin D1 is a major cell cycle regulator and also has a role in transcription, but the effect of the latter in tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the transcriptional role of cyclin D1 in MCL and its impact on the pathogenesis of this neoplasm. Integrating genome-wide expression analysis of cyclin D1-silenced and overexpressing cells with cyclin D1 chromatin binding profiles, we identified a cyclin D1-activated transcriptional program in MCL cells. We used microarrays to analyze the genome-wide expression modulation in cyclin D1 overexpression models established in the cyclin D1-negative lymphoblastoid cell line JVM13.
2021-06-30 | GSE144095 | GEO