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Selective compartmentalization in condensin-depleted mitotic chromosomes [Hi-C I]

ABSTRACT: During mitosis, condensin activity is thought to disrupt interphase chromatin structures. Here, we utilize condensin-deficient mitotic chromosomes as a unique architectural platform to further investigate genome folding principles. Upon condensin loss, compartments progressively emerge in mitotic chromosomes. Euchromatin diverges into two different compartments A1 and A2, the former of which shows strong homotypic interactions while the latter exhibit reduced self-aggregation. Constitutive heterochromatin (B1) displays reduced level of compartmentalization and the normally inert facultative heterochromatin (B2) participates to compartmentalize the genome. Dynamically, A1 compartment is established remarkably fast with similarly efficient separation from B1 while reformation of B1 is delayed, implying that A1 self-attraction is the engine to compartmentalizalize the condensin-depleted mitotic chromosomes. Notified by the mitotic compartmentalization of B1 which lacks HP1 binding, we sought to explore the role of HP1 proteins in genome folding and demonstrat that HP1& are dispensible for chromatin structural restoration during cell divison. Our observations unveil delicate patterns and novel principles of genome compartmentalization that are otherwise hidden in interphase cells.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE227816 | GEO | 2023/11/22

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Selective compartmentalization in condensin-depleted mitotic chromosomes [Hi-C]

Project description:During mitosis, condensin activity is thought to disrupt interphase chromatin structures. Here, we utilize condensin-deficient mitotic chromosomes as a unique architectural platform to further investigate genome folding principles. Upon condensin loss, compartments progressively emerge in mitotic chromosomes. Euchromatin diverges into two different compartments A1 and A2, the former of which shows strong homotypic interactions while the latter exhibit reduced self-aggregation. Constitutive heterochromatin (B1) displays reduced level of compartmentalization and the normally inert facultative heterochromatin (B2) participates to compartmentalize the genome. Dynamically, A1 compartment is established remarkably fast with similarly efficient separation from B1 while reformation of B1 is delayed, implying that A1 self-attraction is the engine to compartmentalizalize the condensin-depleted mitotic chromosomes. Notified by the mitotic compartmentalization of B1 which lacks HP1 binding, we sought to explore the role of HP1 proteins in genome folding and demonstrat that HP1& are dispensible for chromatin structural restoration during cell divison. Our observations unveil delicate patterns and novel principles of genome compartmentalization that are otherwise hidden in interphase cells.

2023-11-22 | GSE229179 | GEO

Selective compartmentalization in condensin-depleted mitotic chromosomes [Hi-C II]

2023-11-22 | GSE247575 | GEO

Selective compartmentalization in condensin-depleted mitotic chromosomes [ChIP-seq II]

2023-11-22 | GSE248254 | GEO

Selective compartmentalization in condensin-depleted mitotic chromosomes [ChIP-seq]

2023-11-22 | GSE228160 | GEO

Selective compartmentalization in condensin-depleted mitotic chromosomes [HiC-C]

2023-11-22 | GSE228395 | GEO

Condensin-mediated remodeling of the mitotic chromatin landscape in fission yeast

Project description:Chromatin fibres dynamically change their organisation during cell cycle. In interphase nucleus, chromatin fibres are evenly distributed whereas their spatial occupancy are reorganised to form condensed chromosomes in mitosis. This process called chromosome condensation is necessary for an accomplishment of faithful chromosome segregation. One of the Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes complexes, Condensin, is indispensable for chromosome condensation. It remains, however, unknown how Condensin plays its role in shaping mitotic chromosome. Here we show that chromatin fibres change their interacting partners; short-range contacts in interphase nucleus are converted into long-range interactions to shape condensed chromosomes. This conversion of interactions among chromatin fibres results in the formation of larger domains within mitotic chromosomes. Condensin is solely in charge of the conversion and large domain formation in fission yeast mitosis. Our results show how fission yeast Condensin is involved in shaping mitotic chromosomes.

