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Hypermethylation suppresses microRNA-219a-2 to activate the ALDH1L2/GSH/PAI-1 pathway for fibronectin degradation in renal fibrosis [RRBS]

ABSTRACT: Epigenetic regulations, such as DNA methylation and microRNAs, play an important role in renal fibrosis. Here, we report the regulation of microRNA-219a-2 (mir-219a-2) by DNA methylation in fibrotic kidneys, unveiling the crosstalk between these epigenetic mechanisms. Through genome-wide DNA methylation analysis and pyro-sequencing, we detected the hypermethylation of mir-219a-2 in renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) or renal ischemia/reperfusion, which was accompanied by a significant decrease in mir-219a-5p expression. Functionally, overexpression of mir-219a-2 enhanced fibronectin induction during hypoxia or TGF-b1 treatment of cultured renal cells. In mice, inhibition of mir-219a-5p suppressed fibronectin accumulation in UUO kidneys. ALDH1L2 was identified to be the direct target gene of mir-219a-5p in renal fibrosis. Mir-219a-5p suppressed ALDH1L2 expression in cultured renal cells, while inhibition of mir-219a-5p prevented the decrease of ALDH1L2 in UUO kidneys. Knockdown of ALDH1L2 enhanced PAI-1 induction during TGF-b1 treatment of renal cells, which was associated with fibronectin expression. In conclusion, the hypermethylation of mir-219a-2 in response to fibrotic stress attenuates mir-219a-5p expression and induces the up-regulation of its target gene ALDH1L2, which may reduce fibronectin deposition by suppressing PAI-1.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE236018 | GEO | 2023/11/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:We aimed to identify miRNA biomarkers of renal injury in kidney biopsies from patients with lupus nephritis. MiRNA profiles of 8 patients were analyzed for correlation with various clinical features including Progression, Activity, Chronicity, and Time to Kidney Failure. MicroRNAs (miRs) are promising biomarkers and are involved in pathogenesis of kidney diseases. We aimed to identify miR biomarkers of renal injury in kidney biopsies from patients with lupus nephritis and study their potential role in renal fibrosis. miR-150 was significantly increased in kidneys with high chronicity compared to low chronicity and it correlated positively with chronicity index scores and renal collagen I expression. In kidneys with high chronicity, miR-150 was found predominantly in proximal tubular cells (PTCs) and was moderately expressed in podocytes and to lesser degree in mesangial cells (MCs). We hypothesized that miR-150 increases fibrosis by downregulating a negative regulator of profibrotic proteins. Suppressor of cytokine signaling1 (SOCS1) is a predicted target of miR-150 and has shown antifibrotic role. After confirming that SOCS1 is a direct target of miR-150, we showed that transfection of a miR-150 analog downregulated SOCS1 protein and upregulated the profibrotic proteins fibronectin, collagen I, collagen III, and TGF-β1 in both primary normal human renal PTCs and MCs. A similar effect was seen when using a SOCS1 siRNA to confirm that the effect of miR-150 on profibrotic proteins is mediated through SOCS1. Stimulation with TGF-β1 induced miR-150 increase in PTCs and human podocytes but not MCs. These results suggest that miR-150 might be a useful quantitative renal biomarker of kidney injury in lupus nephritis and that miR-150, which might be partially induced by TGF-β1, plays an important role in renal fibrosis by increasing profibrotic molecules through downregulation of SOCS1. FFPE kidney specimens (n=25) including baseline and repeated needle renal biopsies were from 14 patients with LN enrolled in IRB-approved protocols at the NIDDK between 1976 and 1999. The specimens were divided in two groups based on histological chronicity index (CI). CI ≥ 4 were categorized as having high degree of chronicity of chronic kidney injury. 18 kidneys from 8 patients including high CI (n=9) and low CI (n=9) were used for miR profiling by Affymetrix microRNA microarrays.

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Hypermethylation suppresses microRNA-219a-2 to activate the ALDH1L2/GSH/PAI-1 pathway for fibronectin degradation in renal fibrosis [RRBS]

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