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NF-κB transcription factors RelA and c-Rel selectively control CD4+ T-cell function in multiple sclerosis and cancer [bulk_human]

ABSTRACT: The outcome of cancer and autoimmunity is dictated by the recruitment and effector functions of CD4+ conventional T cells (Tconv cells). The NF-kappaB (NF-κB) family of transcription factors is implicated in different aspects of Tconv cell biology, but the cell-autonomous roles of NF-κB subunits are elusive. Here, we explored the contributions of canonical RelA and c-Rel subunits to Tconv function in health and disease. We found that RelA, rather than c-Rel, shaped the transcriptome of mouse and human Tconv cells at steady-state and was required for Tconv polarization toward the TH17 lineage in vitro. RelA-deficient mice were fully protected against neuro-inflammation in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS), because of defective transition to a pathogenic TH17 gene expression program. In contrast, Tconv-restricted ablation of c-Rel, but not RelA, impaired their function in the microenvironment of transplanted tumors, resulting in enhanced cancer burden. c-Rel in Tconv cells was required for the response to PD-1-blockade therapy, and a c-Rel-dependent gene signature was correlated with better response and prognosis in anti-PD-1-treated patients. Our data demonstrate a division of labor between different subunits of the NF-κB pathway, paving the way for subunit-targeted immunotherapies.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE239698 | GEO | 2024/03/28

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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NF-κB transcription factors RelA and c-Rel selectively control CD4+ T-cell function in multiple sclerosis and cancer [sc_rna]

Project description:The outcome of cancer and autoimmunity is dictated by the recruitment and effector functions of CD4+ conventional T cells (Tconv cells). The NF-kappaB (NF-κB) family of transcription factors is implicated in different aspects of Tconv cell biology, but the cell-autonomous roles of NF-κB subunits are elusive. Here, we explored the contributions of canonical RelA and c-Rel subunits to Tconv function in health and disease. We found that RelA, rather than c-Rel, shaped the transcriptome of mouse and human Tconv cells at steady-state and was required for Tconv polarization toward the TH17 lineage in vitro. RelA-deficient mice were fully protected against neuro-inflammation in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS), because of defective transition to a pathogenic TH17 gene expression program. In contrast, Tconv-restricted ablation of c-Rel, but not RelA, impaired their function in the microenvironment of transplanted tumors, resulting in enhanced cancer burden. c-Rel in Tconv cells was required for the response to PD-1-blockade therapy, and a c-Rel-dependent gene signature was correlated with better response and prognosis in anti-PD-1-treated patients. Our data demonstrate a division of labor between different subunits of the NF-κB pathway, paving the way for subunit-targeted immunotherapies.

2024-03-28 | GSE239703 | GEO

NF-κB transcription factors RelA and c-Rel selectively control CD4+ T-cell function in multiple sclerosis and cancer [bulk_mouse]

2024-03-28 | GSE239700 | GEO

Identification of c-Rel and RelA binding regions in stimulated EL4 cells

Project description:c-Rel and RelA are members of the NF-kappaB family of transcription factors. They both have important roles in T cell activation. To discover where in the genome c-Rel and RelA bind and hence which genes they may directly target, we used ChIP-chip with EL4 cells stimulated with phorbol ester (PMA) and Ionomycin. We have identified regions in EL4 cells (background strain: C57BL/6N) activated for 2h or 8h by PMA and Ionomycin, that bind the transcription factors c-Rel and RelA. Immunoprecipitated samples from EL4 cells stimulated with PMA and ionomycin for 2 h and 8 h with antibodies against RelA or c-Rel respectively were used for ChIP-on-chip experiments. In addition, samples from total input and mock immunoprecipitation were used as controls. Biological triplicates were used.

2013-12-29 | E-GEOD-42818 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Positive and negative regulation of lymphomagenesis by the NF-kappaB subunit c-Rel

Project description:'The REL gene, encoding the NF-κB subunit c-Rel, is frequently amplified in B-cell lymphoma and functions as a tumour promoting transcription factor. Here we report the surprising result that c-rel -/- mice display significantly earlier lymphomagenesis in the c-Myc driven, Eμ-Myc model of B-cell lymphoma. c-Rel loss also led to earlier onset of disease in a separate TCL1-Tg driven lymphoma model. Tumour reimplantation experiments indicated that this is an effect intrinsic to the Eμ-Myc lymphoma cells but, counter-intuitively, c-rel -/- Eμ-Myc lymphoma cells were more sensitive to apoptotic stimuli. To learn more about why loss of c-Rel led to earlier onset of disease, microarray gene expression analysis was performed on B-cells from 4-week old, wild type and c-rel -/- Eμ-Myc mice. Extensive changes in gene expression were not seen at this age but among those transcripts significantly downregulated by the loss of c-Rel was the B-cell tumour suppressor BTB and CNC homology 2 (Bach2). Q-PCR and western blot analysis confirmed loss of Bach2 in c-Rel mutant Eμ-Myc tumours at both 4 weeks and the terminal stages of disease. Moreover Bach2 expression was also downregulated in c-rel -/- TCL1-Tg mice and RelA Thr505Ala mutant Eμ-Myc mice. Analysis of wild type Eμ-Myc mice demonstrated that the population expressing low levels of Bach2 exhibited the earlier onset of lymphoma seen in c-rel-/- mice. Confirming the relevance of these findings to human disease, analysis of ChIP-Seq data revealed that Bach2 is a c-Rel and NF-κB target gene in transformed human B-cells, while treatment of Burkitt''s lymphoma cells with inhibitors of the NF-κB/IKK pathway or deletion of c-Rel or RelA resulted in loss of Bach2 expression. This data reveals a surprising tumour suppressor role for c-Rel in lymphoma development explained by regulation of Bach2 expression, underlining the context dependent complexity of NF-κB signalling in cancer.'

