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A single-cell multiomics atlas of rice organs

ABSTRACT: Cell functions across eucaryotes are driven by specific gene expression programs that are dependent on chromatin structure. Here, we report a single-cell multiomics atlas of rice, one of the world’s major crop plants. By simultaneously profiling chromatin accessibility and RNA expression in 116,564 cells from eight organs we were able to identify cell-type specific gene regulatory networks and describe novel cell states, such as the “transition status” in floral meristems during panicle development. Based on our network analyses we uncovered the function of cell type-specific regulatory hubs RSR1, F3H and LTPL120 for rice development. Importantly, our analysis revealed a correlation between cell type and agronomic traits, and conserved and divergent cell type functions during evolution. In summary, this study not only offers a valuable single-cell multiomics resource for a major crop, but also enriches our understanding of the intricate roles and molecular underpinnings of individual cell types in rice.

ORGANISM(S): Oryza sativa

PROVIDER: GSE232863 | GEO | 2025/05/28

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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A single-cell multiomics atlas of rice

Project description:Cell functions across eucaryotes are driven by specific gene expression programs that are dependent on chromatin structure. Here, we report a single-cell multiomics atlas of rice, one of the world’s major crop plants. By simultaneously profiling chromatin accessibility and RNA expression in 116,564 cells from eight organs we were able to identify cell-type specific gene regulatory networks and describe novel cell states, such as the “transition status” in floral meristems during panicle development. Based on our network analyses we uncovered the function of cell type-specific regulatory hubs RSR1, F3H and LTPL120 for rice development. Importantly, our analysis revealed a correlation between cell type and agronomic traits, and conserved and divergent cell type functions during evolution. In summary, this study not only offers a valuable single-cell multiomics resource for a major crop, but also enriches our understanding of the intricate roles and molecular underpinnings of individual cell types in rice.

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Project description:Rice was domesticated independently in Asia and Africa, leading to two distinct but closely related crop species, Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima, respectively. The two domestications lead to morphological changes, in which a higher branching complexity of the panicles, influencing seed production and crop yield. Although much emphasis was placed on changes in transcriptional regulation during rice domestication and improvement, no large-scale study of small RNA regulation changes during domestication has been reported so far. To analyze whether rice domestication has altered the expression of small RNAs, we performed deep sequencing of small RNA transcriptomes from early developmental stages of panicles from 10 genotypes of the cultivated African species and 10 genotypes of its wild-relative O. barthii. Our study shows a drastic expression change of the 21-nucleotide smallRNA population. A total of 29% of these smallRNAs are overexpressed in panicles of O. barthii vs. O. glaberrima, corresponding mainly to 21-nucleotide phased siRNAs (or phasiRNAs). We also show that these changes are associated with a differential expression of a known regulator of phased siRNAs, miR2118 during early panicle development. Finally, these changes are associated to a heterochronic alteration of phasiRNAs and miR2118 expression pattern, during panicle development with a delayed expression in the domesticated species. Our study suggests a major reshaping of the regulation network from a specific class of small RNA during African rice domestication.

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