RNAseq comparison of gene expression profiles in Hand2-Cre driven Msx1/Msx2 double conditional mutant and control mouse embryonic mandible
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE222566 | GEO | 2024/01/10
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:The functional jaw is composed of multiple connective tissues including skeletal components (bone, cartilage, and teeth), tendon, ligament, and musculature. Cranial neural crest-derived mesenchyme of the mandibular arch give rise to diverse tissue types within the lower jaw. To understand how the specification of diverse cell types with spatial and temporal precision is achieved, we profile multi-omic chromatin accessibility (snATACseq) and transcriptome (snRNAseq) of jaw mesenchyme at single-cell resolution from the developing zebrafish jaw.
2023-02-13 | GSE210251 | GEO
Project description:Recently, there is increasing report of bone necrosis exceptionally in jaw bone areas after long term administration of anti-resorptive agent, bisphosphonate (BP). It is still unknown that why BP does not result in osteonecrosis but potentiate fracture repair in axial skeleton such as long bones. Many reports had shown that mandibular bone or calvarial bone exhibits lesser resoption than iliac bone graft for maxillofacial bone defect.(Jackson et al 1986, Koole et al 1989),(Crespi et al 2007) These might be attributed to the embryological difference between the two different type of the bone; intramembranous versus endochondral bone formation. Maxilla and mandibular alveolar and basal bone are originated from neural crest cells and exhibit intramembranous bone formation.(Chai and Maxson 2006) However, axial skeleton such as iliac or tibial bones are originated from mesoderm and undergo endochondral bone formation.(Helms and Schneider 2003) It had been reported that there is distinct phenotype difference in human bone cells from different skeletal origin.(Akintoye et al 2006, Kasperk et al 1997),(Matsubara et al 2005) Akintoye et al.(Akintoye et al 2006) reported that mandibular bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) displayed a fibroblast-like morphology similar to iliac BMSCs in histological appearance. However, mandibular bone contained less red marrow and hematopoietic cells, whereas the iliac bone contained more red marrow thereby contributing more to hematopoiesis. This differential capacity of mandibular BMSCs with less hematopoietic stem cells is better than that of iliac BMSCs because mitosis in hematopoietic stem cells is usually stopped. They also reported that maxillofacial BMSCs shows higher proliferation rate and alkaline phosphotase activity.(Akintoye et al 2006, Akintoye et al 2008) However, in vivo response of human BMSCs to osteogenic induction was higher in iliac bone than maxillomandibular bone.(Akintoye et al 2006) Other reports had shown that BMSCs from mandible showed better in vitro and in vivo bone formation capacity compared to tibia from rats.(Aghaloo et al 2010) Matsubara et al. reported that osteogenic potential of human or canine alveolar bone and iliac bone-derived cells (BC) are similar but showed difference in chondrogenic and adipogenic potential.(Matsubara et al 2005) From the previous studies, the site-related difference of mandibular and iliac BC are clear. However, the pattern of the site-specificity are not exactly same among above mentioned studies. These might be attributed to the difference in the experimental subjects (species, age) and study design (in-patient or random comparison, etc). Moreover, underlying genetic mechanism of these skeletal-site dependent difference had not been fully investigated. The investigation of site-specific differences in the gene expression would be help to understand the mechanism of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ), which recently has become an major issue in dentistry. Considering that bisphosphonate is frequently prescribed to elderly patients who have a higher risk of osteoporosis, it is necessary to conduct a experimental analysis of cells from older-aged donors. It had been suggested that anatomical site-specific difference can be influenced by 1) difference in the regional blood supply, 2) difference in bone composition (lamellar bone versus trabecular bone), 3) difference in physiological strain exerted to bone, 4) difference in gene expression according to skeletal site.