2017-07-13 | GSE94475 | GEO

Condensin-mediated remodeling of the mitotic chromatin landscape in fission yeast

2017-07-13 | GSE94474 | GEO

Fission yeast condensin contributes to interphase chromatin organization and prevents transcription-coupled DNA damage

Project description:Background: Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes are central organizers of chromatin architecture throughout the cell cycle. The SMC family member condensin is best known for establishing long-range chromatin interactions in mitosis. These compact chromatin and create mechanically stable chromosomes. How condensin contributes to chromatin organization in interphase is less well understood. Results: Here, we use efficient conditional depletion of fission yeast condensin to determine its contribution to interphase chromatin organization. We deplete condensin in G2 arrested cells to preempt confounding effects from cell cycle progression without condensin. Genome-wide chromatin interaction mapping, using Hi-C, reveals condensin-mediated chromatin interactions in interphase that are qualitatively similar to those observed in mitosis, but quantitatively far less prevalent. Despite its low abundance, chromatin mobility tracking shows that condensin markedly confines interphase chromatin movements. Without condensin, chromatin behaves as an unconstrained Rouse polymer with excluded volume, while condensin constrains its mobility. Unexpectedly, we find that condensin is required during interphase to prevent ongoing transcription from eliciting a DNA damage response. Conclusions: In addition to establishing mitotic chromosome architecture, condensin-mediated long-range chromatin interactions contribute to shaping chromatin organization in interphase. The resulting structure confines chromatin mobility and protects the genome from transcription-induced DNA damage. This adds to the important roles of condensin in maintaining chromosome stability.

2020-09-14 | GSE143338 | GEO

Mitotic chromosomes are self-entangled and disentangle through a Topoisomerase II-dependent two stage exit from mitosis

Project description:The topological state of chromosomes determines their mechanical properties, dynamics, and function. Recent work indicated that interphase chromosomes are largely free of entanglements. Here, we use Hi-C, polymer simulations and multi-contact 3C, and propose that, in contrast, mitotic chromosomes are self-entangled. We explore how a mitotic self-entangled state is converted into an unentangled interphase state during mitotic exit. Most mitotic entanglements are removed during anaphase/telophase, with remaining ones removed during early G1, in a Topoisomerase II-dependent process. Polymer models suggest a two-stage disentanglement pathway: first, decondensation of mitotic chromosomes with remaining condensin loops produces entropic forces that bias Topoisomerase II activity towards decatenation. At the second stage, the loops are released, and formation of new entanglements is prevented by lower Topoisomerase II activity, allowing the establishment of unentangled and territorial G1 chromosomes. When mitotic entanglements are not removed, in experiment and models, a normal interphase state cannot be acquired.

2024-03-07 | GSE198610 | GEO

Interaction between TBP and condensing drives the organization and faithful segregation of mitotic chromosomes

Project description:Genome/chromosome organization is highly ordered and controls nuclear events. Here, we show that the TATA box-binding protein (TBP) interacts with the Cnd2 kleisin subunit of condensin to mediate interphase and mitotic chromosome organization in fission yeast. TBP recruits condensin onto RNA polymerase III-transcribed (Pol III) genes and highly transcribed Pol II genes; condensin in turn associates these genes with centromeres. Inhibition of the Cnd2-TBP interaction disrupts condensin localization across the genome and the proper assembly of mitotic chromosomes, leading to severe defects in chromosome segregation and eventually causing cellular lethality. We propose that the Cnd2-TBP interaction coordinates transcription with chromosomal architecture by linking dispersed gene loci with centromeres. This chromosome arrangement can contribute to the efficient transmission of physical force at the kinetochore to chromosomal arms, thereby supporting the fidelity of chromosome segregation. Genome-wide distributions of condensin and Pol III factors in fission yeast.

2015-08-12 | E-GEOD-60273 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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