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Expression data from Xenopus anterior gut RFX6 knockdown

ABSTRACT: Recently a new neonatal diabetes syndrome, Mitchell-Riley syndrome, was discovered. To identify the genetic cause of the syndrome homozygosity mapping was used, several chromosomal regions were linked to Mitchell-Riley syndrome. In situ hybridization of genes from one such region using model organism Xenopus laevis identified RFX6 as a potential candidate gene; mutant forms of RFX6 were subsequently found in Mitchell-Riley patients. Analysis of the expression pattern of RFX6 in Xenopus development shows it is expressed broadly in the endoderm early in development, and later RFX6 becomes restricted to the endocrine cells of the gut and pancreas. Morpholino knockdown of RFX6 in Xenopus caused a loss of pancreas marker gene expression. Injection of exogenous wild type RFX6 rescued the morpholino phenotype in Xenopus tadpoles. Attempts to rescue the loss-of-function phenotype using mutant forms of RFX6 found in Mitchell-Riley patients were unsuccessful suggesting the changes lead to loss-of-function and could be the cause of Mitchell-Riley syndrome. Microarray analysis of gene expression in knockdown tissue suggested a downregulation in marker genes for lung, stomach and heart, ambiguous results for the liver, and an upregulation in kidney marker gene expression. RT-PCR and in situ hybridization confirms a loss of lung, stomach and heart gene expression, no change in liver marker hex and an upregulation in kidney marker KcnJ1. The fact that the morpholino phenotype affects multiple organs suggests that RFX6 has a broad role early in endoderm development.

ORGANISM(S): Xenopus laevis

PROVIDER: GSE23642 | GEO | 2011/01/24

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA130953

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Expression data from Xenopus anterior gut RFX6 knockdown

Project description:Recently a new neonatal diabetes syndrome, Mitchell-Riley syndrome, was discovered. To identify the genetic cause of the syndrome homozygosity mapping was used, several chromosomal regions were linked to Mitchell-Riley syndrome. In situ hybridization of genes from one such region using model organism Xenopus laevis identified RFX6 as a potential candidate gene; mutant forms of RFX6 were subsequently found in Mitchell-Riley patients. Analysis of the expression pattern of RFX6 in Xenopus development shows it is expressed broadly in the endoderm early in development, and later RFX6 becomes restricted to the endocrine cells of the gut and pancreas. Morpholino knockdown of RFX6 in Xenopus caused a loss of pancreas marker gene expression. Injection of exogenous wild type RFX6 rescued the morpholino phenotype in Xenopus tadpoles. Attempts to rescue the loss-of-function phenotype using mutant forms of RFX6 found in Mitchell-Riley patients were unsuccessful suggesting the changes lead to loss-of-function and could be the cause of Mitchell-Riley syndrome. Microarray analysis of gene expression in knockdown tissue suggested a downregulation in marker genes for lung, stomach and heart, ambiguous results for the liver, and an upregulation in kidney marker gene expression. RT-PCR and in situ hybridization confirms a loss of lung, stomach and heart gene expression, no change in liver marker hex and an upregulation in kidney marker KcnJ1. The fact that the morpholino phenotype affects multiple organs suggests that RFX6 has a broad role early in endoderm development. Xenopus laevis embryos were injected with morpholinos, either mismatch control (MM) or RFX6 start site (MO1), at the 8-cell stage. The foreguts of the resulting tadpoles were dissected at 3 different stages of development, NF30, NF40 and NF44.

2011-01-24 | E-GEOD-23642 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcriptome analysis of pancreatic progenitors differentiated from H9 human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells derived from a Mitchell-Riley Syndrome patient

Project description:Skin biopsies were obtained from a patient with Mitchell-Riley syndrome caused by a homozygous frame-shift mutation (c.1129C>T) in the RFX6 gene that leads to a premature stop codon (p.Arg377X). The patient suffered severe pancreatic agenesis, in common with other Mitchell-Riley syndrome patients. Fibroblasts from the biopsy were reprogrammed to generate a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) line (MRS2-6). To assess the effects of the mutant RFX6 allele on pancreas formation and identify direct targets of the transcription factor RFX6, MRS2-6 and H9 control human embryonic stem cells (hESC) were differentiated into pancreatic progenitors. Samples were harvested for RNA isolation and whole transcriptome analysis at days 4 (definitive endoderm), 7 and 8 (gut tube), and 12 (pancreatic progenitors).

2020-03-30 | E-MTAB-6626 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Xenopus cDNA microarray identification of genes with endodermal organ expression

Project description:The endoderm is classically defined as the innermost layer of three Metazoan germ layers. During organogenesis, the endoderm gives rise to the digestive and respiratory tracts as well as associated organs such as the liver, pancreas, and lung. At present, however, how the endoderm forms the variety of cell types of digestive and respiratory tracts as well as the budding organs is not well understood. In order to investigate the molecular basis and mechanism of organogenesis and to identify the endodermal organ-related marker genes, we carried out microarray analysis using Xenopus cDNA chips. To achieve this goal, we isolated the Xenopus gut endoderm from three different stages of Xenopus organogenesis, and separated each stage of gut endoderm into anterior and posterior region. Competitive hybridization of cDNA between the anterior and posterior endoderm regions, to screen genes that specifically expressed in the major anterior organs, revealed 891 candidates. We then selected 104 clones for in situ hybridization analysis. Here, we report the identification and expression patterns of the 104 Xenopus endodermal genes, which would serve as useful markers for studying endodermal organ development. Keywords: Xenopus, endoderm, microarray, organogenesis

2007-03-31 | GSE7129 | GEO

Transcriptome analysis of pancreatic endoderm differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells derived from a patient with Mitchell-Riley Syndrome and her unaffected father

