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Single cell insights into development of the bovine placenta

ABSTRACT: A central determinant of pregnancy success is proper development of the conceptus (embryo/fetus and associated extraembryonic membranes including the placenta). Although the gross morphology and histology of the bovine placenta has been well studied, the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating placenta development and trophoblast differentiation and function remain essentially undefined. Here single cell RNA-seq analysis was performed on the day 17 bovine conceptus and chorion of day 24, 30 and 50 conceptuses (n = 3-4 samples per day) using the 10X Genomics platform. Bioinformatic analyses identified cell types and their ontogeny including trophoblast, mesenchyme, and immune cells. Loss of IFNT-expressing trophoblast uninucleate cells (UNC) occurred between days 17 and 30, whereas binucleate cells (BNC), identified based on expression of placental lactogen (CSH2) and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) marker genes, first appeared on day 24. Several different types of UNC were present in day 24, 30 and 50 samples, but only one (day 24) or two types of BNC (days 30 and 50). Cell trajectory analyses provided a conceptual framework for UNC development and BNC differentiation, and upstream transcription factor binding enrichment analyses identified candidate transcription factors governing differentiation and function of the trophoblasts. The digital atlas of cell types in the developing bovine conceptus reported here serves as a resource to discover key genes and biological pathways regulating its development during the critical periods of implantation and placentation.

ORGANISM(S): Bos taurus

PROVIDER: GSE234524 | GEO | 2023/11/08

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Single-nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) uncovers trophoblast cell types and lineages in the mature bovine placenta

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2022-10-05 | GSE214407 | GEO

Cycle versus Pregnancy

Project description:At implantation the endometrium undergoes dramatic modifications necessary for its physical interactions with the trophoblast as well as the development of the conceptus. We aim to identify endometrial factors and pathways essential for a successful implantation in the caruncular [C] and the intercaruncular [IC] areas in cattle. Using a bovine oligo-array, expression profiles were established at day 20 of the estrous cycle or pregnancy (implantation) showing 446 and 1295 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in [C] and [IC] areas respectively. The impact of the conceptus was higher on the immune response function in [C] but more prominent on the regulation of metabolism function in [IC]. Keywords: Fluorescence Microarray

2009-08-15 | GSE13664 | GEO

Cycle versus Pregnancy

2010-06-24 | E-GEOD-13664 | biostudies-arrayexpress

RNA-Sequencing based analysis of bovine endometrium during the maternal recognition of pregnancy

Project description:Purpose: Perform RNA-seq study on bovine endometrial tissues during the peri-implantation period (Day16-17 of gestation) to reveal important genes and biological pathways required for conceptus growth and development Methods:RNA sequencing was done using Illumina NextSeq500. Single-end reads in the FASTQ format were explored using FastQC, low-quality reads were trimmed from both 3’ and 5’ ends until a base pair of Phred quality score of 30 (99.9% accurate) or greater was not found, reads having a mean quality score less than 30 and length below 30 nucleotides were filtered out. Cleaned reads were aligned against the bovine reference genome (Bos_taurus.ARS-UCD1.2) using HiSAT2. The resulting SAM files were sorted, converted to BAM files using SAMtools. Read counts mapped to bovine gene models were generated using htseq-count script from HTSeq package. Bioconductor DESeq2 was used to get the differentially expressed genes among pregnant vs. non-pregnant (P vs. NP), pregnant vs. cyclic (P vs. C), and non-pregnant vs. cyclic (NP vs. C) groups. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that the presence of conceptus at Day 15-17 of gestation affects the endometrial gene expression related to endometrial remodeling, immune response, nutrients and ion transporters, and relevant signaling pathways in the caruncular region of bovine endometrium during the maternal recognition of pregnancy.

