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HDA9 Epigenetically Regulate Mitochondria, Chloroplast Redox Systems Under ABA Signaling

ABSTRACT: The regulation of stomatal aperture in plants is impacted by changes in hormones and the environment and is controlled by a complex signaling cascade within guard cells. Mitochondria and chloroplast play a crucial role in regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in plants, which also triggers stomatal movement. However, the regulation of ROS production in mitochondria and chloroplasts still need to be addressed. Abscisic acid (ABA) stimulates ROS production in guard cells, leading to stomatal closure during drought stress. Transcriptomic analysis in Arabidopsis reveals increased expression of ROS-inducing proteins NADPH oxidases and decreased expression of ROS scavengers, including mitochondrial complex I and III. The mechanism regulating ROS inducers and scavengers during ABA and drought stress remains unclear. Our study proposes epigenetic regulation of the mitochondria and chloroplast proteins by Histone deacetylase 9 (HDA9). Loss of function mutant hda9-1 displays ABA insensitivity, representing HDA9's negative regulation in ABA stress. Transcriptomic analysis of hda9-1 also shows increased expression of cytochrome C oxidase-like protein thioredoxin M-4 and ferrdoxin-1, and decreased expression of NADPH oxidases, in contrast to wild-type plants. ChIP-seq analysis using anti HDA9-FLAG antibodies reveals enrichment of cytochrome C oxidase-like protein, thioredoxin M-4, and ferrdoxin-1 loci. Our data suggest that HDA9 binds to these loci on the chromatin and represses their transcription in response to ABA stress.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE236189 | GEO | 2026/08/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Drought and salt stress severely inhibit plant growth and development. However, the regulatory mechanisms of plants in response to these stresses are not fully understood. Here we find that the expression of a WRKY transcription factor WRKY46 is rapidly induced by drought, salt and oxidative stresses. Mutations of WRKY46 by T-DNA insertion lead to more sensitive to drought and salt stress, whereas, overexpression of WRKY46 exhibits hypersensitive in soil culture with higher water loss rate, but increased tolerance on the agar plates. ABA induced stomatal closing is impaired in the WRKY46 overexpressing line (OV46), which is potentially due to the lower ROS accumulation in the guard cells. Real-time qPCR and GUS activity assay further demonstrate that WRKY46 is expressed in guard cells, but its expression is not affected by dehydration treatment, suggesting different regulatory mechanisms for WRKY46 between guard cells and other WRKY46 expressed tissues. The stomatal movement and conductance assay indicate that WRKY46 is involved in light-dependent stomatal opening. Further microarray analysis reveals that WRKY46 regulates a set of genes involved in cellular osmoprotection and redox homeostasis under dehydration stress. Determinations of ROS and MDA content confirm its role in oxidative detoxification under stress. Furthermore, we find that WRKY46 modulates light-dependent starch metabolism in guard cells via regulating QQS gene expression. Taken together, we demonstrate that WRKY46 plays a role in modulating cellular osmoprotection and redox homeostasis under drought and salt stress, and functions independently in stomatal movement via regulating light-dependent starch metabolism and ROS levels in guard cells. We used microarrays to identify the certain downstream genes regulated by WRKY46 under normal and dehydration conditions. One-week-old Arabidopsis seedlings of wild-type Col-0 (WT) and WRKY46 overexpressing line (46T) with or without dehydration treatment for 1 h were harvested and used for RNA extraction and hybridization to Affymetrix Arabidopsis ATH1 microarrays. The experiment includes 3 biological replicates.

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HDA9 Epigenetically Regulate Mitochondria, Chloroplast Redox Systems Under ABA Signaling

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