A Single-Cell Transcriptomic Atlas Characterizes Age-Related Changes of Murine Cranial Stem Cell Niches
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE235176 | GEO | 2023/09/11
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) And osteolineage cells contribute to the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) Niche in the bone marrow of long bones. However, Their developmental relationships remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that different MSC populations in the developing marrow of long bones have distinct functions. Proliferative mesoderm-derived nestin- MSCs participate in fetal skeletogenesis, And lose MSC activity soon after birth. In contrast, Quiescent neural-crest-derived nestin+ Cells in the same bones preserve MSC activity, But do not generate fetal chondrocytes. Instead, They differentiate into HSC-niche-forming MSCs, Helping to establish the HSC niche by secreting Cxcl12. Perineural migration of these cells to the bone marrow requires the ErbB3 receptor. The neonatal Nestin-GFP+ PDGFR- Cell population also contains Schwann-cell precursors, But does not comprise mature Schwann cells. Thus, In the developing bone marrow HSC-niche-forming MSCs share a common origin with sympathetic peripheral neurons and glial cells, And ontogenically distinct MSCs have non-overlapping functions in endochondrogenesis and HSC niche formation. Total RNA was isolated from small numbers of FACS sorted stromal cells, obtained from neonatal Nes-Gfp bone marrow preparations (2 biological replicates). Each independent set of samples was obtained from pooled skeletal elements (long bones and sterna) form multiple littermates.
2014-10-15 | E-GEOD-61695 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) And osteolineage cells contribute to the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) Niche in the bone marrow of long bones. However, Their developmental relationships remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that different MSC populations in the developing marrow of long bones have distinct functions. Proliferative mesoderm-derived nestin- MSCs participate in fetal skeletogenesis, And lose MSC activity soon after birth. In contrast, Quiescent neural-crest-derived nestin+ Cells in the same bones preserve MSC activity, But do not generate fetal chondrocytes. Instead, They differentiate into HSC-niche-forming MSCs, Helping to establish the HSC niche by secreting Cxcl12. Perineural migration of these cells to the bone marrow requires the ErbB3 receptor. The neonatal Nestin-GFP+ PDGFR- Cell population also contains Schwann-cell precursors, But does not comprise mature Schwann cells. Thus, In the developing bone marrow HSC-niche-forming MSCs share a common origin with sympathetic peripheral neurons and glial cells, And ontogenically distinct MSCs have non-overlapping functions in endochondrogenesis and HSC niche formation.
2014-10-15 | GSE61695 | GEO
Project description:Objective: Craniofacial bone defects caused by injuries and congenital diseases are a formidable challenge to clinicians. Research has shown promise in using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) from limb bones for craniofacial bone regeneration; yet little is known about the potential of BM-MSCs from craniofacial bones. This study compared BM-MSCs isolated from limb and craniofacial bones in pigs, a preclinical model closely resembling humans. Design: Bone marrow was aspirated from the tibia and mandible of four-month-old pigs (n=4), followed by BM-MSC isolation, culture-expansion and confirmation by flow cytometry. Proliferation rates were compared using population doubling times. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by quantifying alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Total mRNA was extracted from freshly isolated BM-MSCs and analyzed to compare gene expressions of tibial and mandibular BM-MSCs using an Affymetrix GeneChip porcine genome array, followed by real-time RT-PCR evaluation of two neural crest markers. Results: BM-MSCs from both locations expressed MSC markers without expression of hematopoietic markers. Mandibular BM-MSCs proliferated significantly faster than tibial BM-MSCs. Without osteogenic inducers, mandibular BM-MSC alkaline phosphatase activities were 3.3-fold greater than those of tibial origin. Microarray analysis identified 383 differentially expressed genes in mandibular and tibial BM-MSCs, including higher expression of cranial neural crest-related genes nestin and BMP-4 in mandibular BM-MSCs, a trend also confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Among differently expressed genes, only 47 showed greater than 1.5-fold differences in expression. Conclusions: These data indicate that despite many similarities in gene expression, mandibular BM-MSCs express of number of genes differently than tibial BM-MSCs and have a phenotypic profile that may make them advantageous for craniofacial bone regeneration. Bone marrow was aspirated from the mandibular symphyseal region and the tibia of 3 pigs. Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the bone marrow and cultured to 80% confluence. Cells were harvested for total RNA extraction and the RNA was analyzed by Affymetrix GeneChip porcine genome array.