(Kasperk et al 1997) In this study, bone cells derived from elderly donors went through microarray analysis under the hypothesis that there would be the differences in gene expressions involved in bone formation or cell proliferation of bone cells from iliac and mandible. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in gene expression between the human mandible and iliac bone so that we can understand the genetic difference in the two different type of bones. <<<References>>> 1. Jackson IT, Helden G, Marx R. Skull bone grafts in maxillofacial and craniofacial surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1986; 44:949-955. 2. Koole R, Bosker H, van der Dussen FN. Late secondary autogenous bone grafting in cleft patients comparing mandibular (ectomesenchymal) and iliac crest (mesenchymal) grafts. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 1989; 17 Suppl 1:28-30. 3. Crespi R, Vinci R, Cappare P, Gherlone E, Romanos GE. Calvarial versus iliac crest for autologous bone graft material for a sinus lift procedure: a histomorphometric study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2007; 22:527-532. 4. Chai Y, Maxson RE, Jr. Recent advances in craniofacial morphogenesis. Dev Dyn 2006; 235:2353-2375. 5. Helms JA, Schneider RA. Cranial skeletal biology. Nature 2003; 423:326-331. 6. Kasperk C, Helmboldt A, Borcsok Iet al. Skeletal site-dependent expression of the androgen receptor in human osteoblastic cell populations. Calcif Tissue Int 1997; 61:464-473. <<< Important Abstract of Associated reference>>> Kingsmill VJ1, McKay IJ, Ryan P, Ogden MR, Rawlinson SC. Gene expression profiles of mandible reveal features of both calvarial and ulnar bones in the adult rat.J Dent. 2013 Mar;41(3):258-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.11.010. Epub 2012 Nov 23. OBJECTIVES: Limb and mandibular alveolar bone of the mandible are susceptible to disuse osteopenia, whilst skull and mandibular basal bone appear to resist excessive generalised bone loss. We wanted to compare the site-specific transcriptome of anatomically and functionally distinct bones to confirm the composite nature of the mandible at the molecular level. METHODS: Gene expression profiles were obtained for the mandible, ulna, and calvaria of adult male rats using Affymetrix Rat Genome 230 2.0 GeneChips. Ingenuity Pathways Assist generated association maps, and RGD database software identified site-specific pathways. RESULTS: The majority of expressed transcripts (84%) are common to all three sites. The mandible expressed 873 transcripts in common with ulna but not calvaria, and 1014 transcripts in common with calvaria but not ulna. Transcripts in these groups were excluded if they showed significant differential expression (>2-fold) and the remaining mapped genes were filtered for those related to modulation of gene transcription. Analysis of these genes revealed common pathways shared by the mandible and ulna, or mandible and calvaria, which were not shared by the calvaria and ulna. CONCLUSIONS: There were relatively few differences in the expression of genes responsible for the bone formation process per se in different functional skeletal sites. Differential transcription factor expression suggests that it is the regulation of bone formation and not the mechanism of bone formation itself that differs between the skeletal sites. CLINICAL SIGNIFICAN Objectives: The exact genetic difference between the jaw and long bone had not been clearly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in gene expression between the human mandible and iliac bone-derived cells. Methods: Primary cells were obtained from mandibular and iliac bone from the 6 healthy, elderly donors (average age 60.2 years) during the reconstruction of mandibular alveolar bone defects. To investigate site-specific difference, within-patient comparison were carried out with cell proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation assay. Gene expression profile of mandible and iliac BC (bone-derived cell) were compared using cDNA microarray analysis using Affymetrix GeneChipM-BM-.. Results: The mandibular BC showed stronger proliferative capacity but weaker osteoblastic differentiation. The comparison of the gene expression profile identified that 82 genes were significantly up-regulated and 66 genes were down-regulated 1.5 fold or greater in mandible compared to iliac BC. The most significantly differentially regulated genes were associated with skeletal system development and morphogenesis (SIX1, MSX1, MSX2, HAND2, PRRX1, OSR2, HOX gene family, PITX2). Microarray analysis revealed that Msx1 was 2.03 fold and Msx2 was 1.99 fold up-regulated in mandible compared to iliac BC (both p<0.01). HOX gene group in mandibular BC was down-regulated (p<0.01). Osteopontin was also 2.84 fold down-regulated in mandible BC (p<0.01). We found that the results of the microarray were reproducible with qRT-PCR. Conclusions: Site-specific difference between jaw and long bone can be explained by the different gene expression pattern, which is primarily related with embryological origin of these two different bones. Human mandible and iliac bone chip was were collected from 6 donors (average 60.2 years, ranged from 56 to 69 years; 3 males, 3 females). Primary cells from this bone chips were utilized to analysis. Therefore 6 sets of iliac and mandibular bone-derived cells were obtained. <<detailed method>> The experimental protocol using human tissue was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kyungpook National University Hospital (KNUH_10-1093). Informed consent was obtained from each donors who were undergoing iliac bone graft to mandibular alveolar bone defect. To collect osteoblast-like primary cells migrated from bone chips cortical or cortico-cancellous bone was harvested with the similar method described previously. Human mandible and iliac bone chip was were collected from 6 donors (average 60.2 years, ranged from 56 to 69 years; 3 males, 3 females), of healthy general condition without clinical inflammatory lesion in oral cavity. After complete reflection of periosteal layer, the mandibular bone and iliac crest was visualized. Mandibular cortical or cortico-cancellous bone chip was collected by a ronguer during the host bone trimming and decortication procedure for iliac bone graft to edentulous mandible. Similarly, small amount of iliac cortico-cancellous bone chip was collected seperately during the iliac bone harvesting procedure from the same patient. The harvested bone were broke into small pieces and the size of the bone particle became to be 2~4mm in length. The collected bone samples from the two sites were treated with the same method. The bone sample were gently rinsed with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM, Lonza Group Ltd., Basel, Switzerland) containing heparin to exclude fat and blood. The particulated bone were then transferred into culture flasks and cultured with DMEM supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS, GIBCO-Invetrogen, Carlsbad, CA), 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 mg/ml streptomycin sulphate and 2 mM glutamine incubated at 37M-BM-0C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air. The medium was first changed 2 days after seeding to remove non-adherent cells and the media (DMEM - 20% FBS) was changed every 2 days until the cells migrated out from the explants and reached confluency. Subconfluent primary cells were trypsinized and replated to 75 Cm2 flask. At passage 2, the cells were harvested to extract RNA for cDNA microarray.
2014-06-14 | E-GEOD-58474 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Certain bone graft materials are employed for alveolar bone regeneration, and autografts are commonly used. Alveolar and jaw bones are developmentally derived from neural crest cells, while most trunk and limb bones are derived from mesodermal mesenchymal cells. Consequently, the chosen bone graft material is likely to have a different developmental origin than the recipient bone. We hypothesized that there are differences in the gene expression profiles and bone healing capacities between bones with different developmental origins. Therefore, we investigated these properties in the maxilla, mandible, ilium and femur. DNA microarray data revealed close homology between the gene expression profiles of the ilium and femur. The gene expressions of Wnt-1, P75, SOX10, Nestin and Musashi-1 were significantly higher in the maxilla and mandible than in the ilium and femur. The frontal bone healed faster than the parietal bone. Parietal bone defects transplanted with maxillary and mandibular bone grafts exhibited closure. Thus, it is suggested that the maxilla and mandible have different gene expression profiles from the other bones examined, and exhibit neural crest cell properties with a marked healing ability in adults. The data further suggest that jaw bones are effective as both bone graft materials and graft beds.
