An adaptive stress response that confers cellular resilience to decreased ubiquitination
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE222110 | GEO | 2023/10/18
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:UBA1 is the primary E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme, regulating stability and function of numerous proteins via initiating their ubiquitination. Decreased or insufficient ubiquitination can cause or drive aging and many deadly diseases. Therefore, a small-molecule UBA1 activity enhancer could have broad therapeutic potential. Here we report that auranofin, a drug approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is a potent UBA1 activity enhancer. Auranofin binds to the UBA1’s ubiquitin fold domain in vitro with a KD of 5.19 nM. The binding enhances UBA1 interactions with at least 20 different E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, facilitating ubiquitin charging to E2 and increasing the activities of five representative E3s in vitro. Auranofin promotes ubiquitination and degradation of misfolded ER proteins during ER-associated degradation in cells at low nanomolar concentrations. It also facilitates outer mitochondrial membrane-associated degradation. This study discovered the first small-molecule UBA1 activity enhancer, providing a much-needed tool for UBA1 research and therapeutic exploration.
2023-07-10 | PXD042558 | Pride
Project description:Protein ubiquitination is mediated sequentially by ubiquitin activating enzyme E1, ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2, and ubiquitin ligase E3. Uba1 was thought to be the only E1 until the recent identification of Uba6 as an alternative. To differentiate the biological functions of Uba1 and Uba6, we applied a novel orthogonal ubiquitin transfer (OUT) technology to profile their ubiquitination targets in mammalian cells. By expressing pairs of an engineered ubiquitin and engineered Uba1 or Uba6 that were generated for exclusive interactions, we identified 697 Uba6 targets and 529 Uba1 targets with 258 overlaps. Bioinformatics revealed substantial differences in pathways involving Uba1- and Uba6-specific targets. We demonstrated that polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of ezrin and CUGBP1 require Uba6, but not Uba1, and Uba6 is involved in the control of ezrin localization and epithelial morphogenesis. These data reveal the distinctive substrate pools for Uba1 and Uba6 and manifest non-redundant biological roles for Uba6
2018-10-26 | PXD005500 | Pride
Project description:Protein ubiquitination is mediated sequentially by ubiquitin activating enzyme E1, ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2, and ubiquitin ligase E3. Uba1 was thought to be the only E1 until the recent identification of Uba6 as an alternative. To differentiate the biological functions of Uba1 and Uba6, we applied a novel orthogonal ubiquitin transfer (OUT) technology to profile their ubiquitination targets in mammalian cells. By expressing pairs of an engineered ubiquitin and engineered Uba1 or Uba6 that were generated for exclusive interactions, we identified 697 Uba6 targets and 529 Uba1 targets with 258 overlaps. Bioinformatics revealed substantial differences in pathways involving Uba1- and Uba6-specific targets. We demonstrated that polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of ezrin and CUGBP1 require Uba6, but not Uba1, and Uba6 is involved in the control of ezrin localization and epithelial morphogenesis. These data reveal the distinctive substrate pools for Uba1 and Uba6 and manifest non-redundant biological roles for Uba6.
2017-07-31 | PXD005513 | Pride
Project description:To begin to identify downstream consequences of TGF-β1-induced reduction of estrogen receptor expression, we employed RNA-Seq. Results of global transcriptomic analysis showed that TGF-β1 and E2 inversely modulated the expression of several genes involved in both known pro-fibrotic cellular processes such as extracellular matrix turnover and newly identified events including airway smooth muscle cell contraction and calcium flux regulation. We also report, for the first time, that E2 specifically modulated the expression of genes involved in chromatin remodeling pathways and that this regulation was absent in the presence of TGF-β1. Collectively, these results suggest that E2 influences pathways relevant to pulmonary fibrosis and highlights potential roles for E2 in the lung that may contribute to sex-specific differences in IPF.
