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Early amyloid-induced changes in microglia gene expression in APP/PS1 mice [scRNA-seq]

ABSTRACT: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia, characterized by deposition of extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregates and intraneuronal hyperphosphorylated Tau. Many AD risk genes, identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), are expressed in microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system. Specific subtypes of microglia emerged in relation to AD pathology, such as disease-associated microglia (DAMs), which increased in number with age in amyloid mouse models and in human AD cases. However, the initial transcriptional changes in these microglia in response to amyloid are still unknown. Here, to determine early changes in microglia gene expression, hippocampal microglia from APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice and wildtype littermates were isolated and analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). By bulk RNA-seq, transcriptomic changes were detected in hippocampal microglia from 6-months-old APP/PS1 mice. By performing single cell RNA-seq of CD11c-positive and negative microglia from 6-months-old APP/PS1 mice and analysis of the transcriptional trajectory from homeostatic to CD11c-positive microglia, we identified a set of genes that potentally reflect the initial response of microglia to Aβ.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE226938 | GEO | 2024/04/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Early amyloid-induced changes in microglia gene expression in APP/PS1 mice [bulk RNA-seq]

Project description:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia, characterized by deposition of extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregates and intraneuronal hyperphosphorylated Tau. Many AD risk genes, identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), are expressed in microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system. Specific subtypes of microglia emerged in relation to AD pathology, such as disease-associated microglia (DAMs), which increased in number with age in amyloid mouse models and in human AD cases. However, the initial transcriptional changes in these microglia in response to amyloid are still unknown. Here, to determine early changes in microglia gene expression, hippocampal microglia from APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice and wildtype littermates were isolated and analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). By bulk RNA-seq, transcriptomic changes were detected in hippocampal microglia from 6-months-old APP/PS1 mice. By performing single cell RNA-seq of CD11c-positive and negative microglia from 6-months-old APP/PS1 mice and analysis of the transcriptional trajectory from homeostatic to CD11c-positive microglia, we identified a set of genes that potentally reflect the initial response of microglia to Aβ.

2024-04-01 | GSE226937 | GEO

Expression data from C57/6J mice (Normal), APP/PS1 mice and APP/PS1 mice treatment with HPYD

Project description:Aβ is a peptide of 39-42 amino acid residues that derived from putative intramembranous processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) at the proposed active site of the γ-secretase/PS1 aspartyl. Aβ has been shown to aggregate and accumulate abnormally in the brain of AD (Alzheimer's disease), and extracellular amyloid plaques of Aβ peptides aggregation can trigger a cascade of pathologic events leading to nerve fiber entanglement and neuronal apoptosis protease. We used microarrays to investigate the effects of HPYD on the gene expression of APP/PS1 transgenic mice, the brain tissues of control group, model group and HPYD group mice.

2018-02-23 | GSE104249 | GEO

Hydroxyurea protects hippocampal neurons against oxidative, metabolic and excitotoxic stress, and improves spatial memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (Rat)

Project description:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by accumulation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) plaques in the brain and decreased cognitive function leading to dementia. We determined if hydroxyurea (HU), a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor known to activate adaptive cellular stress responses in fibroblasts, could protect rat hippocampal neurons against oxidative-, excitatory-, mitochondrial-, and Aβ-induced stress and if HU treatment could improve learning and memory in a mouse model of AD (APP/PS1 double mutant transgenic mice). HU treatment attenuated the loss of cell viability induced by treatment of hippocampal neurons with hydrogen peroxide, glutamate, rotenone, and Aβ1-42. HU treatment also attenuated reductions of mitochondrial reserve capacity, maximal respiration, and cellular ATP content induced by hydrogen peroxide treatment. In vivo, treatment of APP/PS1 AD mice with HU (45 mg/kg/day) improved spatial memory performance in the hippocampus-dependent Morris water maze task. In summary, HU provides neuroprotection against toxic insults, improves mitochondrial bioenergetics, and improves spatial memory in a mouse model of AD. HU may offer a new therapeutic approach to delay cognitive decline in AD.

2018-09-10 | GSE111941 | GEO

Hydroxyurea protects hippocampal neurons against oxidative, metabolic and excitotoxic stress, and improves spatial memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (Mouse)

2018-09-10 | GSE111940 | GEO

Age-dependent hippocampal proteomics in the APP/PS1 Alzheimer mouse model: a comparative analysis with classical SWATH/DIA and directDIA approaches

Project description:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in the human population, for which there is currently no cure. The cause of AD is unknown, however, the toxic effects of amyloid-β (Aβ) are believed to play a role in its onset. To investigate this, we examined changes in global protein levels in a hippocampal synaptosome fraction of the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD at 6 and 12 months of age (moa). Data independent acquisition (DIA), or SWATH, was used for a quantitative label-free proteomics analysis. We first assessed the usefulness of a recently improved directDIA workflow as alternative to conventional DIA data analysis using a project specific spectral library. Subsequently, we applied directDIA to the 6- and 12-moa APP/PS1 datasets and applied the Mass Spectrometry Downstream Analysis Pipeline (MS-DAP) for differential expression analysis and candidate discovery. We observed most regulation at 12-moa, in particular of proteins involved in Aβ homeostasis and microglial dependent synaptic pruning and/or immune response, such as APOE, CLU and C1QA-C

2021-06-24 | PXD025777 | Pride

Staging Alzheimer’s disease in brains and retinas of APP/PSEN1 mice by transcriptional profiling

Project description:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common form of dementia characterized by amyloid plaque deposition, TAU pathology, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Mouse models recapitulate some key features of AD. For instance, the B6.APP/PS1 model (carrying human transgenes for mutant forms of APP and PSEN1) shows plaque deposition and associated neuroinflammatory responses involving both astrocytes and microglia beginning around 6 months of age. However, in our colony, TAU pathology, significant neurodegeneration and cognitive decline are not apparent in this model even at older ages. Therefore, this model is ideal for studying neuroinflammatory responses to amyloid deposition. Here, RNA sequencing of brain and retinal tissue, generalized linear modeling (GLM), functional annotation followed by validation by immunofluorescence (IF) was performed in B6.APP/PS1 mice to determine the earliest molecular changes prior to and around the onset of plaque deposition (2-6 months of age).