2016-05-14 | E-GEOD-81430 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Skeletal aging and disease are associated with a misbalance in the opposing actions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts that are responsible for maintaining the integrity of bone tissues. Here, we show through detailed functional and single-cell genomic studies that intrinsic aging of bona fide mouse skeletal stem cells (SSCs) alters bone marrow niche signaling and skews bone and blood lineage differentiation leading to fragile bones that regenerate poorly. Aged SSCs have diminished bone and cartilage forming potential but produce higher frequencies of stromal lineages that express high levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-resorptive cytokines. Single-cell transcriptomic studies reveal a distinct population of SSCs in aged mice that gradually outcompete their younger counterparts in the bone marrow niche. While systemic exposure to a youthful circulation through heterochronic parabiosis reduced local expression of inflammatory cytokines, it did not reverse the diminished osteochondrogenic activity of aged SSCs and was insufficient to improve bone mass and skeletal-healing parameters in aged mice. Hematopoietic reconstitution of aged mice with young hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) also did not improve bone integrity and repair. We find that deficient bone regeneration in aged mice could only be reversed by the local application of a combinatorial treatment that re-activates aged SSCs and simultaneously abates crosstalk to hematopoietic cells favoring an inflammatory milieu. This treatment expanded aged SSC pools, reduced osteoclast activity, and enhanced bone healing to youthful levels. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into the complex, multifactorial mechanisms underlying skeletal aging and offer new prospects for rejuvenating the aged skeletal system.
2021-06-11 | GSE172149 | GEO
Project description:Skeletal aging and disease are associated with a misbalance in the opposing actions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts that are responsible for maintaining the integrity of bone tissues. Here, we show through detailed functional and single-cell genomic studies that intrinsic aging of bona fide mouse skeletal stem cells (SSCs) alters bone marrow niche signaling and skews bone and blood lineage differentiation leading to fragile bones that regenerate poorly. Aged SSCs have diminished bone and cartilage forming potential but produce higher frequencies of stromal lineages that express high levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-resorptive cytokines. Single-cell transcriptomic studies reveal a distinct population of SSCs in aged mice that gradually outcompete their younger counterparts in the bone marrow niche. While systemic exposure to a youthful circulation through heterochronic parabiosis reduced local expression of inflammatory cytokines, it did not reverse the diminished osteochondrogenic activity of aged SSCs and was insufficient to improve bone mass and skeletal-healing parameters in aged mice. Hematopoietic reconstitution of aged mice with young hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) also did not improve bone integrity and repair. We find that deficient bone regeneration in aged mice could only be reversed by the local application of a combinatorial treatment that re-activates aged SSCs and simultaneously abates crosstalk to hematopoietic cells favoring an inflammatory milieu. This treatment expanded aged SSC pools, reduced osteoclast activity, and enhanced bone healing to youthful levels. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into the complex, multifactorial mechanisms underlying skeletal aging and offer new prospects for rejuvenating the aged skeletal system.
2021-06-11 | GSE166441 | GEO
Project description:Skeletal aging and disease are associated with a misbalance in the opposing actions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts that are responsible for maintaining the integrity of bone tissues. Here, we show through detailed functional and single-cell genomic studies that intrinsic aging of bona fide mouse skeletal stem cells (SSCs) alters bone marrow niche signaling and skews bone and blood lineage differentiation leading to fragile bones that regenerate poorly. Aged SSCs have diminished bone and cartilage forming potential but produce higher frequencies of stromal lineages that express high levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-resorptive cytokines. Single-cell transcriptomic studies reveal a distinct population of SSCs in aged mice that gradually outcompete their younger counterparts in the bone marrow niche. While systemic exposure to a youthful circulation through heterochronic parabiosis reduced local expression of inflammatory cytokines, it did not reverse the diminished osteochondrogenic activity of aged SSCs and was insufficient to improve bone mass and skeletal-healing parameters in aged mice. Hematopoietic reconstitution of aged mice with young hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) also did not improve bone integrity and repair. We find that deficient bone regeneration in aged mice could only be reversed by the local application of a combinatorial treatment that re-activates aged SSCs and simultaneously abates crosstalk to hematopoietic cells favoring an inflammatory milieu. This treatment expanded aged SSC pools, reduced osteoclast activity, and enhanced bone healing to youthful levels. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into the complex, multifactorial mechanisms underlying skeletal aging and offer new prospects for rejuvenating the aged skeletal system.
2021-06-11 | GSE161946 | GEO
Project description:Objective: Craniofacial bone defects caused by injuries and congenital diseases are a formidable challenge to clinicians. Research has shown promise in using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) from limb bones for craniofacial bone regeneration; yet little is known about the potential of BM-MSCs from craniofacial bones. This study compared BM-MSCs isolated from limb and craniofacial bones in pigs, a preclinical model closely resembling humans. Design: Bone marrow was aspirated from the tibia and mandible of four-month-old pigs (n=4), followed by BM-MSC isolation, culture-expansion and confirmation by flow cytometry. Proliferation rates were compared using population doubling times. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by quantifying alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Total mRNA was extracted from freshly isolated BM-MSCs and analyzed to compare gene expressions of tibial and mandibular BM-MSCs using an Affymetrix GeneChip porcine genome array, followed by real-time RT-PCR evaluation of two neural crest markers. Results: BM-MSCs from both locations expressed MSC markers without expression of hematopoietic markers. Mandibular BM-MSCs proliferated significantly faster than tibial BM-MSCs. Without osteogenic inducers, mandibular BM-MSC alkaline phosphatase activities were 3.3-fold greater than those of tibial origin. Microarray analysis identified 383 differentially expressed genes in mandibular and tibial BM-MSCs, including higher expression of cranial neural crest-related genes nestin and BMP-4 in mandibular BM-MSCs, a trend also confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Among differently expressed genes, only 47 showed greater than 1.5-fold differences in expression. Conclusions: These data indicate that despite many similarities in gene expression, mandibular BM-MSCs express of number of genes differently than tibial BM-MSCs and have a phenotypic profile that may make them advantageous for craniofacial bone regeneration.
