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Chemical-Induced Phase Transition and Global Conformational Reorganization of Chromatin [RNA-seq]

ABSTRACT: Chemicals or drugs were demonstrated to accumulate within biomolecule condensates formed through phase separation in cells. Here, we employed super-resolution imaging to search for chemicals that induce phase transition of chromatin at the microscale. We found that adriamycin (doxorubicin), a widely-used chemotherapeutic drug against malignancies, is able to induce local condensation and global conformational change of chromatin in cancer and primary cells. Hi-C and ATAC-seq experiments demonstrated that adriamycin-induced chromatin condensation is accompanied by weakened chromatin interaction within topologically-associated domains, compartment A/B switching, lower chromatin accessibility, and corresponding transcriptomic changes. Mechanistically, adriamycin complexes with histone H1 and induces the phase transition of H1, forming fibrous aggregates in vitro. Our results reveal a new action mechanism of an anti-cancer drug discovered for decades, demonstrate the link between the physical properties of chromatin and gene expression, and suggest that interactions between drugs and biomolecules could exert profound effects on cells.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE222221 | GEO | 2023/01/11

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Chemical-Induced Phase Transition and Global Conformational Reorganization of Chromatin [ATAC-seq]

Project description:Chemicals or drugs were demonstrated to accumulate within biomolecule condensates formed through phase separation in cells. Here, we employed super-resolution imaging to search for chemicals that induce phase transition of chromatin at the microscale. We found that adriamycin (doxorubicin), a widely-used chemotherapeutic drug against malignancies, is able to induce local condensation and global conformational change of chromatin in cancer and primary cells. Hi-C and ATAC-seq experiments demonstrated that adriamycin-induced chromatin condensation is accompanied by weakened chromatin interaction within topologically-associated domains, compartment A/B switching, lower chromatin accessibility, and corresponding transcriptomic changes. Mechanistically, adriamycin complexes with histone H1 and induces the phase transition of H1, forming fibrous aggregates in vitro. Our results reveal a new action mechanism of an anti-cancer drug discovered for decades, demonstrate the link between the physical properties of chromatin and gene expression, and suggest that interactions between drugs and biomolecules could exert profound effects on cells.

2023-01-11 | GSE222220 | GEO

Chemical-Induced Phase Transition and Global Conformational Reorganization of Chromatin [Hi-C]

2023-01-11 | GSE222637 | GEO

Identification and analysis of phosphorylation within Xenopus laevis linker histone H1.0

Project description:As a key structural component of the chromatin of higher eukaryotes, linker histones (H1s) are involved in stabilizing the folding of extended nucleosome arrays into higher-order chromatin structures and function as a gene-specific regulators of transcription in vivo. The H1 C-terminal domain (CTD) is essential for high affinity binding of linker histones to chromatin and stabilization of higher-order chromatin structure. Importantly, the H1 CTD is an intrinsically disordered domain that undergoes a drastic condensation upon binding to nucleosomes. Moroever, although phosphorylation is a prevalent posttranslational modification (PTM) within the H1 CTD, exactly where this modification is installed and how phosphorylation influences the structure of the H1 CTD remains unclear for many H1s. Using novel mass spectrometry techniques, we identified six phosphorylation sites within the CTD of the archetypal linker histone Xenopus H1.0. We then analyzed nucleosome-dependent CTD condensation and H1-dependent linker DNA conformation for six full-length H1s in which the phosphorylated serine residues were replaced by glutamic acid residues.

2022-08-12 | PXD032292 | Pride

LncRNA SNHG8d impedes chromatin condensation and epithelial differentiation by phase separating histone H1.

Project description:LncRNA SNHG8d impedes chromatin condensation and epithelial differentiation by phase separating histone H1.

| PRJNA636659 | ENA

LncRNA SNHG8d impedes chromatin condensation and epithelial differentiation by phase separating histone H1 [ATAC-seq]

Project description:LncRNA SNHG8d impedes chromatin condensation and epithelial differentiation by phase separating histone H1 [ATAC-seq]

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LncRNA SNHG8d impedes chromatin condensation and epithelial differentiation by phase separating histone H1 [RNA-seq]

