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Shade-induced RTFL/DVL peptides negatively regulate the shade response by directly interacting with BSKs in Arabidopsis

ABSTRACT: For shade-intolerant species, shade light indicates the close proximity of neighboring plants and triggers the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS), which causes exaggerated growth and reduced crop yield. We report that nonsecreted ROT FOUR LIKE (RTFL)/DEVIL (DVL) peptides negatively regulate the SAS by repressing the activities of BRASSINOSTEROID SIGNALING KINASEs (BSKs) and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) in Arabidopsis. To identify RTFL function during SAS, we performed RNA-seq to search for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by comparing transcript levels between Col-0 and dvl1-1D, bsk36, or pif47 seedlings during white light and shade conditions.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis

PROVIDER: GSE226205 | GEO | 2023/09/28

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:In dense plant stands, the ratio between red and far-red (R:FR) light declines and shade intolerant species will respond to this cue for future shade by inducing the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS), enabling them to outgrow their neighbours. Shade tolerant species from the forest understory are unable to outgrow neighbouring trees and will suppress SAS. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying SAS are well studied in various species, mechanisms of SAS-suppression in shade tolerant species have rarely been studied. We applied RNA sequencing on Geranium pyrenaicum and G. robertianum, two wild species with contrasting growth responses to low R:FR light. G. pyrenaicum strongly induces petiole elongation when exposed to low R:FR light, at any time of the photoperiod. Contrastingly, G. robertianum only induces this response early in the day, and suppresses petiole growth in low R:FR light at the end of the photoperiod, which results after 24 hours in a net difference with control treatments of zero. We compared expression patterns in the most apical (most responsive) part of the second petioles, in two-week-old Geranium plants (two leaf stage) after 2 and 11.5 hours of far-red light enrichment. This way, we identified a number of novel candidate regulators of shade avoidance, and differential phytochrome control of plant immunity genes in the two species. For de-novo assembly of the reference transcriptomes, we pooled petiole- and leaf lamina tissue exposed to normal white light (180 mol m-2 s-1 PAR, R:FR 1.8, Â± 60 mol m-2 s-1 blue light), low R:FR light (0.2), blue-depleted light (Â± 4 mol m-2 s-1 blue) and green shade (50 mol m-2 s-1 PAR, R:FR 0.45, Â± 13 mol m-2 s-1 blue) for 2, 11.5 and 24 hours. Libraries of these samples were normalized, Illumina sequenced, and together with sequences of non-normalized petiole samples of the expression analysis constructed into a reference transcriptome for each species, using the Trinity protocol. Transcripts were clustered into orthologue clusters using the ortho-MCL clustering technique. Non-normalized libraries of samples (control vs. low R:FR light, 2 and 11.5 hours after start of the treatment) were sequenced and aligned to the newly assembled transcriptomes. Read counts were summed per orthologue cluster before statistical analysis was proceeded.

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Shade-induced RTFL/DVL peptides negatively regulate the shade response by directly interacting with BSKs in Arabidopsis

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