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Unleashing natural IL-18 activity using an anti-IL-18BP blocker antibody induces potent immune stimulation and anti-tumor effects

ABSTRACT: Recombinant cytokines have limited anti-cancer efficacy mostly due to narrow therapeutic window and systemic adverse effects. IL-18 is an inflammasome induced proinflammatory cytokine that enhances T and NK cell activity and stimulates IFNg production. The activity of IL-18 is naturally blocked by a high affinity endogenous binding protein (IL-18BP). IL-18BP is induced in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in response to IFNg upregulation in a negative feedback mechanism. In this study we found that IL-18 is upregulated in the TME compared to the periphery across multiple human tumors and most of it is bound to IL-18BP. Bound IL-18 levels were largely above the amount required for T cell activation in vitro, implying that releasing IL-18 in the TME could lead to potent T cell immune activation. To restore the activity of endogenous IL-18 we generated COM503, a high affinity anti-IL-18BP antibody (Ab), that blocks the IL-18BP:IL-18 interaction and displaces pre-complexed IL-18 to enhance T cell and NK cell activation. In vivo, administration of a surrogate anti-IL-18BP Ab, either alone or in combination with anti-PD-L1 Ab, resulted in significant tumor growth inhibition and increased survival across multiple mouse tumor models. Moreover, anti-IL-18BP Ab induced pronounced TME-localized immune modulation including an increase in polyfunctional non-exhausted T and NK cell numbers and activation. In contrast, no increase in inflammatory cytokines and lymphocyte numbers or activation state was observed in serum and spleen. Taken together, blocking IL-18BP using an Ab is a promising novel approach to harness cytokine biology for the treatment of cancer.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE239473 | GEO | 2024/03/15

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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IL-18BP is a secreted immune checkpoint and barrier to effective IL-18 immunotherapy

Project description:Recombinant cytokines were the first modern immunotherapies to produce durable cures in metastatic cancer, but their application has been hampered by only modest efficacy and limited tolerability. Next-generation cytokine therapies are therefore under development to overcome the biological limitations of native cytokines. By analyzing single-cell transcriptomic data from tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), we found that components of the Interleukin-18 (IL-18) pathway are upregulated on activated and dysfunctional TIL, suggesting that IL-18 therapy could potentially restore anti-tumor immunity by stimulating these key effector cells. However, recombinant IL-18 therapy has consistently failed to demonstrate anti-tumor efficacy in clinical trials. Here we show that the secreted, high-affinity decoy receptor IL-18BP is frequently upregulated in the tumor microenvironment of diverse human cancers and syngeneic murine tumor models. Using directed evolution, we engineered a ‘decoy-resistant’ IL-18 (DR-18), which maintains signaling potential, but is impervious to binding and inhibition by IL-18BP. In contrast to wild-type IL-18, DR-18 exhibits potent anti-tumor efficacy as monotherapy and in combination with anti-PD-1 checkpoint immunotherapy in multiple tumor models. Mechanistically, DR-18 drives the development of poly-functional effector CD8+ T cells, decreases the prevalence of exhausted CD8+ T cells expressing the transcription factor TOX, and expands the pool of TCF1+ precursor CD8+ T cells. DR-18 also enhances NK cell activity and maturation to effectively treat anti-PD-1 resistant tumors that have lost MHC class I surface expression. Together, these results highlight the IL-18 pathway as a powerful target for immunotherapeutic intervention and implicate the secreted immune checkpoint IL-18BP as an obstacle to effective IL-18 immunotherapy.

2020-06-29 | GSE146609 | GEO

Genome-wide maps of Runx3 bound regions in IL-2-activated splenic NK cells

Project description:ChIP-seq was conducted using splenic WT NK cells cultured for 7 days with IL-2 using anti-Runx3 antibodies (Ab), anti-H3K4me1 Ab and non-immune serum (NIS) as control. Two biological Runx3, one H3K4me1 and two NIS IP repeats from splenic NK cells isolated from individual mice by negative selection using NK cell isolation kit (R&D) cultured with IL-2.

2013-11-18 | E-GEOD-50129 | biostudies-arrayexpress

NK-cell derived extracellular vesicles LC-MS/MS

Project description:In this study we have compared the proteomic profile of extracellular vesicles (EVs) prepared from primary, human NK cells or the human NK cell lines NK-92 and KHYG-1 cultured for 48hrs in serum-free conditions. EVs were harvested from cells either under resting conditions (culture in IL-15) or upon activation (combination of IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18). In addition, primary NK cells were activated in the presence of anti-CD16-coated beads, and EVs harvested after 48hrs. The aim was to compare their ability to target and kill a variety of tumor cell line-derived spheroids

2022-10-14 | PXD027284 | Pride

Effect of anti-IL-15 administration on T cell and NK cell homeostasis in rhesus macaques (TCM)

Project description:Analysis of the effect of anti-IL-15 monoclonal antibody treatment on T cell and NK cell homeostasis in rhesus macaques. The hypothesis tested in the present study was that repeated administrations of a rhesusized anti-IL-15 monoclonal antibody would block IL-15 activity in vivo and result in changes to T and/or NK cell population dynamics that would reflect physiologic IL-15 function. The results provide important information on the specific role IL-15 plays in effector memory T cell and NK cell homeostasis, noting that effector memory T cells but not NK cells can be maintained in the absence of IL-15 signaling by the activity of other cytokines. Sort-purified CD8+ and CD4+ TCM from PBMC, before and after treatment with IgG1 Ab and anti-IL15 Ab