Project description:LncRNA SNHG8d impedes chromatin condensation and epithelial differentiation by phase separating histone H1 [RNA-seq]

| PRJNA636662 | ENA

LncRNA SNHG8d impedes chromatin condensation and epithelial differentiation by phase separating histone H1 [RNA-seq]

Project description:Linker histone H1, the key chromatin structural protein facilitating higher order chromatin folding, isan important epigenetic mark and regulator for gene expression and cellular differentiation. However, mechanisms thatregulate H1 binding affinity to chromatin remain elusive. In an attempt to screen functionallong non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs), we designed a cell-type specific score (CTSS) algorithm on the basis of RNA-seq data derived fromcell lines of different origins, which leads to the identification of an epithelium-specific lncRNA designated assmall nucleolar RNA host gene 8 (SNHG8). In epithelial cells, loss of SNHG8d, a major transcriptof SNHG8, remodels the genomic expression profiletowards differentiation. Mechanistically, SNHG8d is localized in the nucleus and manifests stronginteraction withallthe histone H1 variants detected.Loss of SNHG8dleads to increasedH1 binding affinity to chromatinand subsequentchromatin condensationwhichdictates the epithelial differentiation-orientedgenomic expression remodeling.Further analysis proposes that SNHG8d regulates H1-chromatin affinityby competing with linker DNA forhistone H1 binding througha phase-separation mechanism. Thus, our study revealed a lncRNA-conducted mechanismthat sequesters histone H1 from chromatin through phase separation to sequentially regulatechromatin structure, gene expressionandepithelialdifferentiation.

2021-12-31 | GSE151625 | GEO

LncRNA SNHG8d impedes chromatin condensation and epithelial differentiation by phase separating histone H1 [ATAC-seq]

Project description:Linker histone H1, the key chromatin structural protein facilitating higher order chromatin folding, is an important epigenetic mark and regulator for gene expression and cellular differentiation. However, mechanisms thatregulate H1 binding affinity to chromatin remain elusive. In an attempt to screen functionallong non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs), we designed a cell-type specific score (CTSS) algorithm on the basis of RNA-seq data derived fromcell lines of different origins, which leads to the identification of an epithelium-specific lncRNA designated assmall nucleolar RNA host gene 8 (SNHG8). In epithelial cells, loss of SNHG8d, a major transcriptof SNHG8, remodels the genomic expression profiletowards differentiation. Mechanistically, SNHG8d is localized in the nucleus and manifests stronginteraction withallthe histone H1 variants detected.Loss of SNHG8dleads to increasedH1 binding affinity to chromatinand subsequentchromatin condensationwhichdictates the epithelial differentiation-orientedgenomic expression remodeling.Further analysis proposes that SNHG8d regulates H1-chromatin affinityby competing with linker DNA forhistone H1 binding througha phase-separation mechanism. Thus, our study revealed a lncRNA-conducted mechanismthat sequesters histone H1 from chromatin through phase separation to sequentially regulatechromatin structure, gene expressionandepithelialdifferentiation.

2021-12-31 | GSE151624 | GEO

SUMOylation of Linker Histone H1 Drives Chromatin Condensation and Restriction of Embryonic Cell Fate Identity

Project description:SUMOylation of Linker Histone H1 Drives Chromatin Condensation and Restriction of Embryonic Cell Fate Identity

| PRJNA641363 | ENA

Transcription factor binding in human cells occurs in dense clusters formed around cohesin anchor sites [Validation Set]

Project description:During cell division, transcription factors (TFs) are removed from chromatin twice, during DNA synthesis, and during condensation of chromosomes. How TFs can efficiently find their sites following these stages has been unclear. Here, we have analyzed the binding pattern of expressed TFs in human colorectal cancer cells. We find that binding of TFs is highly clustered, and that the clusters are enriched in binding motifs for several major TF classes. Strikingly, almost all clusters are formed around cohesin, and loss of cohesin decreases both DNA accessibility and binding of TFs to clusters. We show that cohesin remains bound in S phase, holding the nascent sister chromatids together at the TF cluster sites. Furthermore, cohesin remains bound to the cluster sites when TFs are evicted in early M-phase. These results suggest that cohesin binding functions as a cellular memory that promotes re- stablishment of TF clusters after DNA replication and chromatin condensation. Examination of TF binding by ChIP-seq in a CRC cell-line.

2013-09-25 | E-GEOD-51142 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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