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Loss of mitochondrial functions in Candida glabrata results in enhanced virulence in mice

ABSTRACT: Two C. glabrata related isolates recovered from the same patient undergoing azole therapy were characterized. The first isolate, BPY40, is azole-susceptibleand the second, BPY41, is azole-resistant. To determine whether the petite mutation conferred a selective advantage during host infection, the virulence of BPY40 and BPY41 was assessed in mice. Surprisingly, the petite mutant, even if showing in vitro growth deficiency as compared to BPY40, was more virulent than BPY40 both in intravenous and vaginal murine infection models. The increased virulence of the petite mutant correlated with a drastic gain of fitness in mice as compared to its parental isolate. Genome-wide changes in gene expression driven by the petite mutation were analyzed by microarrays. Enrichment of specific biological processes (oxido-reductive metabolism, stress response) was observed in BPY41, all consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, some genes involved in cell wall genome-wide changes in gene expression driven by the petite mutation were analyzed by microarrays. Enrichment of specific biological processes (oxido-reductive metabolism, stress response) was observed in BPY41, all consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction.

ORGANISM(S): Nakaseomyces glabratus CBS 138 Nakaseomyces glabratus

PROVIDER: GSE23826 | GEO | 2010/12/31

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA130561

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Loss of mitochondrial functions in Candida glabrata results in enhanced virulence in mice

Project description:Two C. glabrata related isolates recovered from the same patient undergoing azole therapy were characterized. The first isolate, BPY40, is azole-susceptibleand the second, BPY41, is azole-resistant. To determine whether the petite mutation conferred a selective advantage during host infection, the virulence of BPY40 and BPY41 was assessed in mice. Surprisingly, the petite mutant, even if showing in vitro growth deficiency as compared to BPY40, was more virulent than BPY40 both in intravenous and vaginal murine infection models. The increased virulence of the petite mutant correlated with a drastic gain of fitness in mice as compared to its parental isolate. Genome-wide changes in gene expression driven by the petite mutation were analyzed by microarrays. Enrichment of specific biological processes (oxido-reductive metabolism, stress response) was observed in BPY41, all consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, some genes involved in cell wall genome-wide changes in gene expression driven by the petite mutation were analyzed by microarrays. Enrichment of specific biological processes (oxido-reductive metabolism, stress response) was observed in BPY41, all consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction. Gene expression was measured in 2 related C. glabrata clinical isolates (BPY40 and BPY41). The one-color system was used . 3 independent experiments were performed using 3 biological replicate for each strain.

2010-12-31 | E-GEOD-23826 | biostudies-arrayexpress

The galactose regulator GalX regulates the D-galactose oxido-reductive pathway in Aspergillus niger.

2012-09-20 | GSE40219 | GEO

Contribution of CgPDR1-regulated genes in enhanced virulence of azole-resistant Candida glabrata (part 2)

Project description:In this study, we aimed to determine genome-wide changes in gene expression driven by seven individual CgPDR1 hyperactive alleles as compared to wild-type allele to identify i) the CgPdr1p target genes differentially expressed in presence of CgPDR1 hyperactive alleles and ii) potential virulence factor(s) regulated by CgPDR1 hyperactive alleles. Microarray experiments revealed a high number of genes (ranging from 80 to 400 genes) differentially regulated by individual CgPDR1 hyperactive alleles. Gene expression was measured in 2 C. glabrata clinical isolates (DSY717 and DSY2317). DSY2317 is azole-susceptible and contains a wild-type CgPDR1 allele. DSY717 is azole-resistant and contains a CgPDR1 allele with the gain-of-function mutation L1081F.