2011-06-30 | GSE30167 | GEO
Project description:Previous studies have suggested that Bmp4 is a key Msx1-dependent mesenchymal odontogenic signal for driving tooth morphogenesis through the bud-to-cap transition. Whereas the bud stage tooth developmental arrest in Msx1-/- mutant mice was accompanied by reduction in mesenchymal Bmp4 mRNA expression, we show that depleting functional Bmp4 mRNAs in the tooth mesenchyme, through neural crest-specific gene inactivation in Bmp4f/f;Wnt1Cre mice, caused mandibular molar developmental arrest at the bud stage but allowed maxillary molars and incisors to develop to mineralized teeth. We show that the Wnt inhibitors Dkk2 and Wif1 were much more abundantly expressed in the mandibular than maxillary molar mesenchyme in wildtype embryos and that Dkk2 expression was significantly unregulated in the tooth mesenchyme in Bmp4f/f;Wnt1Cre embryos. In addition, expression of Osr2, which encodes a zinc finger protein that antagonizes Msx1-mediated activation of odontogenic mesenchyme, is significantly upregulated in the molar mesenchyme in Bmp4f/f;Wnt1Cre embryos. Msx1 heterozygosity enhanced maxillary molar developmental defects whereas Osr2 heterozygosity rescued mandibular first molar morphogenesis in Bmp4f/f;Wnt1Cre mice. Moreover, in contrast to complete lack of supernumerary tooth initiation in Msx1-/-Osr2-/- mutant mice, Osr2-/-Bmp4f/f;Wnt1Cre compound mutant mice exhibit formation and subsequent arrest of supernumerary tooth germs that correlated with down regulation of Msx1 expression in the tooth mesenchyme. Taken together, our data indicate that, while reduction in mesenchymal Bmp4 expression alone could not account for the tooth bud arrest phenotype in Msx1-/- mutant mice, Bmp4 signaling synergizes with Msx1 and antagonizes Osr2 to activate mesenchymal odontogenic activity to drive tooth morphogenesis and sequential tooth formation. E13.5 mouse embryos tooth germs were microdissected by laser capture microdissection (LCM), and the mandibular molar and maxillary molar were separated. 3 pairs of control and mutant samples were pooled for the RNA extraction.
2013-01-22 | E-GEOD-39918 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The homeoprotein Msx1 and Msx2 involved in normal skeletal muscle development and also contribute to muscle defects if altered during development. Deciphering the downstream signaling networks of Msx1 and Msx2 in myoblasts differentiation will help us to understand the molecular events that contribute to muscle defects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the proteomics characteristics in Msx1 and Msx2 mediated myoblasts differentiation, using isobaric tags for the relative and absolute quantification labelling technique (iTRAQ). The results showed that 1535 proteins with quantitative information were obtained. Volcano plots illustrated, in undifferentiated stage, 32 common downstream regulatory proteins for Msx1 and Msx2, 39 specific regulatory proteins for Msx1, and 13 specific for Msx2. While, in differentiated stage, 17 common downstream regulatory proteins for Msx1 and Msx2, 10 specific regulatory proteins for Msx1, and 21 specific for Msx2. Gene ontology, KEGG pathway and protein-protein interaction networks analyses revealed these proteins primarily associated with Arginine and proline metabolism, Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis, Fatty acid degradation, Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 and Apoptosis. In addition, our data shows Acta1 was probably a core of the downstream regulatory networks of Msx1 and Msx2 in skeletal muscle development. The findings will help us to understand the molecular roles of Msx1 and Msx2 during muscle development as well as regeneration, and to understand the molecular events that contribute to muscle defects.
2023-07-20 | PXD026944 | Pride
Project description:Recently, there is increasing report of bone necrosis exceptionally in jaw bone areas after long term administration of anti-resorptive agent, bisphosphonate (BP). It is still unknown that why BP does not result in osteonecrosis but potentiate fracture repair in axial skeleton such as long bones. Many reports had shown that mandibular bone or calvarial bone exhibits lesser resoption than iliac bone graft for maxillofacial bone defect.(Jackson et al 1986, Koole et al 1989),(Crespi et al 2007) These might be attributed to the embryological difference between the two different type of the bone; intramembranous versus endochondral bone formation. Maxilla and mandibular alveolar and basal bone are originated from neural crest cells and exhibit intramembranous bone formation.(Chai and Maxson 2006) However, axial skeleton such as iliac or tibial bones are originated from mesoderm and undergo endochondral bone formation.