2017-06-28 | GSE100574 | GEO
Project description:Fruits are unique to flowering plants and play a central role in seed maturation and dispersal. Molecular dissection of fruit ripening has received considerable interest because of the biological and dietary significance of fruit. To better understand the regulatory mechanisms underlying fruit ripening, we report here the first comprehensive analysis of the nuclear proteome in tomato fruits. Nuclear proteins were isolated from tomatoes in different stages of ripening, and subjected to iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) analysis. The proteins that changed abundance across ripening stages are involved in various cellular processes. We additionally evaluated the changes in the nuclear proteome in the ripening-deficient mutant ripening inhibitor (rin) carrying a mutation in the transcription factor RIN. A set of proteins were identified and particular attention was paid to SlUBC32 and PSMD2, the components of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Through chromatin immunoprecipitation and gel mobility shift assay, we provide evidence that RIN directly bound to the promoters of SlUBC32 and PSMD2. Moreover, loss of RIN function affected protein ubiquitination in nuclei. SlUBC32 encodes an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme and genome-wide survey of the E2 gene family in tomatoes identified five more E2s as the direct targets of RIN. Two E2s were demonstrated to be involved in the regulation of fruit ripening based on virus-induced gene silencing assays. Our results uncover the novel function of protein ubiquitination, identifying specific E2s as regulator in fruit ripening. These findings contribute to the unraveling of the gene regulatory networks that control fruit ripening.
2014-11-18 | PXD001414 | Pride
Project description:In the early stage of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, E2 and E6 proteins are expressed and elicit specific immune response to clear cervical lesion. HPV E6 protein can reduce type I interferon (IFN) including IFN-? that involves in immune evasion and HPV persistence. To evaluate the role of E2 protein in modulation of the expression of cellular genes as well as innate immune associated genes in HPV associated cervical cancer, genome-wide expression profiling of human primary keratinocytes (HPK) harbouring HPV16 E2 and HPV18 E2 was investigated using microarray assay and innate immune associated genes were analyzed. These results indicated that HPV E2s altered cellular gene expression including immune associated genes. Altered cellular signaling pathways in HPK expressing HPV E2s based on KEGG database. The top 10 canonical pathways include metabolic pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, pathway in cancer, viral carcinogenesis, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, leukocyte transendothelial migration, chemokine signaling, and focal adhesion.
2014-01-14 | GSE54008 | GEO
Project description:The Androgen Receptor (AR) is a pivotal protein in human physiology, exerting significant influence on both male and female physiology (PMID: 18434134, 25905231). Functioning as a nuclear transcription factor, AR binds to testosterone, translocates to the nucleus, and subsequently regulates the expression of numerous genes, impacting vital cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis (PMID: 4810760, 25237629). The prominent role of AR in human physiology is particularly notable in the context of prostate cancer initiation, where aberrant AR signaling has been identified as a key driver in tumorigenesis (PMID: 4810760, 27057074, 37429011). However, despite the considerable success of the current anti-androgen therapeutic approach, it faces the formidable challenge of drug resistance, significantly limiting the clinical outcome for patients and necessitating the urgent development of new therapeutic approaches to overcome resistance (PMID: 26563462, 24881730, 31363002, 35582713). Notably, one key feature of antiandrogen resistance is the sustained or enhanced AR signaling observed in many resistant tumors (PMID: 26563462, 34449248, 23580326), although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear. Protein degradation, with ubiquitination at its core, plays a critical role in cell functionality, ensuring the elimination of redundant and harmful proteins (PMID: 16738015, 33634825). This intricate process involves the attachment of small proteins called ubiquitin to target proteins, marking them for degradation. Dysregulation of ubiquitination can lead to the accumulation of oncogenic proteins, contributing to tumorigenesis and therapy resistance in various cancers (PMID: 32296023, 33004065). The degradation of proteins is a complex process that involves the coordination of E1, E2 and E3 enzymes, with E3 enzymes binding to the target protein (PMID: 21111229, 20930542). Logically, research has focused on finding E3s targeting AR for degradation but has overlooked the role that E2s play in the ubiquitination process. In recent years, E2s have been shown to dictate the how and where ubiquitin gets attached in the target protein, dictating the fate of the protein (PMID: 27002219, 19851334). Therefore, finding the E2 involved in the degradation of AR can prove to be essential. In this study, we conducted an in vivo library screening approach and identified UBE2J1 as the bona fide E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme for AR ubiquitination. Our results demonstrated that the frequent loss of UBE2J1 in prostate cancer leads to dysregulated and impaired AR ubiquitination and degradation. Consequently, this promotes the accumulation of AR proteins and confers resistance to antiandrogen treatment in UBE2J1-deficient prostate cancer cells. To address this, we developed an innovative ubiquitination-based AR degrader that effectively restores AR ubiquitination, thereby resensitizing prostate cancer cells to antiandrogen therapy. These findings not only unveil the pivotal role of UBE2J1 as the crucial E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme for AR degradation but also shed light on a novel mechanism through which advanced prostate cancer cells upregulate AR protein levels, thereby acquiring resistance to existing antiandrogen therapy. These novel insights hold the potential to inform the development of more effective therapeutic strategies against advanced prostate cancers.