2010-12-31 | E-GEOD-23828 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Loss of sterol demethylase activity reduces both azole and echinocandin antifungal susceptibility in a clinical isolate of C. parapsilosis

Project description:The present study describes a novel mechanism of antifungal resistance affecting the susceptibility of both the azole and echinocandin antifungals in an azole-resistant isolate from a matched pair of C. parapsilosis isolates obtained from a patient with prosthetic valve endocarditis. Transcriptome analysis indicated differential expression of several genes in the resistant isolate including upregulation of ERG1, ERG2, ERG5, ERG6, ERG11, ERG24, ERG25, ERG27, DAP1 and UPC2, of the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. Whole genome sequencing revealed a mutation in the ERG3 gene leading to a G111R amino acid substitution in the resistant isolate. Subsequent introduction of this allele in the native ERG3 locus in the susceptible isolate resulted in a fluconazole MIC of >64 mg/ml and a caspofungin MIC of 8 mg/ml. Corresponding allelic replacement of the wildtype allele for the mutant allele in the resistant isolate resulted in a drop in MIC to 1 mg/ml for both fluconazole and caspofungin. Sterol profiles indicated a loss of sterol demethylase activity as a result of this mutation. This work demonstrate that this G111R mutation is wholly responsible for the resistant phenotype in the C. parapsilosis resistant isolate and is the first report of this multidrug resistance mechanism.

2017-05-25 | GSE98986 | GEO

The galactose regulator GalX regulates the D-galactose oxido-reductive pathway in Aspergillus niger.

Project description:Galactose catabolism in Aspergillus nidulans is regulated by at least two regulators, GalR and GalX. In Aspergillus niger only GalX is present, and its role in D-galactose catabolism in this fungus was investigated. Phenotypic and gene expression analysis of a wild type and a galX disruptant revealed that GalX does not substitute for the absence of GalR in A. niger, it regulates the D-galactose oxido-reductive pathway, but not the Leloir pathway. Four genes, including the recently characterized ladB (galactitol dehydrogenase) were found to have differencial expressions that are highly relevant to GalX , indicating a novel oxido-reductive pathway in A.niger . We aim to discover differentially expressed genes in A.niger wild type strain N402 and M-NM-^TgalX mutant while growing on galactose as carbon source. Biological duplicates were made for both strains. The strains were grown O/N in complete medium with 2% frunctose and mycelium was then washed and transferred to minimal medium with 25 mM D-galactose and incubated for 2 hours. Affymetrix microarray experiments were performed RNA isolated from these samples.

2012-09-20 | E-GEOD-40219 | biostudies-arrayexpress

The zinc finger protein Mig1 regulates mitochondrial function and azole drug susceptibility in the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans

Project description:The opportunistic pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans causes fungal meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised individuals. In previous studies, we found that the Hap complex in this pathogen represses genes encoding mitochondrial respiratory functions and TCA cycle components under low-iron conditions. The orthologous Hap2/3/4/5 complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae exerts a regulatory influence on mitochondrial functions and Hap4 is subject to glucose repression via the carbon catabolite repressor Mig1. In this study, we explored the regulatory link between a candidate ortholog of the Mig1 protein and the HapX component of the Hap complex in C. neoformans. This analysis revealed repression of MIG1 by HapX and activation of HAPX by Mig1 in low iron conditions, and Mig1 regulation of mitochondrial functions including respiration, tolerance for reactive oxygen species, and expression of genes for iron-consuming and iron-acquisition functions. Consistent with these regulatory functions, a mig1Î mutant had impaired growth on inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration and ROS inducers. Furthermore, deletion of MIG1 provoked a dysregulation in nutrient sensing via the TOR pathway and impacted the pathway for cell wall remodeling. Importantly, loss of Mig1 increased susceptibility to fluconazole thus further establishing a link between azole antifungal drugs and mitochondrial function. Mig1 and HapX were also required together for survival in macrophages, but Mig1 alone had a minimal impact on virulence in mice. Overall, these studies provide novel insights into a HapX/Mig1 regulatory network and reinforce an association between mitochondrial dysfunction and drug susceptibility that may provide new targets for the development of antifungal drugs. In this study, transcription profiles of WT and mig1D mutant strains of Cryptococcus neoformans were compared in a dye-swap experiment following 6hr exposure to Low Iron Medium (LIM) or LIM + 100mM FeCl3.