2022-07-13 | GSE196789 | GEO

Effect of embryonic and maternal genotype on foetal growth in rabbit

Project description:The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of maternal and embryonic genotype of two lines of rabbit selected by growth rate (line R) and litter size at weaning (line A) on foetal and placental growth. Embryos were recovered at 48 h of gestation from line R (46) and line A (40) donors and transferred to nulliparous recipient does (26 R and 24 A). Each recipient doe received six embryos into one oviduct from line R and six embryos form line A into the other. Laparoscopy was performed at day 14 to determine implantation rate. Recipient females were slaughter at day 14, 24 and 30 (12, 24, 14, respectively) to determine the number of live fetuses and the weight of live foetuses, foetal placenta and maternal placenta. To analyze endocrine levels, blood serum was collected from 14 females at 14, 21 and 28 days of gestation. A transcriptome analysis was performed to search for differences between foetal placentas at day 14 and 24 of development. Foetal survival at Days 14, 24 and 30, and weight at Day 14 was higher for line A embryos, being the weight higher for AA genotype (0.29±0.01g vs. 0.19±0.01g ,for RR genotype). Only the R embryonic genotype showed higher foetal weight at Day 30 (53.4 ± 1.74 vs. 48.5 ± 1.81, for line R and line A foetuses). However, foetal and maternal placentas were higher for RR genotype on Day 24 and 30. No differences in foetal placenta at transcriptome level were found. Additionally, both progesterone and IGF-I levels were similar between lines. In conclusion, line R presented reproductive troubles, with higher gestational losses at embryonary level at Day 14 and 24, and uterine environment problems at least at last part of gestation which reduced survival rate of A line foetuses.

2014-10-21 | GSE62491 | GEO

Gestational diabetes mellitus alters placental structure, efficiency, and plasticity

Project description:The hemochorial placenta provides a critical barrier at the maternal-fetal interface to modulate maternal immune tolerance and enable gas and nutrient exchange between mother and conceptus. Pregnancy outcomes are adversely affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); however, the effects of GDM on placental formation, and subsequently fetal development, are not fully understood. In this report, streptozotocin was used to induce hyperglycemia in pregnant rats for the purpose of investigating the impact of GDM on placental formation and fetal development. GDM caused placentomegaly and placenta malformation, decreasing placental efficiency and fetal size. Elevated glucose disrupted rat trophoblast stem (TS) cell differentiation in vitro. Evidence of altered trophoblast differentiation was also observed in vivo, as hyperglycemia affected the junctional zone transcriptome and interfered with intrauterine trophoblast invasion and uterine spiral artery remodeling. When exposed to hypoxia, rats with GDM showed decreased proliferation and ectoplacental cone development on gestation day (gd) 9.5 and complete pregnancy loss by gd 13.5. Furthermore, elevated glucose concentrations inhibited TS cell responses to hypoxia in vitro. Overall, these results indicate that alterations in placental development, efficiency, and plasticity could contribute to the suboptimal fetal outcomes in offspring from pregnancies complicated by GDM.

2020-07-07 | GSE144276 | GEO

miRNA Expression in Early Porcine Pregnancy

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2013-08-01 | E-GEOD-45761 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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2024-03-27 | GSE261707 | GEO

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Project description:Very limited information about the post-implantatory effects of vitrification has been published till now. In a previous study, we observed that vitrification procedure introduced transcriptomic and proteomic modifications in the rabbit foetal placenta at the middle of gestation. In addition, a reduction in maternal placenta and foetal weight was also detected. In order to know if these alterations were temporary or not, the aim of the current study was to analyse the proteomic profile of rabbit foetal placenta at two different times of gestation: Day 14 and Day 24. We performed a comparative 2D-DIGE analysis and found that placentas from vitrified embryos expressed eleven different proteins at Day 14 and thirteen at Day 24. The alteration of serum albumin, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 [NADP+] and phosphoglycerate mutase 1 were maintained both Day 14 and Day 24. Our results demonstrate that vitrification is not neutral, and induce a substantial alteration of placental protein expression, even at the end of gestation. But, apart from short-term effects observed on embryos, could vitrification entail long-term consequences in those foetuses that are going to be born? Further studies will determine if alterations observed could be the set point of future modifications to manifest into adulthood

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