2016-05-14 | GSE81430 | GEO
Project description:The gene expression of bone marrow cells of mice enriched for Gremlin1 vs control was measured (n=3). It is not known if endogenous adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exist.Following culture,perisinusoidal mesenchymal cells can clonally recapitulate the skeletal microenvironment, but this fails to confirm their endogenous lineage repertoire. Multipotential MSCs in vitro may be fate-restricted in vivo and specific perisinusoidal recombination does not trace bone or cartilage Reconciling in vitro MSCs with their in vivo potential has been challenging and remains untested outside of the bone. We prove that expression of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-antagonist gremlin 1 (Grem1) identifies a population of self-renewing, multipotent bone, cartilage and stromal-primed MSCs in both health and healing that are completely distinct from the established Nes-GFP niche-supporting mesenchymal cells. Grem1 recombination also identifies small intestinal MSCs (siMSCs) that can be transplanted and clonally trace the self-renewing, multilineage periepithelial mesenchymal sheath. Our findings prove the existence of adult MSCs that are regionally and functionally distinct from perisinusoidal Nes-GFP cells. We also established that the mesenchyme undergoes ordered turnover outside of the bone and may help to preserve regional niches. Grem1 MSCs provide a new focus for investigating mesenchymal renewal and repair. a.Adult (6-8 weeks) Grem1;TdTomato mice were induced by oral tamoxifen and their bone marrow harvested by digestion sorted for Non-recombined CD45/CD31/Ter-119 triple negative bone marrow cells (n=3). b.Adult (6-8 weeks) Grem1;TdTomato mice were induced by oral tamoxifen and their bone marrow harvested by digestion sorted for Grem1 (n=3). Same mice as in a so that samples are matched.
2015-02-10 | E-GEOD-57729 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The application of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to the bone field has led to significant advancements in our understanding of skeletal stem cell (SSC) heterogeneity, yet disparity remains in the characterization of these cells in the context of their native environment. To resolve these limitations, we combined scRNAseq and spatial transcriptomics in adult femurs to provide endogenous, in vivo context. First, predictive modeling was used to determine the spatial location of SSCs within the bone marrow. These results localized CXCL12-abundant reticular cells to the bone marrow, while PDGFRα+SCA1+ were found to enrich within the outer periosteum. Correlative analyses were next used to define the cellular niche composition, identifying smooth muscle cells, as well as endothelial cell and macrophage subtypes overrepresented within the SSC niche. Using cell-cell communication prediction and spatial transcriptomics, we defined ligand-receptor pairs specifically expressed within the niche and mapped their expression back to niche-resident cells. Finally, these SSC niches were placed in the context of bone microdomains. Signaling gradients derived from the vasculature and bone surfaces were unbiasedly assessed using SpatialTime. This data indicated a striking, spatially-restricted activation of metabolic and major morphogenetic pathways. This project demonstrates the ability of this technique to spatially localize SSC subpopulations, define the cellular components of the stem cell niche, unravel cell-cell communication and place this niche in the context of its bone microdomain to gain a comprehensive understanding of local and global SSC regulatory networks within the bone.
2023-11-10 | GSE228534 | GEO
Project description:While extensive efforts have been on understanding bone marrow (BM) niche contribution to normal and malignant hematopoiesis, the role of extramedullary niches has been largely ignored. Evidence suggests a BM mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) counterpart exists in skin. However, their native identity and role in hematopoiesis remain unexplored. Here, we demonstrated that mouse skin harbors MSC subsets that are phenotypically and molecularly similar to BM MSCs, including a primitive MSC population marked by Early B-cell Factor 2 (Ebf2) and downstream MSCs lacking Ebf2. Functionally, skin MSCs not only support acute myeloid leukemia (AML) stem cells but also protect them from chemotherapy. This persistence of AML cells in skin were further amplified in AML-promoting microenvironment lacking Lama4. Our study demonstrated the features of extramedullary niches in skin and their previously unrecognized role in supporting AML stem cells during chemotherapy, opening a new path for understanding the extramedullary manifestation of AML in patients.
2023-07-16 | GSE167562 | GEO