2016-09-07 | E-GEOD-76785 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Effect of anti-IL-15 administration on T cell and NK cell homeostasis in rhesus macaques (TEM)

Project description:Analysis of the effect of anti-IL-15 monoclonal antibody treatment on T cell and NK cell homeostasis in rhesus macaques. The hypothesis tested in the present study was that repeated administrations of a rhesusized anti-IL-15 monoclonal antibody would block IL-15 activity in vivo and result in changes to T and/or NK cell population dynamics that would reflect physiologic IL-15 function. The results provide important information on the specific role IL-15 plays in effector memory T cell and NK cell homeostasis, noting that effector memory T cells but not NK cells can be maintained in the absence of IL-15 signaling by the activity of other cytokines. Sort-purified CD8+ TEM from PBMC, before and after treatment with IgG1 Ab and anti-IL15 Ab

2016-09-07 | E-GEOD-76796 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Genome-wide maps of Runx3 bound regions in splenic NK cells activated in vivo with IL-15

Project description:ChIP-seq was conducted using freshly isolated splenic WT NK cells from IL-15/Ra treated mice with anti-Runx3 antibody (Ab) and non-immune serum (NIS) as control. Runx3 and NIS IP from splenic NK cells of IL-15/Ra treated WT mice, isolated by negative selection using NK cell isolation kit (R&D) followed by sorting of NKp46+ cells.

2014-01-22 | E-GEOD-50126 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Genome-wide maps of Runx3 bound regions in IL-2-activated splenic NK cells

Project description:ChIP-seq was conducted using splenic WT NK cells cultured for 7 days with IL-2 using anti-Runx3 antibodies (Ab), anti-H3K4me1 Ab and non-immune serum (NIS) as control.

2013-11-18 | GSE50129 | GEO

TGF-β and CIS inhibition overcomes NK cell suppression to restore anti-tumor immunity

Project description:Antibodies targeting “immune checkpoints” have revolutionized cancer therapy by reactivating tumor-resident cytotoxic lymphocytes, primarily CD8 T cells. Interest in targeting analogous pathways in other cytotoxic lymphocytes is growing. Natural killer (NK) cells are key to cancer immunosurveillance by eradicating metastases and driving solid tumor inflammation. NK cell anti-tumor function is dependent on the cytokine interleukin (IL)-15. Ablation of the IL-15 signaling inhibitor CIS (Cish) enhances NK cell anti-tumor immunity by increasing NK cell metabolism and persistence within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME has also been shown to impair NK cell fitness via the production of immunosuppressive TGF-b, a suppression which occurs even in the presence of high IL-15 signaling. Here, we identified an unexpected interaction between CIS and the TGF-b signaling pathway in NK cells. Independently, Cish- and Tgfbr2- deficient NK cells are both hyper-responsive to IL-15 and hypo-responsive to TGF-b, with dramatically enhanced anti-tumor immunity. Remarkably, when both these immunosuppressive genes are simultaneously deleted in NK cells, mice are largely resistant to tumor development, suggesting that combining suppression of these two pathways might represent a novel therapeutic strategy to enhance innate anti-cancer immunity.

2022-04-11 | GSE200134 | GEO

RNA squencing of human NK cells activated with IL-15 or IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18

Project description:NK cells are an emerging cancer cellular therapy and potent mediators of anti-tumor immunity. Cytokine-induced memory-like (ML) NK cellular therapy is safe and induces remissions in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. However, the dynamic molecular changes that occur after memory-like differentiation in vitro are unclear. Here, control or ML NK cells purified from normal donor PBMC were generated in vitro. Briefly, RosetteSep-purified NK cells were incubated in IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18, or low-dose IL-15 as a control for 16-18 hours. Control or cytokine-activated NK cells were washed three times and cultured for 6 days in low-dose IL-15, which is required for NK cell survival. After 6 days, RNA was isolated from control and memory-like (ML) NK cells (IL12/15/18 activation) and RNA-sequencing performed. Because the transcription factor GATA-3 was increased specifically in ML NK cells, we hypothesized ML NK cells would exhibit a GATA-3 gene signature compared to control NK cells. Indeed, using GSEA, a significant gene signature was associated with ML NK cell differentiation. These data support the role for GATA-3 in regulating the ML NK cell molecular program.

2020-08-25 | GSE154694 | GEO

Differential gene expression in IFNg+ and IFNg- IL-15 primed NK cells after anti-NK1.1 stimulation [IFNgReporter_RNA-seq]

Project description:We isolated splenic NK cells and cultured them for 3 days in 100 ng/ml IL-15. Next, we stimulated the cells with plate-bound anti-NK1.1 for 6 hours and sorted YFP+ (IFNg+) and YFP- (IFNg-) populations. We then performed gene expression profiling analysis using data obtained from RNA-seq from unstimulated, YFP+ or YFP- NK cells.

2023-08-01 | GSE227863 | GEO

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