Project description:Skin biopsies were obtained from a patient with Mitchell-Riley syndrome and her unaffected father. The patient suffered neonatal diabetes, anaemia, intrauterine growth restriction, pancreatic hypoplasia and duodenal atresia, in common with other Mitchell-Riley syndrome patients. The disease was found to be caused by a homozygous frame-shift mutation (c.1129C>T) in the RFX6 gene that leads to a premature stop codon (p.Arg377Ter), of which her father is a carrier. Fibroblasts from the biopsies were reprogrammed to generate human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines: two from the patient (MRS2-6 & MRS2-10) and two from the father (F14 & F18). To assess the effects of the mutant RFX6 allele on pancreas formation, these iPSC were differentiated into PDX1+ pancreatic endoderm and samples harvested for RNA isolation and whole transcriptome analysis. The number of biological replicates (independent differentiation experiments) carried out for each cell line are as follows: F14 (2), F18 (2), MRS2-6 (1), MRS2-10 (2). Two technical replicates were sequenced for each independent experiment.

2020-10-23 | E-MTAB-9243 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcriptome profile of human pancreatic beta cell line (EndoC-βH2 ) following knockdown of RFX6.

2014-12-22 | GSE59049 | GEO

Transcription profiling of Xenopus laevis early embryos to investigate the roles of Nodal, Mixer and Sox17 in endoderm formation

Project description:A conserved molecular pathway has emerged controlling endoderm formation in Xenopus zebrafish and mice. Key genes in this pathway include Nodal ligands and transcription factors of the Mix-like paired homeodomain class, Gata4-6 zinc finger factors and Sox17 HMG domain proteins. While a linear epistatic pathway has been proposed, the precise hierarchical relationships between these factors and their downstream targets are largely unresolved. Here we used a combination of microarray analysis and loss-of-function experiments to examine the global regulatory network controlling Xenopus endoderm formation. We identified over 300 transcripts enriched in the gastrula endoderm, including most of the known endoderm regulators as well as over a hundred uncharacterized genes. Surprisingly only 10% of the endoderm transcriptome is regulated as predicted by the current linear model. We find that Nodals, Mixer and Sox17 have both shared and distinct sets of downstream targets and that a number of unexpected autoregulatory loops exist between Sox17 and Gata4-6, Sox17 and Bix1, 2, 4 and between Sox17 and Xnr4. We find that Mixer does not function primarily via Sox17 as previously proposed. This data provides a new insight into the complexity of endoderm formation and will serve as valuable resource for establishing a complete endoderm gene regulatory network. Experiment Overall Design: Define a set of transcripts with enriched expression in the gastrula endoderm of the Xenopus laevis embryo and determine how these are regulated by nodal signaling, Mixer and Sox17 using loss-of-function experiments. For more specific details see Sinner et al., (2006) Global analysis of the transcriptional network controlling Xenopus endoderm formation.

2007-10-05 | E-GEOD-4448 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Gene expression changes in stage 23 Xenopus laevis embryos upon Neil2 knockdown

Project description:It was shown that neil2 is required for neural crest development in Xenopus (Schomacher et al. 2016; doi:10.1038/nsmb.3151). To gain further insights into the underlying molecular mechanism leading to neural crest defects and microcephaly in neil2 Morpholino injected Xenopus embryos, we performed RNA-seq transcriptome analysis of neil2 Morpholino versus control Morpholino injected embryos.

2019-09-16 | GSE130079 | GEO

Transcriptome profile of human pancreatic beta cell line (EndoC-M-NM-2H2 ) following knockdown of RFX6.

Project description:RFX6 is a key transcription factor for the development of mouse pancreas, however the functional roles of RFX6 in human beta cells are poorly explored. Thus transcriptome analysis was perfomed to determine the functional targets of RFX6 in human beta cells using the recently developed human beta cell-line EndoC-M-NM-2H2. Transcriptome profile of human beta cell line (EndoC-M-NM-2H2 cells) following siRNA induced knockdown of RFX6 is compared with siControl (siNT) treated EndoC-M-NM-2H2 cells.

2014-12-22 | E-GEOD-59049 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Expression data from Xenopus endoderm at stage 15 following four hours of Ngn3-GR overexpression

Project description:Ngn3 is a master regulator of pancreatic endocrine development. It is necessary for the creation of all endocrine cells in mice. Little is known about the genes that act downstream of the transcription factor Ngn3 in pancreas endocrine development to specify each of the endocrine lineages. As a consequence, little is known about the genes involved in early development and the specification of the beta cell. We used microarrays to identify Ngn3 downstream genes that are involved in early and ectopic beta cell development in Xenopus laevis. We overexpressed Ngn3 in the Xenopus early endoderm and analyzed the genes that are upregulated four hours after. Xenopus laevis embryos were injected with Ngn3-GR mRNA at the eight-cell stage in the two dorsal vegetal blastomeres. Embryos at stage 12 were either treated with dexamethasone (+DEX) for four hours or no DEX (-DEX). The endoderm was dissected at stage 15. We looked for genes upregulated in the +DEX samples compared to the -DEX samples.

2012-03-31 | E-GEOD-29017 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Xenopus laevis embryos and animal caps: Control vs PouV morpholino

Project description:Transcriptional profiling of Xenopus laevis embryos and ectoderm (animal caps) comparing embryos injected with control morpholino with embryos injected with the morpholino mixture PVD2, which knocks down all three Xenopus PouV proteins. Whole embryos (WE) or animal caps (AC) were collected at late blastula (9) or early gastrula (10) stages from Control and PVD2 morphants.

2013-11-12 | GSE47578 | GEO

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