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Glycine max Jumonji C domain-containing proteins JMJ19/20 exhibit endopeptidase activity and interact with LUXs to mediate flowering time [CUT&Tag]

ABSTRACT: Histone demethylases serve essential functions in plant growth and development across various species. However, their roles in Glycine max remain largely unexplored. This study identified GmJMJ19 and GmJMJ20, encoding JmjC domain-containing proteins. They exhibit circadian rhythmic expression patterns and interact with LUX ARRHYTHMO 2 (GmLUX2) both in vitro and in vivo. Although GmJMJ19/20 bind to histones, they lack conventional histone demethylase activity. Rather, GmJMJ19/20 function as endopeptidases that specifically cleave histone H3 peptides at unmethylated lysine 27 residues, in a manner independent of Fe²⁺ and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), the cofactors required for typical JmjC enzymes. Structural modeling supports the occlusion of the catalytic pocket that prevents access to methylated substrates. The simultaneous knockout of GmJMJ19/20 significantly delays flowering time. Comparative transcriptomic analyses reveal that the GmJM19/20-GmLUX2 module enhances GmFULc expression via independent of the canonical evening complex. Haplotype analysis suggests that GmJMJ19 underwent selection during domestication, potentially contributing to soybean geographical adaptation.

ORGANISM(S): Glycine max

PROVIDER: GSE231883 | GEO | 2024/05/05

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Glycine max JmjC domain-containing proteins JMJ19/20 exhibit endopeptidase activity and interact with LUXs to mediate flowering time

Project description:Histone demethylases serve essential functions in plant growth and development across various species. However, their roles in Glycine max remain largely unexplored. This study identified GmJMJ19 and GmJMJ20, encoding JmjC domain-containing proteins. They exhibit circadian rhythmic expression patterns and interact with LUX ARRHYTHMO 2 (GmLUX2) both in vitro and in vivo. Although GmJMJ19/20 bind to histones, they lack conventional histone demethylase activity. Rather, GmJMJ19/20 function as endopeptidases that specifically cleave histone H3 peptides at unmethylated lysine 27 residues, in a manner independent of Fe²⁺ and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), the cofactors required for typical JmjC enzymes. Structural modeling supports the occlusion of the catalytic pocket that prevents access to methylated substrates. The simultaneous knockout of GmJMJ19/20 significantly delays flowering time. Comparative transcriptomic analyses reveal that the GmJM19/20-GmLUX2 module enhances GmFULc expression via independent of the canonical evening complex. Haplotype analysis suggests that GmJMJ19 underwent selection during domestication, potentially contributing to soybean geographical adaptation.

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Histone demethylases JMJ19 and JMJ20 interact with LUX2 to mediate flowering time and adaptation in soybean [CHIP-seq]

Project description:Flowering time is a critical trait to determine regional adaptation and yield of crops including soybean. Evening Complex (EC) components soybean LUX1, LUX2, and ELF3a are critical for flowering and adaptation to lower latitudes. However, the mechanisms of EC in regulating flowering time remain largely unclear in soybean. Here, we identified GmJMJ19 and GmJMJ20 gene paralogs encoding JmjC-domain containing proteins, which co-express and interact with GmLUX2. In vitro and in vivo assays demonstrate that GmJMJ19 and GmJMJ20 bind to histone, but lack histone demethylase activity. Notably, simultaneous mutation of GmJMJ19 and GmJMJ20 causes delayed flowering time. Further transcriptomic, CUT&Tag and ChIP-seq analyses show that GmJMJ19/20 and GmLUX2 primarily co-repress transcription of 168 genes, which are not associated with the alternation of examined histone methylation state. Strikingly, we identify that the direct repression of GmSVP by GmJMJ19/20-GmLUX2 module is independent of the classical EC-E1 pathway. Interestingly, haplotype analyses support the idea that GmJMJ19 might undergo selection during soybean expansion to lower latitude. In summary, our findings reveal a mechanistic insight of GmJMJ19/20-GmLUX2 into flowering time control beyond EC complex in plants and also provide resources for improving soybean adaptability through molecular breeding.

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Histone demethylases JMJ19 and JMJ20 interact with LUX2 to mediate flowering time and adaptation in soybean [RNA-seq]

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Glycine max Jumonji C domain-containing proteins JMJ19/20 exhibit endopeptidase activity and interact with LUXs to mediate flowering time [CUT&Tag]

Project description:Glycine max Jumonji C domain-containing proteins JMJ19/20 exhibit endopeptidase activity and interact with LUXs to mediate flowering time [CUT&Tag]

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Structural basis of paralog-specific KDM2A/B nucleosome recognition

Project description:The nucleosome acidic patch is a major interaction hub for chromatin, providing a platform for enzymes to dock and orient for nucleosome-targeted activities. In order to define the molecular basis of acidic patch recognition proteome-wide, we performed an amino acid resolution acidic patch interactome screen. We discovered that the histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36) demethylase KDM2A, but not its closely related paralog, KDM2B, requires the acidic patch for nucleosome binding. These KDM2 family JumonjiC (JmjC) domain lysine demethylases are critical to heterochromatin formation and are commonly misregulated in cancer. Despite fundamental roles in transcriptional regulation in health and disease, the molecular mechanisms governing nucleosome substrate specificity of KDM2A/B, or any other JmjC lysine demethylases, remain unclear. We used a covalent JmjC inhibitor to solve cryo-EM structures of KDM2A and KDM2B trapped in action on the nucleosome. Our structures show that KDM2-nucleosome binding is paralog-specific and facilitated by dynamic nucleosomal DNA unwrapping and histone charge shielding that mobilize the H3K36 sequence for demethylation.