2015-12-17 | E-GEOD-76063 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcriptional response of an azole-resistant Candida parapsilosis isolate.

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series: GSE27405: Transcriptional response of an azole-resistant Candida parapsilosis isolate [fluconazole]. GSE27407: Transcriptional response of an azole-resistant Candida parapsilosis isolate [posaconazole]. GSE27408: Transcriptional response of an azole-resistant Candida parapsilosis isolate [voriconazole]. Refer to individual Series

2011-04-18 | E-GEOD-27409 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induces Epigenetic Dysregulation by H3K27 Hyperacetylation to Perturb Active Enhancers in Parkinson’s Disease Models

Project description:We aim to explore the predominant mitochondrial dysfunctions in PD, with a focus on how altering the histone code contributes to PD pathogenesis. We employ a multidisciplinary approach to convincingly demonstrate that neurotoxicant exposure- and genetic mutation-driven mitochondrial dysfunction share a common mechanism of epigenetic dysregulation. Under both scenarios, lysine 27 acetylation of likely variant H3.2 (H3.2K27ac) increased in dopaminergic neuronal models of PD, thereby opening that region to active enhancer activity via H3K27 hyperacetylation. These vulnerable epigenomic loci represent potential transcription factor motifs for PD pathogenesis. Our results reveal an exciting axis of ‘exposure/mutation-mitochondrial dysfunction-metabolism-H3K27ac-transcriptome’ for PD pathogenesis. Collectively, the novel mechanistic insights presented here interlinks mitochondrial dysfunction to epigenetic transcriptional regulation in dopaminergic degeneration as well as offer potential new epigenetic intervention strategies for PD.

2021-10-13 | GSE140524 | GEO

Contribution of CgPDR1-regulated genes in enhanced virulence of azole-resistant Candida glabrata

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series: GSE23827: Contribution of CgPDR1-regulated genes in enhanced virulence of azole-resistant Candida glabrata (part 1) GSE23828: Contribution of CgPDR1-regulated genes in enhanced virulence of azole-resistant Candida glabrata (part 2) Refer to individual Series

2010-12-31 | E-GEOD-23829 | biostudies-arrayexpress

The zinc finger protein Mig1 regulates mitochondrial function and azole drug susceptibility in the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans

Project description:The opportunistic pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans causes fungal meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised individuals. In previous studies, we found that the Hap complex in this pathogen represses genes encoding mitochondrial respiratory functions and TCA cycle components under low-iron conditions. The orthologous Hap2/3/4/5 complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae exerts a regulatory influence on mitochondrial functions and Hap4 is subject to glucose repression via the carbon catabolite repressor Mig1. In this study, we explored the regulatory link between a candidate ortholog of the Mig1 protein and the HapX component of the Hap complex in C. neoformans. This analysis revealed repression of MIG1 by HapX and activation of HAPX by Mig1 in low iron conditions, and Mig1 regulation of mitochondrial functions including respiration, tolerance for reactive oxygen species, and expression of genes for iron-consuming and iron-acquisition functions. Consistent with these regulatory functions, a mig1Δ mutant had impaired growth on inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration and ROS inducers. Furthermore, deletion of MIG1 provoked a dysregulation in nutrient sensing via the TOR pathway and impacted the pathway for cell wall remodeling. Importantly, loss of Mig1 increased susceptibility to fluconazole thus further establishing a link between azole antifungal drugs and mitochondrial function. Mig1 and HapX were also required together for survival in macrophages, but Mig1 alone had a minimal impact on virulence in mice. Overall, these studies provide novel insights into a HapX/Mig1 regulatory network and reinforce an association between mitochondrial dysfunction and drug susceptibility that may provide new targets for the development of antifungal drugs.

2015-12-17 | GSE76063 | GEO

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