2019-11-25 | GSE136861 | GEO

Sex‐specific accelerated decay in time/activity‐dependent plasticity and associative memory in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease

Project description:In a series of slice electrophysiology experiments, we demonstrated that female APPSwe-Psen1dE9 Alzheimer's disease model mice show greater impairments in hippocampal synaptic plasticity than male mice of the same age and genotype. Female APP/PS1 mice also showed greater impairments in behavioural associative memory, higher amyloid plaque burden and increased microglial activation in the hippocampus than males at age 4-5 months. We thus profiled hippocampal mRNA from these mice to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Compared to wild-type mice of the same sex, we found that female APP/PS1 mice showed a greater upregulation of microglial and inflammatory genes than males. Moreover, downregulation of genes associated with memory and plasticity was observed uniquely in female APP/PS1 mice. These data provide insight into the potential mechanisms of the greater prevalence and faster progression of AD in females.

2021-10-30 | GSE186710 | GEO

Mouse hippocampus LC/MS with TMT labeling

Project description:Transgenic mouse models have been widely used to investigate the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To elucidate underlying mechanisms of AD pathogenesis by amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau, we have generated a novel animal model of AD; ADLP - APT mice (Alzheimer’s Disease-Like Pathology) – carrying mutations of human amyloid precursor protein (APP), human presenilin-1 (PS1) and human tau. We profiled 9,824 proteins in the hippocampus of ADLP model mice using quantitative proteomics. To identify functional signatures in pathology of ADLP - APT mice, in-depth bioinformatics analysis was performed. For a longitudinal change of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), we identified ADLP - APT mice hippocampal proteome in an age-dependent manner. Network maps of interactome between Aβ and tau in newly generated ADLP - APT mice reveal relationship between accelerated NFT pathology of AD and proteomic changes.

2018-01-25 | PXD006214 | Pride

The effect of chronic inflammation on molecular pathways of long-term potentiation in an APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer Disease

Project description:Alzheimer Disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and neuroinflammation, initiated by systemic bacterial infection, is believed to contribute significantly to its pathogenesis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin, which stimulates inflammatory reactions by increasing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines through binding to Toll like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and CD14, in an NF-κΒ-dependent fashion. These receptors are expressed in the circumventricular organs, choroid plexus and leptomeninges as well as on microglia cells, thereby providing an entry for an innate immune reaction to spread through the cerebral tissue. Here, 9 months old APP695/PS1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) double transgenic mice and wild type littermates were treated with weekly intraperitoneal injections of LPS or PBS over 13 weeks to evaluate the effect of repeated infections on the innate immune response of the hippocampal proteome. The effect on the proteome was evaluated using a quantitative iTRAQ 8-plex proteomics approach, with 3D-LC-MS/MS to gain a deep coverage of the hippocampal proteome. Furthermore, the effect of long-term inflammation on amyloid beta (Aβ) protein level was evaluated using stereological plaque load estimation followed by investigation of protein levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 by Mesoscale. An effect of infection on proteins involved in long-term potentiation was observed, including p-MAPK, p-CREB and phosphorylation motifs of PKA and 14-3-3. Furthermore the complement system, redox reactions and the activation of retinoid receptors were found significantly changed in APP/PS1 mice infected with LPS. This study provides new insight into the effect of bacterial infections in the development of AD.

2018-11-21 | PXD005785 | Pride

Inflammasome signaling is dispensable for ß-amyloid-induced neuropathology in preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease

Project description:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting memory and cognition. The disease is accompanied by an abnormal deposition of ß-amyloid plaques in the brain that contributes to neurodegeneration and is known to induce glial inflammation. Studies in the APP/PS1 mouse model of ß-amyloid-induced neuropathology have suggested a role for inflammasome activation in ß-amyloid-induced neuroinflammation and neuropathology. Here, we evaluated the in vivo role of microglia-selective and full body inflammasome signalling in several mouse models of ß-amyloid-induced AD neuropathology. Unexpectedly, microglia-specific deletion of the inflammasome regulator A20 and inflammasome effector protease caspase-1 in the AppNL-G-F and APP/PS1 models failed to identify a prominent role for microglial inflammasome signalling in ß-amyloid-induced neuropathology. Moreover, global inflammasome inactivation through respectively full body deletion of caspases 1 and 11 in AppNL-G-F mice and Nlrp3 deletion in APP/PS1 mice, also failed to modulate amyloid pathology and disease progression. In agreement, single-cell RNA sequencing did not reveal an important role for Nlrp3 signalling in driving microglial activation and the transition into disease-associated states, both during homeostasis and upon amyloid pathology. Collectively, these results question a generalizable role for inflammasome activation in pre-clinical amyloid-only models of neuroinflammation.

2024-01-17 | GSE249611 | GEO

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