(Helms and Schneider 2003) It had been reported that there is distinct phenotype difference in human bone cells from different skeletal origin.(Akintoye et al 2006, Kasperk et al 1997),(Matsubara et al 2005) Akintoye et al.(Akintoye et al 2006) reported that mandibular bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) displayed a fibroblast-like morphology similar to iliac BMSCs in histological appearance. However, mandibular bone contained less red marrow and hematopoietic cells, whereas the iliac bone contained more red marrow thereby contributing more to hematopoiesis. This differential capacity of mandibular BMSCs with less hematopoietic stem cells is better than that of iliac BMSCs because mitosis in hematopoietic stem cells is usually stopped. They also reported that maxillofacial BMSCs shows higher proliferation rate and alkaline phosphotase activity.(Akintoye et al 2006, Akintoye et al 2008) However, in vivo response of human BMSCs to osteogenic induction was higher in iliac bone than maxillomandibular bone.(Akintoye et al 2006) Other reports had shown that BMSCs from mandible showed better in vitro and in vivo bone formation capacity compared to tibia from rats.(Aghaloo et al 2010) Matsubara et al. reported that osteogenic potential of human or canine alveolar bone and iliac bone-derived cells (BC) are similar but showed difference in chondrogenic and adipogenic potential.(Matsubara et al 2005) From the previous studies, the site-related difference of mandibular and iliac BC are clear. However, the pattern of the site-specificity are not exactly same among above mentioned studies. These might be attributed to the difference in the experimental subjects (species, age) and study design (in-patient or random comparison, etc). Moreover, underlying genetic mechanism of these skeletal-site dependent difference had not been fully investigated. The investigation of site-specific differences in the gene expression would be help to understand the mechanism of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ), which recently has become an major issue in dentistry. Considering that bisphosphonate is frequently prescribed to elderly patients who have a higher risk of osteoporosis, it is necessary to conduct a experimental analysis of cells from older-aged donors. It had been suggested that anatomical site-specific difference can be influenced by 1) difference in the regional blood supply, 2) difference in bone composition (lamellar bone versus trabecular bone), 3) difference in physiological strain exerted to bone, 4) difference in gene expression according to skeletal site.(Kasperk et al 1997) In this study, bone cells derived from elderly donors went through microarray analysis under the hypothesis that there would be the differences in gene expressions involved in bone formation or cell proliferation of bone cells from iliac and mandible. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in gene expression between the human mandible and iliac bone so that we can understand the genetic difference in the two different type of bones. <<<References>>> 1. Jackson IT, Helden G, Marx R. Skull bone grafts in maxillofacial and craniofacial surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1986; 44:949-955. 2. Koole R, Bosker H, van der Dussen FN. Late secondary autogenous bone grafting in cleft patients comparing mandibular (ectomesenchymal) and iliac crest (mesenchymal) grafts. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 1989; 17 Suppl 1:28-30. 3. Crespi R, Vinci R, Cappare P, Gherlone E, Romanos GE. Calvarial versus iliac crest for autologous bone graft material for a sinus lift procedure: a histomorphometric study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2007; 22:527-532. 4. Chai Y, Maxson RE, Jr. Recent advances in craniofacial morphogenesis. Dev Dyn 2006; 235:2353-2375. 5. Helms JA, Schneider RA. Cranial skeletal biology. Nature 2003; 423:326-331. 6. Kasperk C, Helmboldt A, Borcsok Iet al. Skeletal site-dependent expression of the androgen receptor in human osteoblastic cell populations. Calcif Tissue Int 1997; 61:464-473. <<< Important Abstract of Associated reference>>> Kingsmill VJ1, McKay IJ, Ryan P, Ogden MR, Rawlinson SC. Gene expression profiles of mandible reveal features of both calvarial and ulnar bones in the adult rat.J Dent. 2013 Mar;41(3):258-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.11.010. Epub 2012 Nov 23. OBJECTIVES: Limb and mandibular alveolar bone of the mandible are susceptible to disuse osteopenia, whilst skull and mandibular basal bone appear to resist excessive generalised bone loss. We wanted to compare the site-specific transcriptome of anatomically and functionally distinct bones to confirm the composite nature of the mandible at the molecular level. METHODS: Gene expression profiles were