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M6A Demethylase FTO Stabilizes LINK-A to Exert Oncogenic Roles via MCM3-Mediated Cell Cycle Progression and HIF-1α Activation

ABSTRACT: We identified that the m6A demethylase FTO demethylates and stabilizes a lncRNA long intergenic noncoding RNA for kinase activation (LINK-A) during ESCC chemoresistance. LINK-A directly interacts with minichromosome maintenance complex component 3 (MCM3) and increases the phosphorylation of MCM3 at Ser112 by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), which facilitates MCM3 incorporation into the MCM2-7 complex and subsequent chromatin loading, promoting cell cycle progression. On the other hand, LINK-A insulates the interaction between MCM3 and HIF-1α to free HIF-1α. The enhancement of HIF-1α transcriptional activity reprograms metabolic status from OXPHOS to glycolysis. Additionally, targeting LINK-A substantially sensitized ESCC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) to first-line chemotherapy, thus indicating LINK-A is a promising target for cancer treatment.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE224079 | GEO | 2023/10/15

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:MCM3 is one of several genes whose expression profile is markedly altered in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell lines. We observed that increased MCM3 expression is associated with tamoxifen resistance. Knockdown of MCM3 resulted in increased susceptibility of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, MCM3 expression is significantly associated with clinical outcome of endocrine treated receptor positive breast cancer. To understand the effect of MCM3 on the mechanism of endocrine resistance, we performed gene expression array on tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell lines. Here we show that MCM3 knockdown affects the expression of hundreds of genes. Resistance to endocrine therapy in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer is a major clinical problem with poorly understood mechanisms. There is an unmet need for prognostic and predictive biomarkers to allow appropriate therapeutic targeting. We evaluated the mechanism by which minichromosome maintenance protein 3 (MCM3) influences endocrine resistance and its predictive/prognostic potential in ER+ breast cancer. We discovered that ER+ breast cancer cells survive tamoxifen and letrozole treatments through upregulation of minichromosome maintenance proteins (MCMs), including MCM3, which are key molecules in cell cycle and DNA replication. Lowering MCM3 expression in endocrine-resistant cells restored drug sensitivity and altered phosphorylation of cell cycle regulators, including p53(Ser315,33), CHK1(Ser317) and cdc25b(Ser323), suggesting that the interaction of MCM3 with cell cycle proteins is an important mechanism of overcoming replicative stress and anti-proliferative effects of endocrine treatments. Evaluation of MCM3 levels in primary tumors from four independent cohorts of breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant tamoxifen mono-therapy or no adjuvant treatment, including the Stockholm tamoxifen (STO-3) trial, showed MCM3 to be an independent prognostic adding information beyond Ki67. In addition, MCM3 was shown to be a predictive marker of response to endocrine treatment. Our study reveals a coordinated signaling network centered around MCM3 that limits response to endocrine therapy in ER+ breast cancer and identifies MCM3 as a clinically useful prognostic and predictive biomarker that allows personalized treatment of ER+ breast cancer patients.

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M6A Demethylase FTO Stabilizes LINK-A to Exert Oncogenic Roles via MCM3-Mediated Cell Cycle Progression and HIF-1α Activation

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