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Parental conflict driven regulation of endosperm cellularization by a family of Auxin Response Factors

ABSTRACT: The endosperm is a reproductive tissue supporting embryo development. In most 30 flowering plants, the initial divisions of endosperm nuclei are not succeeded by 31 cellularization; this process occurs only after a specific number of mitotic cycles have 32 taken place. The timing of cellularization significantly influences seed viability and size. 33 Previous research implicated auxin as a key factor in initiating nuclear divisions and 34 determining the timing of cellularization. Here, we uncover the involvement of a family 35 of clustered auxin response factors (cARFs) as dosage-sensitive regulators of 36 endosperm cellularization. cARFs, maternally expressed and paternally silenced, are 37 shown to induce cellularization, thereby restricting seed growth. Our findings align with 38 the predictions of the parental conflict theory, suggesting that cARFs represent major 39 molecular targets in this conflict. We further demonstrate a recurring amplification of 40 cARFs in the Brassicaceae, suggesting an evolutionary response to parental conflict 41 by reinforcing maternal control over endosperm cellularization. Our study highlights 42 that antagonistic parental control on endosperm cellularization converges on auxin 43 biosynthesis and signaling.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE232803 | GEO | 2024/03/22

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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