2024-02-09 | GSE240305 | GEO
Project description:UBA1 initiates most cellular ubiquitin signaling by activating and transferring ubiquitin to tens of E2 enzymes. Clonally acquired UBA1 missense mutations cause a severe inflammatory-hematologic overlap disease called VEXAS (vacuoles, E1, X-linked autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome. Despite extensive investigation into the clinical manifestations of this lethal disease, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we systematically dissect VEXAS-causing mutations in UBA1 to better understand disease pathogenesis. We find that only UBA1 p.Met41 mutations alter cytoplasmic isoform expression, while the remaining mutations reduce catalytic function of both cytoplasmic and nuclear isoforms by diverse mechanisms, including defective ubiquitin adenylation, reduced thioesterification, and aberrant oxyester formation. Strikingly, most non-p.Met41 mutations prominently affect transthioesterification, revealing ubiquitin conjugation to cytoplasmic E2 enzymes as a shared property of pathogenesis amongst different VEXAS syndrome genotypes.
| MSV000092914 | MassIVE
Project description:In the 1950s the drug thalidomide administered as a sedative to pregnant women led ot the birth of thousands of children with multiple defects. Despite its teratogenicity, thalidomide and ist IMiD derivatives recently emerged as effective treatments for multiple myeloma and 5q-dysplasia. IMiDs target the CUL4-RBX1-DDB1-CRBN (CRL4(CRBN)) ubiquitin ligase. Through an unbiased screen we identify the homeobox trranscription factor MEIS2 as an endogenous substrate of CRL4(CRBN). By definition, a specific target of CRL4(CRBN) is expected to have a very low intensity on negative control arrays (E1_E2), (E1_CRBN), (E1_E2_Cdt2), (E1_E2_Cdt2_revlimid), (E1_E2_Cdt2_CSN) or with CRL4(CRBN) in presence of inhibitor (E1_E2_CRBN_revlimid) and high intensity on arrays with CRL4(CRBN) (E1_E2_CRBN) or CRL4(CRBN) in presence of CSN (E1_E2_CRBN_CSN) Accordingly 16 protein microarrays were subjected to in vitro ubiquitylation using the following enzyme combinations: 3x Uba1+UbcH5a; 2x Uba1+UbcH5a+CRL4(DDB2); 3x Uba1+UbcH5a+CRL4(CRBN); 2x Uba1+UbcH5a+CRL4(CRBN)+lenalidomide; 2x Uba1+UbcH5a+CRL4(CRBN)+CSN; 2x Uba1+UbcH5a+CRL4(Cdt2); 1x Uba1+UbcH5a+CRL4(Cdt2)+CSN; 1x Uba1+UbcH5a+CRL4(Cdt2)+lenalidomide
2014-05-13 | E-GEOD-57554 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The cyclic oligonucleotide-based anti-phage signalling system (CBASS) is a typeof innate prokaryotic immune system. Composed of a cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and CBASS-associated proteins, CBASS utilizes cyclic oligonucleotides to activate antiviral immunity. One major class of CBASS contains a homolog of eukaryotic ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, which is either an E1-E2 fusion or a single E2. However, the functions of single E2s in CBASS remain elusive. Here, we report that a bacterial E2 enzyme regulates cGAS by imitating the ubiquitination cascade. This includes the processing of the cGAS C-terminus, conjugation of cGAS to a cysteine residue, ligation of cGAS to a lysine residue, cleavage of the isopeptide bond, and poly-cGASylation. The poly-cGASylation activates cGAS to produce cGAMP, which acts as an antiviral signal and leads to cell death. Thus, our findings reveal a unique regulatory role of E2 in CBASS.
2024-02-27 | PXD050178 | iProX