obtained for the mandible, ulna, and calvaria of adult male rats using Affymetrix Rat Genome 230 2.0 GeneChips. Ingenuity Pathways Assist generated association maps, and RGD database software identified site-specific pathways. RESULTS: The majority of expressed transcripts (84%) are common to all three sites. The mandible expressed 873 transcripts in common with ulna but not calvaria, and 1014 transcripts in common with calvaria but not ulna. Transcripts in these groups were excluded if they showed significant differential expression (>2-fold) and the remaining mapped genes were filtered for those related to modulation of gene transcription. Analysis of these genes revealed common pathways shared by the mandible and ulna, or mandible and calvaria, which were not shared by the calvaria and ulna. CONCLUSIONS: There were relatively few differences in the expression of genes responsible for the bone formation process per se in different functional skeletal sites. Differential transcription factor expression suggests that it is the regulation of bone formation and not the mechanism of bone formation itself that differs between the skeletal sites. CLINICAL SIGNIFICAN Objectives: The exact genetic difference between the jaw and long bone had not been clearly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in gene expression between the human mandible and iliac bone-derived cells. Methods: Primary cells were obtained from mandibular and iliac bone from the 6 healthy, elderly donors (average age 60.2 years) during the reconstruction of mandibular alveolar bone defects. To investigate site-specific difference, within-patient comparison were carried out with cell proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation assay. Gene expression profile of mandible and iliac BC (bone-derived cell) were compared using cDNA microarray analysis using Affymetrix GeneChip®. Results: The mandibular BC showed stronger proliferative capacity but weaker osteoblastic differentiation. The comparison of the gene expression profile identified that 82 genes were significantly up-regulated and 66 genes were down-regulated 1.5 fold or greater in mandible compared to iliac BC. The most significantly differentially regulated genes were associated with skeletal system development and morphogenesis (SIX1, MSX1, MSX2, HAND2, PRRX1, OSR2, HOX gene family, PITX2). Microarray analysis revealed that Msx1 was 2.03 fold and Msx2 was 1.99 fold up-regulated in mandible compared to iliac BC (both p<0.01). HOX gene group in mandibular BC was down-regulated (p<0.01). Osteopontin was also 2.84 fold down-regulated in mandible BC (p<0.01). We found that the results of the microarray were reproducible with qRT-PCR. Conclusions: Site-specific difference between jaw and long bone can be explained by the different gene expression pattern, which is primarily related with embryological origin of these two different bones.
2014-06-14 | GSE58474 | GEO
Project description:Previous studies have suggested that Bmp4 is a key Msx1-dependent mesenchymal odontogenic signal for driving tooth morphogenesis through the bud-to-cap transition. Whereas the bud stage tooth developmental arrest in Msx1-/- mutant mice was accompanied by reduction in mesenchymal Bmp4 mRNA expression, we show that depleting functional Bmp4 mRNAs in the tooth mesenchyme, through neural crest-specific gene inactivation in Bmp4f/f;Wnt1Cre mice, caused mandibular molar developmental arrest at the bud stage but allowed maxillary molars and incisors to develop to mineralized teeth. We show that the Wnt inhibitors Dkk2 and Wif1 were much more abundantly expressed in the mandibular than maxillary molar mesenchyme in wildtype embryos and that Dkk2 expression was significantly unregulated in the tooth mesenchyme in Bmp4f/f;Wnt1Cre embryos. In addition, expression of Osr2, which encodes a zinc finger protein that antagonizes Msx1-mediated activation of odontogenic mesenchyme, is significantly upregulated in the molar mesenchyme in Bmp4f/f;Wnt1Cre embryos. Msx1 heterozygosity enhanced maxillary molar developmental defects whereas Osr2 heterozygosity rescued mandibular first molar morphogenesis in Bmp4f/f;Wnt1Cre mice. Moreover, in contrast to complete lack of supernumerary tooth initiation in Msx1-/-Osr2-/- mutant mice, Osr2-/-Bmp4f/f;Wnt1Cre compound mutant mice exhibit formation and subsequent arrest of supernumerary tooth germs that correlated with down regulation of Msx1 expression in the tooth mesenchyme. Taken together, our data indicate that, while reduction in mesenchymal Bmp4 expression alone could not account for the tooth bud arrest phenotype in Msx1-/- mutant mice, Bmp4 signaling synergizes with Msx1 and antagonizes Osr2 to activate mesenchymal odontogenic activity to drive tooth morphogenesis and sequential tooth formation.