2023-02-14 | PXD032791 | Pride

The S. cerevisiae histone demethylase Jhd1 fine-tunes the distribution of H3K36me2

Project description:Histone methylation plays important roles in the regulation of chromatin dynamics and transcription. Steady state levels of histone lysine methylation are regulated by a balance between enzymes that catalyze either the addition or removal of methyl groups. Using an activity-based biochemical approach, we recently uncovered the JmjC domain as an evolutionarily conserved signature motif for histone demethylases. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Jhd1, a JmjC domain-containing protein in S. cerevisiae, is an H3K36-specific demethylase. Here we report further characterization of Jhd1. Similar to its mammalian homolog, Jhd1-catalyzed histone demethylation requires iron and alpha-ketoglutarate as cofactors. Mutation and deletion studies indicate that the JmjC domain and adjacent sequences are critical for Jhd1 enzymatic activity, while the N-terminal PHD domain is dispensable. Overexpression of JHD1 results in a global reduction of H3K36 methylation in vivo. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled microarray (ChIP-chip) studies reveal subtle changes in the distribution of H3K36me2 upon overexpression or deletion of JHD1. Our studies establish Jhd1 as a histone demethylase in budding yeast and suggest that Jhd1 functions to maintain the fidelity of histone methylation patterns along transcription units. Keywords: ChIP-chip H3K36me2 ChIPs were performed on wild type, jhd1 knockout, and JHD1 overexpression yeast strains.

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Project description:Histone modifications, including N-lysine acetylation and methylation, play critical roles in eukaryotic transcription. The addition of acetyl- and methyl-groups and removal of acetyl-groups involves redox neutral reactions, whereas demethylation is O2 dependent, a reaction with potential to enable O2 availability mediated regulation, as occurs for reactions catalysed by the 2-oxoglutarate dependent hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) hydroxylases. A screen for substrates of the HIF-regulated Jumonji-C (JmjC) lysine demethylase KDM3A led to the finding that purified recombinant KDM3A catalyses oxidation of the N-acetyl group of Lys-9 of histone H3 giving an N-hydroxyacetyl-lysine residue. Studies employing a N-hydroxyacetyl-lysine selective antibody and mass spectrometry support the cellular relevance of N-hydroxyacetyl-lysine. The combined biochemical and cellular results reveal evidence for an unanticipated O2-mediated link between histone lysine N-acetylation and JmjC catalysis. Future work can explore the biological significance of N-hydroxyacetylation, including in the hypoxic response where KDM3A plays a role in regulating HIF target genes.

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A jumonji protein with E3 ligase and histone binding activities regulates transposon silencing in Arabidopsis

Project description:Transposable elements (TEs) make up a large proportion of eukaryotic genomes. As their mobilization creates genetic variation that threatens genome integrity, TEs are epigenetically silenced through several pathways and this may spread to neighboring sequences. JUMONJI (JMJ) proteins can function as anti-silencing factors and prevent silencing of genes next to TEs. Whether TE silencing is counterbalanced by the activity of anti-silencing factors is still unclear. Here, we characterize JMJ24 as a regulator of TE silencing. We show that loss of JMJ24 results in increased silencing of the DNA transposon AtMu1c, while overexpression of JMJ24 reduces silencing. JMJ24 has a JumonjiC (JmjC) domain and two RING domains. JMJ24 auto-ubiquitinates in vitro, demonstrating E3 ligase activity of the RING domain(s). JMJ24-JmjC binds the N-terminal tail of histone H3 and full-length JMJ24 binds histone H3 in vivo. JMJ24 activity is anti-correlated with histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) levels at AtMu1c. Double mutant analyses with epigenetic silencing mutants suggest that JMJ24 antagonizes histone H3K9me2, and requires H3K9 methyltransferases for its activity on AtMu1c. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis indicates that JMJ24 affects silencing at additional TEs. Our results suggest that the JmjC domain of JMJ24 has lost demethylase activity but has been retained as a binding domain for histone H3. This is in line with phylogenetic analyses indicating that JMJ24 [with the mutated JmjC domain] is widely conserved in angiosperms. Taken together, this study assigns a role in TE silencing to a conserved JmjC-domain protein with E3 ligase activity, but no demethylase activity.

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