2014-12-31 | E-MTAB-2774 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcriptional profiling of NF-kB's Rel and RelA proteins

Project description:Rel and RelA proteins were stably expressed in the chicken DT40 pre-B cell line and analyzed by transcription profiling to identify transformation-impacting genes regulated by NF-kB’s oncogenic v-Rel and c-Rel proteins. This analysis uncovered both common and differential gene expression profiles in cells expressing Rel vs. RelA proteins, and revealed that Rel protein expression can lead to gene-specific transcriptional repression, as seen for key B-cell receptor (BCR) components and signaling molecules like B-cell linker (BLNK), the B-cell adaptor for PI3K (BCAP) and Igλ. These were also downregulated in cells expressing a transformation-competent chimeric RelA/v-Rel protein, suggesting a correlation with the capacity of Rel proteins to transform lymphocytes. DNA binding, ChIP and transformation assays indicate that downregulation of BLNK and BCAP is an important contributing factor to the malignant transformation of lymphocytes by Rel and suggest that gene repression may be as important as transcriptional activation for the transforming activity of Rel proteins. Keywords: Comparative transcriptional profiling

2008-02-14 | GSE9544 | GEO

Identification of c-Rel and RelA binding regions in stimulated EL4 cells

2013-12-29 | GSE42818 | GEO

A single Thr505 phospho-site mutation reveals an important role for the RelA NF-κB subunit in liver regeneration and cancer

Project description:Post-translational modification of NF-κB subunits provides a mechanism to differentially regulate their activity in response to the many stimuli that can induce this pathway. However, the physiological significance of these modifications is largely unknown and it remains unclear if these have a critical role in the normal and pathological functions of NF-κB in vivo. Among these, phosphorylation of the RelA(p65) Thr505 residue has been described as an important regulator of NF-κB activity in cell lines but its physiological significance was not known. Therefore, to learn more about the role of this pathway in vivo, we generated a knockin mouse with a RelA T505A mutation. Unlike RelA knockout mice, the RelA T505A mice develop normally but exhibit aberrant hepatocyte proliferation following liver partial hepatectomy or damage resulting from carbon tetrachloride treatment. Consistent with these effects, RelA T505A mice exhibit earlier onset of cancer in the N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) model of hepatocellular carcinoma. This data reveals a critical pathway controlling NF-κB function in the liver that acts to suppress tumour-promoting activities of RelA.

2015-11-30 | E-MTAB-3596 | biostudies-arrayexpress

RelA and RelB-dependent transcriptome analysis in lymphotoxin-ß receptor stimulated mouse embryonic fibroblasts

Project description:Background: Lymphotoxin signaling via the lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR) has been implicated in several biological processes, ranging from development of secondary lymphoid organs, maintenance of splenic tissue, host defense against pathogens, autoimmunity, and lipid homeostasis. The major transcription factor that is activated by LTβR crosslinking is NF-κB. Two signaling pathways have been described that result in the activation of classical p50-RelA and alternative p52-RelB NF-κB heterodimers. Results: Using microarray analysis, we investigated the transcriptional response downstream of the LTβR in mouse embryoni fibroblasts (MEF) and its regulation by the RelA and RelB subunits of NF-κB. We describe novel LTβR-responsive genes that are regulated by RelA and/or RelB. Interestingly, we found that the majority of LTβR-regulated genes require the presence of both RelA and RelB, suggesting significant crosstalk between the two NF-κB activation pathways. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis confirmed that LTβR-NF-κB target genes are predominantly involved in the regulation of immune responses. However, other biological processes, such as apoptosis/cell death, cell cycle, angiogenesis, and taxis were also regulated by LTβR signaling. Moreover, we show that activation of the LTβR inhibits the expression of a key adipogenic transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (pparg), suggesting that LTβR signaling may interfere with adipogenic differentiation. Conclusions: Thus, microarray analysis of LTβR-stimulated fibroblasts revealed further insight into the transcriptional response of LTβR signaling and its regulation by the NF-κB family members RelA and RelB. Keywords: cell type comparison (wt vs relA-/- vs relB-/-) after genetic modification using a time course for each cell type (wt, relA-/-, relB-/-) two time points were analysed (0h as control and 10h) using 3 technical replicates resulting in 18 samples in total

2008-12-17 | E-GEOD-11963 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Stepwise Neofunctionalization of c-Rel during Vertebrate Evolution (RNA-Seq)

Project description:Adaptive immunity and the five vertebrate NF-kB/Rel family members first appeared in cartilaginous fish, suggesting that NF-kB family expansion allowed the acquisition of new functions to regulate adaptive immune responses. Transcriptome profiling revealed that, even in macrophages, the NF-kB family member, c-Rel, most potently regulates a cytokine gene linked to adaptive immunity, Il12b, with limiting roles at key regulators of innate immunity. Neofunctionalization of c-Rel to regulate Il12b depends on its unique DNA-binding properties, which we examined using structural, biochemical, functional, and genomic approaches. Among our findings was functional c-Rel homodimer binding to motifs with little resemblance to canonical NF-kB motifs. To determine whether c-Rel’s unique binding properties drove c-Rel-RelA divergence, we compared binding properties in various vertebrate species. c-Rel-RelA binding properties diverged in mammals and amphibians but were comparable in earlier vertebrates, suggesting that divergent DNA binding emerged relatively late during vertebrate evolution to support increasing complexity of adaptive immune regulation.

2024-03-11 | GSE243011 | GEO

Stepwise Neofunctionalization of c-Rel during Vertebrate Evolution (ChIP-Seq)

2023-11-29 | GSE243010 | GEO

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