2013-01-22 | GSE39918 | GEO
Project description:The overall goal of this project is to investigate the role of TGF-beta signaling in tissue-tissue interactions between myogenic precursors of craniofacial muscles and cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs). Here, we conducted gene expression profiling of the mandibular arch from mice at embryonic day E11.5 with a CNCC-specific conditional inactivation of the TGF-beta receptor type 1 gene Alk5. These mice provide a model of microglossia as well as disrupted extraocular and masticatory muscle development, which are congenital birth defects commonly observed in several syndromic conditions. To investigate the adverse effects of dysfunctional TGF-beta signaling on tissue-tissue interactions between CNCCs and myogenic precursors of craniofacial muscles, we analyzed mandibular arch tissue of mice with a CNCC-specific conditional inactivation of Alk5 (Wnt1-Cre; Alk5 fl/fl). We performed microarray analyses of the mandibular arch of Alk5 fl/fl control mice and Wnt1-Cre; Alk5 fl/fl mutant mice, collected at embryonic day E11.5 (n=4 per group).
2014-06-18 | E-GEOD-52357 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Acquisition of the lower jaw (mandible) was evolutionarily important for jawed vertebrates. In humans, syndromic craniofacial malformations often accompany jaw anomalies. Hand2 is involved in coordinating the developmental network of mandibles and the oral apparatus through Hand2-downstream genes and is therefore a major determinant of jaw identity. We used microarrays to detail the global programme of gene expression involved in mandible specification and identified distinct classes of up-regulated genes during this process. Wild-type and Hand2 mutant (Hand2 CAT/+; Wnt1-Cre) embryos were collected at Embryonic day (E) 11.5 or E12.5 for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays.
2015-12-15 | E-GEOD-75805 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Mutations in MSX1 cause craniofacial developmental defects, including tooth agenesis, in humans and mice. Previous studies suggest that Msx1 activates Bmp4 expression in the developing tooth mesenchyme to drive early tooth organogenesis. Whereas Msx1−/− mice exhibit developmental arrest of all tooth germs at the bud stage, however, mice with neural crest-specific inactivation of Bmp4 (Bmp4ncko/ncko), which lack Bmp4 expression in the developing tooth mesenchyme, showed developmental arrest of only mandibular molars. We recently demonstrated that deletion of Osr2, which encodes a zinc finger transcription factor expressed in a lingual-to-buccal gradient in the developing tooth bud mesenchyme, rescued molar tooth morphogenesis in both Msx1−/− and Bmp4ncko/ncko mice. In this study, through RNA-seq analyses of the developing tooth mesenchyme in mutant and wildtype embryos, we found that Msx1 and Osr2 have opposite effects on expression of several secreted Wnt antagonists in the tooth bud mesenchyme. Remarkably, both Dkk2 and Sfrp2 exhibit Osr2-dependent preferential expression on the lingual side of the tooth bud mesenchyme and expression of both genes was up-regulated and expanded into the tooth bud mesenchyme in Msx1−/− and Bmp4ncko/ncko mutant embryos. We show that pharmacological activation of canonical Wnt signaling by either lithium chloride (LiCl) treatment or by inhibition of Dkk in utero was sufficient to rescue mandibular molar tooth morphogenesis in Bmp4ncko/ncko mice. Furthermore, whereas inhibition of Dkk alone was insufficient to rescue tooth morphogenesis in Msx1−/− mice, pharmacological inhibition of Dkk in combination with genetic inactivation of Sfrp2 and Sfrp3 rescued maxillary molar morphogenesis in Msx1−/− mice. Together, these data reveal a novel mechanism that the Bmp4-Msx1 pathway drives tooth organogenesis by activating Wnt signaling via regulation of the secreted Wnt antagonists.
2017-05-12 | GSE81282 | GEO