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Tgfbr1 controls developmental plasticity between the hindlimb and external genitalia by remodeling their regulatory landscape

ABSTRACT: The hindlimb and external genitalia of present-day tetrapods are thought to derive from an ancestral common primordium that evolved to generate a wide diversity of structures adapted for efficient locomotion and mating in the ecological niche conquered by the species. We show that despite long evolutionary distance from the ancestral condition, the early primordium of the mouse external genitalia preserved the capacity to take hindlimb fates. In the absence of Tgfbr1, the pericloacal mesoderm generates an extra pair of hindlimbs at the expense of the external genitalia. It has been shown that the hindlimb and the genital primordia share many of their key regulatory factors. Tgfbr1 controls the response to those factors acting in a pioneer-like mode to modulate the accessibility status of regulatory elements that control the gene regulatory networks leading to the formation of genital or hindlimb structures. Our work uncovers a remarkable tissue plasticity with potential implications in the evolution of the hindlimb/genital area of tetrapods, and identifies a novel mechanism for Tgfbr1 activity that might also contribute to the control of other physiological or pathological processes.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE231592 | GEO | 2024/02/23

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:We generated RNA-seq data of Drosophila simulans and Drosophila mauritiana developing male genitalia in order to identify expression level differences between these species. These species are closely related, yet have dramatic differences in their male genital morphologies. Three independent RNA-seq library replicates were generated for Dsim w501 and Dmau D1 developing male genitalia. Flies were reared under the above conditions, and white pre-pupae collected. Males were selected using gonad size and allowed to develop in a humid container at 25ºC until stages 2 and 4.5 (see staging guide in (Hagen et al., 2019); tartan underlies the evolution of Drosophila male genital morphology). Between these stages, the claspers develop from a ridge structure to a distinct appendage separate from the surrounding tissue, and the posterior lobe has begun to extend outwards from the lateral plate primordia (Hagen et al., 2019). The heads of pupae were impaled with a needle onto a charcoal agar plate and submerged in 1xPBS. Dissection scissors were used to remove the distal tip of the pupal case and the outer membrane, and pressure applied to the abdomen to allow the developing genitalia to be quickly expelled from the pupal case and dissected away from the abdomen. Note that the entire genital arch, including internal genital organs (but not including abdominal tissue), was isolated for RNA extraction. The genitalia from fifteen males from each stage were collected and placed directly into TRIzol. RNA was then extracted using standard procedures. Quality and quantity of RNA was verified using a Qubit, and samples were sent to the Centre for Genomic Research at the University of Liverpool where dual-indexed, strand-specific RNA-seq libraries were prepared using NEBNext polyA selection and Ultra Directional RNA preparation kits. Samples were then sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 4000 (paired-end, 2x150 bp sequencing). Dsim w501 and Dmau D1 reads were mapped against reannotated reference coding sequences (Torres-Oliva et al., 2016).

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Tgfbr1 controls developmental plasticity between the hindlimb and external genitalia by remodeling their regulatory landscape

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